5,668 research outputs found
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No full textTrade card advertising London Tonic Pills, a remedy prepared by C.A. & C.W. Price, Richmond, Maine. The verso is blank, though marked by hand with two inked stamps. One reads "London Tonic Pills" and the other the name of the manufacturer. The card was probably issued during the 1880s
The self-translating author in conflict with diglossic context: the polygraphy of Iban Zaldua
No full textInternational audienceThe article starts from the hypothesis that the act of literary self-translation can constitute, in a diglossic context, a betrayal, not of the original text, nor a fortiori of the author, but of the minority language used in the original text and its cultural context in the broad sense. Having theorized this, Ur Apalategui traces, in a second step, a short history of literary self- translation in the Basque Country. Then he turns to the particular case of Iban Zaldua, an author with assumed bilingualism who sometimes writes different works in his two mother tongues (Basque and Spanish), sometimes uses self-translation from Basque into Spanish. Finally, he studies the sociological and systemic reasons why Iban Zaldua’s self-translation is not received by the Basque readership as a betrayal
THE SELF-TRANSLATING AUTHOR IN CONFLICT WITH DIGLOSSIC CONTEXT:THE POLYGRAPHY OF IBAN ZALDUA
No full textThe article starts from the hypothesis that the act of literary self-translation can constitute, in a diglossic context, a betrayal, not of the original text, nor a fortiori of the author, but of the minority language used in the original text and its cultural context in the broad sense. Having theorized this, Ur Apalategui traces, in a second step, a short history of literary self- translation in the Basque Country. Then he turns to the particular case of Iban Zaldua, an author with assumed bilingualism who sometimes writes different works in his two mother tongues (Basque and Spanish), sometimes uses self-translation from Basque into Spanish. Finally, he studies the sociological and systemic reasons why Iban Zaldua’s self-translation is not received by the Basque readership as a betrayal
A new species of the Genus Bathyaulax Szépligeti from India (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).
No full textEine neue Art der Gattung Bathyaulax (Braconidae) aus Indien wird beschrieben.Nomenklatorische Handlungenalami Zaka-ur-Rab, 1963 (Bathyaulax), spec. n.The author describes a new species of the Braconid genus Bathyaulax from India. Nomenclatural Actsalami Zaka-ur-Rab, 1963 (Bathyaulax), spec. n
Sociale cohesie in Nederwetten : samen werken aan de toekomst van het dorp
No full textNederwetten is een dorp met ongeveer 800 inwoners dat deel uitmaakt van de Gemeente Nuenen c.a. De Dorpsraad Nederwetten werkt sinds een aantal jaren aan het vergroten van de leefbaarheid. Voorjaar 2012 is de Wetenschapswinkel Wageningen UR benaderd om nader onderzoek te doen naar de sociale cohesie. De onderzoekers hebben met een aantal dorpsgenoten diepgaande vraaggesprekken gehouden om zicht te krijgen op de beleving in Nederwetten. Het eindrapport van resultaten en aanbevelingen ligt nu voor
Informal regulation of industrial pollution in developing countries : evidence from Indonesia
No full textThe authors test a model of supply-demand relations in an implicit market for environmental services when formal regulation is absent. They use plant-level data from Indonesia for 1989-90, before the advent of nationwide environmental regulation. Treating pollution as a derived demand for environmental services, their model relates emissions of biological oxygen demand to the price (expected cost) of pollution; to prices of other inputs (labor,energy, materials); and to enterprise characteristics that may affect pollution demand, including scale, vintage ownership, and efficiency. The price of pollution is determined by the intersection of plant-level demand and a local environmental supply function, enforced by community pressure or informal regulation. Environmental supply is affected by community income, education, the size of the exposed population, the local economic importance of the plant, and its visibility as a polluter. Their results are strongly consistent with the existence of an informal"pollution equilibrium."Pollution intensity declines with increase in plant size, efficiency, and local materials prices. Older plants and publicly owned facilities are more pollution intensive; multinational ownership has no independent effect. The results also suggest that the price of pollution is higher when plants are particularly visible and is far lower in poorer, less-educated communities. Thus the intensity of pollution is far higher in such communities. While it would be premature to generalize from these results, they suggest that the model of optimal pollution control in environmental economics is more relevant for developing countries than many have believed. Community-factory interactions seem to reflect environmental supply-demand considerations even when formal regulation does not exist. In addition, the apparent power of informal regulation implies that cost-effective formal systems should be designed to complement, not supplant, community control. In particular: 1) Local communities should not be forced to rely so heavily on visibility when judging environmental performance. Formal regulation should include publication of audited emissions reports from factories; 2) Environmental injustice may be real and important. Many poor, uneducated communities may need extra support from national regulators.; and 3) However, appropriate regulation should strike the right balance between equity and efficiency. Uniform national standards go too far because they eliminate all the natural and legitimate regional diversity that is also reflected in informal arrangements.Public Health Promotion,Environmental Economics&Policies,Water and Industry,Sanitation and Sewerage,Water Conservation,Environmental Economics&Policies,Water and Industry,TF030632-DANISH CTF - FY05 (DAC PART COUNTRIES GNP PER CAPITA BELOW USD 2,500/AL,Sanitation and Sewerage,Urban Services to the Poor
Less Favoured Area Measure in the Netherlands: a welcome or negligible addition?
No full textThe Less Favoured Areas (LFAs) Directive (75/268) which was introduced in 1975, was the first common European instrument of regional agricultural structural policy. LFAs are areas where agriculture is hampered by permanent natural handicaps. The major objectives were to ensure the continuation of farming, thereby maintaining a minimum population level and preserving scenic landscapes and environmentally valuable habitats. In the Netherlands, the LFA measure is used as an additional payment, to compensate farmers for negative economic effects due to the conservation of these natural handicaps. It was not implemented as a stand alone policy, but is linked to measures aiming at active nature and landscape conservation management. In this paper, the effects will be examined of the regulations aiming at the conservation of natural handicaps on farm businesses within LFAs, when comparing them to farm businesses outside LFAs, where these regulations and handicaps do not exist. The main data source that was used is the Farm Accountancy Data Network. Reference groups of farms were compiled with the use of the simple and multiple imputation approach in Stars (Statistics for Regional Studies). Both analyses were tested with the use of a parametric and a nonparametric test. When comparing the results of both analyses, it can be concluded that there is no evidence that there is a statistical difference in family farm income corrected for and not corrected for LFA payment between the LFA farm businesses and the reference groups. Based on these findings it can be concluded that the size of the compensatory allowances is small and there is no evidence that it has a significant effect on the family farm income of LFA farm businesses. The main purpose of the Dutch LFA policy is to compensate farm businesses for negative economic effects due to the conservation of natural handicaps. Although this may be true for some individual farms, based on the methods used in this paper, it appears not to be the case for the collectivity of LFA premium beneficiaries as a whole.Less Favoured Areas, family farm income, regional development, Agricultural and Food Policy,
Participatory identification of indicators for assessing options for climate compatible development of smallholder farmers in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia.
No full textFunctionals of exponential Brownian motion and divided differences
No full textWe provide a surprising new application of classical approximation theory to a fundamental asset-pricing model of mathematical finance. Specifically, we calculate an analytic value for the correlation coefficient between
exponential Brownian motion and its time average, and we find the use of divided differences greatly elucidates formulae, providing a path to several new results. As applications, we find that this correlation coefficient is always at least 1/p2 and, via the Hermite–Genocchi integral relation, demonstrate that all moments of the time average are certain divided differences of the exponential function. We also prove that these moments agree with the somewhat more complex formulae obtained by Oshanin and Yor
Two Ur III texts in the De Liagre Böhl collection at Leiden
No full textIn this article two Ur III administrative texts (tablet+envelope) are presented in transliteration and translation. They were scanned with an X-ray micro CT-scanner to reveal the contents of the tablets in their envelopes.Geo-engineerin
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