1,361 research outputs found
Towards a shared method to classify contaminated territories in the case of an accidental nuclear event: the PRIME project
No full textThe analysis of the management of the accidentally radioactive contaminated areas such as those around Chernobyl nuclear power plant highlights the fact that the current spatial classification methods hardly help in recovering proper use of the contaminated territory.
The cause is mainly to be searched for in the traditional construction of risks assessment methods; these methods rest on criteria defined by institutional experts, which are not applicable in practise because they are not shared by all the stakeholders involved in the management of the contaminated territories.
Opposite such top-down tentative management, local efforts supported by Non-Governmental Organizations to restore life in the contaminated area seem to be more fruitful but very time and resources consuming and limited to the specific areas where they are experimented. The aim of the PRIME project, in progress at the French Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, is to mix the advantages of both approaches in building a multicriteria decision tool based on the territorial specificities.
The criteria of the method are chosen and weighted with representatives of the territory’s stakeholders (decision makers, local actors and experts) to warrant that all the points of view are taken into account and to enable the risk managers to choose the appropriate strategy in case of an accident involving radioactive substances.
The area chosen for the pilot study is a 50 km radius territory around the nuclear sites of Tricastin-Pierrelatte in the lower valley of Rhône (France). One of the exploration questions of the PRIME project is whether a multicriteria method may be an appropriate tool to treat the data and make them visible and accessible for all the stakeholders
Annealing tests of in-pile irradiated oxide coated U–Mo/Al–Si dispersed nuclear fuel
No full textAuthors do acknowledge the MERARG team for their experimental work (CEA) and F. Charollais, J. Noirot and finally B. Kapusta for their advices and comments. This study was supported by a combined Grant (FRM0911) of the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) and the Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst (StMWFK).U–Mo/Al based nuclear fuels have been worldwide considered as a promising high density fuel for the conversion of high flux research reactors from highly enriched uranium to lower enrichment. In this paper, we present the annealing test up to 1800°C of in-pile irradiated U–Mo/Al–Si fuel plate samples. More than 70% of the fission gases (FGs) are released during two major FG release peaks around 500°C and 670°C. Additional characterisations of the samples by XRD, EPMA and SEM suggest that up to 500°C FGs are released from IDL/matrix interfaces. The second peak at 670°C representing the main release of FGs originates from the interaction between U–Mo and matrix in the vicinity of the cladding
Where are we with recruitment maneuvers in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome?
No full textReduction of tidal volume to limit plateau pressure currently is recommended for the ventilatory management of acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, sufficient evidence now exists to support the fact that excessive reduction in tidal volume may result in harmful alveolar derecruitment depending on the level at which positive end-expiratory pressure is set. The use of recruitment maneuvers has been proposed as an adjunctive lung-protective strategy to reverse low tidal volume-related derecruitment. Many questions remain regarding the basic physiologic principles of recruitment, and, therefore, the optimal way to perform recruitment maneuvers remains unknown. Moreover, apart from physiologic studies suggesting a potential benefit of recruitment maneuver in terms of recruitment and gas exchange, no data are yet available that demonstrate the ability of such a maneuver to improve outcome. In this article, we discuss the physiologic rules governing recruitment and derecruitment and review articles that provide new insights in the field of recruitment maneuver. Z9 2
From field studies to risk management: The SENSIB Project
No full textThe consequences for the man and the environment of the discharges of nuclear facilities depend on the importance and the nature of the discharges, but also on the environment which receives them. Thus, the impact of a pollution, which is expressed in term of toxicity, risk or economic consequences, varies according to the characteristics of the environment and the use of this environment by the man. The radioecological sensitivity can be defined as the response of the environment to a radioactive pollution. For a determined discharge, the higher is the response, the more sensitive is the environment. If all the ecosystems appear sensitive, their sensitivity does not concern the same criteria and it is currently difficult to compare these criteria between them. The idea of the SENSIB project is to create a standardized tool which makes it possible to represent and to compare with the same scale the sensitivity of various ecosystems. The SENSIB project aims to develop both a methodology to calculate sensitivity indexes and a radioecological sensitivity scale usable for risk management
Mercat de Serraparera, Cerdanyola del Vallès
No full textL’actual mercat de Serraparera es troba ubicat entre el Barri de Serraparera i el Barri de Banús de Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona. La tipologia edificaria del barri és d’edificis d’habitatges d’alçades que oscil•len de PB+5 a PB+12 ,amb planta baixa porxada majoritàriament.
De les dades i conclusions de l'estudi del lloc amb l'afany de resoldre la
reestructuració de l'àmbit del mercat i que el propi edifici doti d’aquesta permeabilitat al Barri, genera l’Edifici i projecte de remodelació del Mercat de Serraparera.
El nou Edifici resumeix quatre pautes bàsiques a seguir:
a- La permeabilitat del lloc, ambdós comunicació entre els Barris.
b- Les vies de comunicació, la separació del tràfic rodat amb el de vianants, els
aparcaments i el mercat exterior setmanal.
c- La configuració de les façanes en vers als edificis d’habitatges del costat.
d- La proximitat del consumidor amb el producte, l’acte de compra similar al del centre comercial, el servei de les grans superfícies
Trasformazione genetica mediata da P-DNA (plant-derived transfer DNA) e selezione di eventi "backbone-free" in Medicago truncatula
No full textMercat de Serraparera, Cerdanyola del Vallès
No full textL’actual mercat de Serraparera es troba ubicat entre el Barri de Serraparera i el Barri de Banús de Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona. La tipologia edificaria del barri és d’edificis d’habitatges d’alçades que oscil•len de PB+5 a PB+12 ,amb planta baixa porxada majoritàriament.
De les dades i conclusions de l'estudi del lloc amb l'afany de resoldre la
reestructuració de l'àmbit del mercat i que el propi edifici doti d’aquesta permeabilitat al Barri, genera l’Edifici i projecte de remodelació del Mercat de Serraparera.
El nou Edifici resumeix quatre pautes bàsiques a seguir:
a- La permeabilitat del lloc, ambdós comunicació entre els Barris.
b- Les vies de comunicació, la separació del tràfic rodat amb el de vianants, els
aparcaments i el mercat exterior setmanal.
c- La configuració de les façanes en vers als edificis d’habitatges del costat.
d- La proximitat del consumidor amb el producte, l’acte de compra similar al del centre comercial, el servei de les grans superfícies
Focus on acetabular fractures.
No full textPurpose!#!Decompressive hemicraniectomy (DC) has been established as a standard therapeutical procedure for raised intracranial pressure. However, the size of the DC remains unspecified. The aim of this study was to analyze size related complications following DC.!##!Methods!#!Between 2013 and 2019, 306 patients underwent DC for elevated intracranial pressure at author´s institution. Anteroposterior and craniocaudal DC size was measured according to the postoperative CT scans. Patients were divided into two groups with (1) exposed superior sagittal sinus (SE) and (2) without superior sagittal sinus exposure (SC). DC related complications e.g. shear-bleeding at the margins of craniectomy and secondary hydrocephalus were evaluated and compared.!##!Results!#!Craniectomy size according to anteroposterior diameter and surface was larger in the SE group; 14.1 ± 1 cm vs. 13.7 ± 1.2 cm, p = 0.003, resp. 222.5 ± 40 cm!##!Conclusions!#!Complete hemispheric exposure in terms of DC with SE was associated with significantly lower levels of iatrogenic shear-bleedings compared to a SC-surgical regime. Although we did not find significant outcome difference, our findings suggest aggressive craniectomy regimes including SE to constitute the surgical treatment strategy of choice for malignant intracranial pressure
Identifying the relationships between agronomic and radioecological variables using a crop model applied to lettuce
No full textInternational audienceThis research examines two common variables of radioecological computer codes for the land environment: crop yield (agronomic variable) and interception capacity (radioecological variable). The aim is to characterise their variability and bring to light any relationships between these variables and other input data for the transfer equation. The crop considered in this pilot study is field-grown lettuce, the most widely consumed variety of salad in France. The study is based on the crop model STICS developed by INRA, the French National Institute for Agricultural Research. STICS makes it possible to propose a daily follow up of the production of fresh biomass (yield) and the rate of vegetative cover, which has been linked with the interception capacity via the leaf area index. In our assessment of these variables, we were also able to account for the technical practices used to cultivate lettuce as well as the regional variations in agricultural conditions. The results obtained enable quantifying the relationships between growth time and yield at maturity and between the interception capacity and the development of lettuce. © 2008 Asian Network for Scientific Information
Iniciativas y tendencias de la edición electrónica de la literatura científica: Acceso abierto (open access)
No full textElectronic publishing implies a change in the traditional publishing chain, for such concepts as storage and distribution of the scholarly article, going as it does from the physical to the digital archive, and affecting all processes in between. We will deal with the new trends in electronic publishing of scholarly journals, from the many and varied projects and initiatives of Open Access and Free Access. Regarding the letter, we shall speak about Open Access directories and repositories ( Open Archive Initiative) available on the Internet.
When we speak of electronic publishing of scholarly journals, same points need to be clarified: 1) journals born under the Open Access model, 2) journals that combine commercial distribution with a temporary embargo period before their free distribution over the Internet.
We shall see that the advantages outnumber the drawbacks with this new publishing policy and it will be the researchers themselves who must adapt to the cultural changes involved in this new form of publishing their works.
The articles concludes with an analysis of how publishers, information distributors and libraries have been obliged to modify their systems of publishing, distribution and management of information
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