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Psicologia generale e neuroscienze cognitive. Manuale per le professioni medico-sanitarie.
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Neuropsychological correlates of idiom understanding: How many hemispheres are involved?
No full textThe chapter examines the neuropsychological and brain-imaging literature on whether the comprehension of idiomatic expressions recruits both hemispheres or only the right hemisphere, as postulated by early models. Overall, the studies reviewed in the chapter show that patients not only rely on the right hemisphere to comprehend idioms. In addition, studies showed a bilateral involvement of regions of both hemispheres together with a specific contribution of the left hemishere to idiom comprehension
The role of ambiguity in idiom comprehension: the case of a patient with a reversed concreteness effect.
No full textThe semantic structure of many idioms is constituted by concrete (literal) actions that convey abstract (figurative) mental states and events. We investigated the comprehension of idioms in an Italian patient (MC) with selective atrophy of the left temporal pole, inferior and middle temporal gyri who showed a reversed concreteness effect on nouns (Papagno et al., 2009). Since idioms convey abstract figurative meanings, we assessed whether idiom comprehension was preserved. We tested the extent to which the number of meanings associated with a linguistic unit affected her ability to provide a meaning definition for ambiguous and unambiguous idioms, and for polysemous and non-polysemous words. Only the comprehension of unambiguous idioms was impaired despite the fact that both types of idiom convey abstract mental states. Polysemous word meanings were preserved. Our results suggest that: (1) the integrity of the left temporal lobe is required to process unambiguous idioms; (2) a relatively undamaged right temporal lobe allows the comprehension of ambiguous linguistic units
Literal, fictive and metaphorical motion sentences preserve the motion component of the verb: A TMS study
Full text linkCacciari C, Bolognini N, Senna I, Pellicciari MC, Miniussi C, Papagno C. Literal, fictive and metaphorical motion sentences preserve the motion component of the verb: A TMS study. Brain and Language. 2011;119(3):149-157
Proper name anomia. A case with sparing of the first letter knowledge.
No full textIn this article we describe the case of GC, a woman affected by severe proper name anemia due to progressive brain atrophy that mainly affected the left temporal pole. Proper name comprehension and semantic knowledge about the people she was unable to name were normal. GC showed a sparing of initial letter knowledge of proper names, while other phonological characteristics were not equally available. At a later stage of her illness, the naming impairment began to affect common names as well as proper names, though at a lesser extent. Whereas there was no category effect between names of animate and inanimate stimuli, we observed a relative sparing of first letter knowledge selectively for animate categories, although less marked than with proper names. This case is discussed within the theoretical framework of two-stage models of name production. Knowledge of the initial letter of proper names supports the psychological reality of the "phonological address" as a preliminary stage of the production of this class of names. Moreover, the qualitative similarity between errors observed with proper names and with names of animate objects suggests that the production of names belonging to these classes may conform, at least in part, to analogous algorithms
Slowly progressive aphasia : a four-year follow-up study
No full textThis paper reports the long-term follow-up of GC, a patient with primary progressive aphasia of the fluent type. GC presented at onset with an anomia characterized by sparing of first letter knowledge, that applied mainly to proper names and living categories. No semantic deficits were observed in the first stage of the disease, and MRI showed a left temporal lobe atrophy with a gradient from the pole to the posterior regions, the latter being less involved. We now report the clinical evolution of GC from the 2nd to the 4th year of disease. As the disease progressed, the anomia became more severe and the phenomenon of first letter sparing was no longer detectable. Also semantic knowledge was gradually affected and, eventually, was dramatically lost. However, no other cognitive deficits were seen at the last examination. By that time, the temporal atrophy shown by MRI was bilateral, although still more evident on the left side
La riabilitazione dei disturbi del riconoscimento di oggetti e di volti
No full textO b i e t t i v i d i a p p r e n d i m e n t o
◆ Comprendere i modelli cognitivi del riconoscimento degli oggetti
◆ Conoscere le tipologie dei disturbi acquisiti del riconoscimento degli oggetti e dei
volti e i relativi approcci riabilitativi
◆ Comprendere i modelli cognitivi del riconoscimento dei volti
◆ Conoscere le tipologie dei disturbi acquisiti del riconoscimento dei volti e i relativi
approcci riabilitativi
◆ Conoscere le tipologie dei disturbi congeniti del riconoscimento di volti e i relativi
approcci riabilitativ
Psicologia Generale. Dal cervello alla mente
No full textQuesto manuale presenta la psicologia generale secondo una nuova prospettiva. Per tradizione mente e cervello sono stati oggetto di studi separati. Gli autori, invece, partono dall'assunto che non vi è attività mentale che non abbia un correlato nel cervello e affrontano la disciplina illustrando l'intreccio tra lo studio sperimentale dei comportamenti e la descrizione dei correlati neurali corrispondenti a quei comportamenti
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