1,721,233 research outputs found
Exploring the Internet and Internet Impact in the SME Internationalization: Evidence from Taiwan’s Market
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Soil and Leaf Diagnosis Information System for Orchard in Taiwan : A Proposal
No full text本系統是以倚天中文系統和Clipper資料庫管理系統套裝軟體所建立，內含一個果園資料庫及二個應用程式。資料庫可供每一果園存進生育肥培管理調查資料37項，葉片要素分析資料10項及各層（0~20、20~40、40~60crn）土壤性質要素含量資料共27項，加上果園編號和土壤，葉片樣本編號，共有77項資料。
兩個應用程式之一為果樹營養診斷程式。其診斷與推薦原則，主要係依據葉片要素濃度與各要素適宜濃度範圍或臨界基準之差異及缺乏徵狀之有無，判定果樹營養狀況，並參照部份土壤特性、肥力狀況及現行施肥量，推薦肥料需要量及其他土壤營養管理改良之對策。目前可以進行診斷的果樹種類有柑桔、葡萄、梨、枇杷、楊桃、芒果、蓮霧和番荔枝等八種果樹，診斷的營養要素包括氮、磷、鉀、鈣、鎂、硼、銅、鐵、錳和鋅等十種。各種果樹之各要素適宜濃度範圍或基準係依據本省多處果園長期肥料試驗或田間調查所定，但目前除了柑桔外，由於試驗資料欠缺，其他的果樹以暫引用國外基準者為多，尚待進一步研究試驗以確定和修正。
應用程式之二為化學肥料慣用量與果園肥力和果樹營養狀況各級別分布百分比的統計。繁瑣的營養診斷步驟和費時的統計運算，藉電腦程式的設計可大為簡化與便捷化。以中文作為輸入和輸出的格式，則可使資訊系統的應用普遍化，隨時提供農民和基層診斷人員初步的診斷及統計結果，作為果園肥培管理和改良對策之參考。惟資料尚待進一步的擴充或修正,並需多應用程式之設計，以整合研究試驗之成果，發揮試驗研究之功能，使果園資訊系統能提供多有意義的資訊供農民和研究人員參考。
The soil and leaf diagnosis information system is established using the ET Chinese system package and clipper database management system package. The system consists of an orchard data bank and two application programs.
The data bank provides: 1) 37 items to cover the data of growth fertilization and other management practices, 2) 10 items to cover the data of various nutrient concentration in leaves, 3) 27 items to cover the data of various soil properties and fertility in the profile layers of 0~20, 20~40, 40~60 cm. It also provides 3 items to cover the serial number of orchard and samples of leaf and soil. con sequently, there are total of 77 items for each orchard in the data bank.
One of the application programs is for the diagnosis of nutrition and recommendation. The principles of diagnosis and recommendation are based mainly on the judgement of nutrient status comparing the nutrient concentrations of leaves to be diagnosed with those of the optimum nutrient criteria established¡¦ and the existence of de ficient symptoms on the leaves or the informations provided by the local a gents. Some soil properties related to fertility as well as current rates of fertilization are also taken into account in recommending fertilizer and management practices. There are eight kinds of fruit trees, namely, citrus, grape, pear, loquat, carambola, mango, wax apple and custard apple in the program at present. The nutrient elements to be diagnosed are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron, copper, iron, manganese and zinc. The optimum nutrient criteria for each kinds of trees should be based on the results of long term fertilization experiments and field surveys con ducted for each kinds of trees in this country. However, except citrus most of the criteria are adapted from foreign countries, due to insufficiency of local data available. Consequently they are subject to be confirmed further and should be revised after more field experiments and surveys conducted.
Another program is for the statistics of percentage distributions of the rates of chemical fertilizers applied, the status of fertility in the soil as well as that of nutrient in the trees. The time-consuming work of diagnosis and complicated calculation in statisticsc an be simplifed and speeded up using the programs. The system conducted in Chinese can be accepted easily by the local farmer and agents. And the informations acquaired from the system will be a basis for the management of fertility and plant nutrition in the orcha rds. The system will provide more meaningful informations for the farmers as well as researchers by extending the capacity of the data bank and improving the design of program with more experimental data obtained further
(41(2): 187-200)Studies on Urea Transformation in Soils Uder Upland Condition
No full text本研究探討旱田狀態下尿素及裹硫尿素在土壤中之水解及轉化情形。
供試土壤為臺北砂頁岩質沖積土（低鹽基淡色弱育土，Dystrochrepts），pH 6.1（原pH為4.0，試驗前施用碳酸鈣將其提高為6.1），及彰化粘板岩質沖積土（簡育浸水弱育土，Haplaquepts），pH 7.40。兩種土壤之質地，均屬坋質壤土。
實驗方法係將土壤各90公克稱於100cc一燒杯中，施以不同用量氮素的尿素或裹硫尿素（合N 0、30、60及150mg/100g土壤），充分混合後保持土壤容水量之約50%，放置於30°C下孵育，按期以氯化鉀溶液抽出，測定土壤中之銨、硝酸及亞硝酸等各形態之氮素含量。
結果顯示：1. 尿素之水解迅速；在30°C下，所施尿素在7天內即已全部水解為銨態氮。2. 臺北土壤因銨的硝酸化較慢故有顯著的銨態氮聚積，亦因此，在多量尿素的施用下氨的揮散損失非常顯著。至於彰化土壤則因硝酸化速率高，水解後之銨迅速轉化為亞銷酸及硝酸，致使銨態氮的聚積不明顯，故氨的揮散損失在此中鹼性土壤反而不顯著。3. 因鹼性土壤中，亞硝酸轉化為硝酸的速率稍慢於銨轉化為亞硝酸的速率，在多量的銨轉化為硝酸的過程中有顯著的亞硝酸聚積跡象。4. 裹硫尿素因水解和緩，銨的轉化甚為順暢，無論用量多寡，土壤中均無氨揮散或亞硝酸聚積之跡象。其氮素釋放的模式顯然優於尿素，有利於作物之吸收利用。5. 以本試驗結果所得數據輸入CERES-Maize中之氮轉化模式，所得結果顯示該模式對施肥量低、沒有氨揮散之土壤中氮素轉化的模擬適用性尚佳，但對於施肥量高、有氨揮散之土壤中氮素轉化模擬則不佳。此乃由於該模式中並未涵蓋氨揮散之機制故；其涵蓋氨揮散機制之需要性有待考量。
The Patterns of urea transformation in soils under upland condition were studied in laboratory.
The soils studied were: (1) an acidic Taipei sandstone and shale alluvial soil (Dystro-chrepts) with pH 4.0 (the pH, however, was adjusted to 6.1 by CaCO3 before the experiment), and (2) a calcareous Changhua slate alluvial soil (Haplaquepts) with pH 7.4. Ninety grams each of soils placed in 100 CC-beaker was applied, respectively with different rates of nitrogen (corresponding to 0, 30, 60 and l50mg/l00g soil) in the forms of urea and sulfur coated urea, mixed thoroughly and incubated under 30°C. The soil moisture was kept at ca. 50% of the saturation capacities of soils. The contents of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate in the soils were measured at 7, 14, 28 and 43 days after application.
1. The hydrolysis of urea in the soils under 30°C was quite fast that all of the urea-N was transformed into ammonium within 7 days after application.
2. The rate of nitrification in Taipei soil was so slow that there was significant accumulation of ammonium at 7 days after application and loss of ammonia was most signigicant under high rate of urea application. On the other hand, the rate of nitrfication in Changhua soil was so fast that there was almost no ammonium accumulated in the soil, except under very high rate of application.
3. As the rate of transformation of nitrite to nitrate was less than that of ammonium to nitrite under higher pH, the accumulation of nitrite was significant in Changhua soil during the period 7-14 days after urea application. The accumulation even prolonged under high rate of application.
4. The transformation of ammonium to nitrate was very smooth and there were neither indication of ammonia evaporation nor trace of nitrite accumulation in the soil applied with sulfur coated urea even under high rate of application. The slow dissolution of urea from the fertilizer was attributed to this phenomenon. The patterns of nitrogen release in the soil with sulfur coated urea were apparently superior than that with prilled urea for the uptake by crops.
5. The simulation of the data obtained under low rates of urea application in CERES-Maize N model was rather appropriate, but that of the data obtained under high rates was not. The volatilization of ammonia from soil was not considered in the model. Due to the fact that ammonia volatilization is significant under high rate of urea application, the modification of the model to include such mechanism seems necessary
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