3,535 research outputs found
2D Navier–Stokes equation with cylindrical fractional Brownian noise
No full textWe consider the Navier–Stokes equation on the 2D torus, with a stochastic forcing term which is a cylindrical fractional Wiener noise of Hurst parameter H . Following Albeverio and Ferrario (Ann Probab 32(2):1632–1649, 2004) and Da Prato and Debussche (J Funct Anal 196(1):180–210, 2002) which dealt with the case H = 1/2 , we prove a local existence
and uniqueness result when 7/16< H < 1/2 and a global existence and uniqueness result when 1/2 < H < 1
Regional Redistribution and Risk Sharing in Italy: The Role of Different Tiers of Government
No full textArachi G., Ferrario C. and Zanardi A. Regional redistribution and risk sharing in Italy: the role of different tiers of government, Regional Studies. This paper provides estimates of the redistribution and risk sharing across regional jurisdictions accomplished by the public sector in Italy. In this analysis the multi-level structure of the Italian government and the financial relations which link the different tiers of government are explicitly considered. Using panel data for the period 1996-2002, it is found that public policies in Italy significantly reduce differences in per-capita gross domestic product across regions. However, the public budget, far from providing insurance against idiosyncratic shocks, greatly emphasizes income fluctuations across regions. [image omitted] Arachi G., Ferrario C. et Zanardi A. La redistribution regionale et le partage des risques en Italie: le role des divers niveaux d'administration, Regional Studies. Cet article cherche a fournir des estimations de la redistribution et du partage des risques a travers des circonscriptions d'action regionale et realises par le secteur public italien. Cette analyse approfondit la structure a niveaux multiples de l'administration italienne et examine ouvertement les rapports financiers qui relient les divers niveaux d'administration. A partir des donnees provenant des enquetes permanentes pour la periode de 1996 a 2002, il s'avere que les politiques publiques en Italie reduisent sensiblement les ecarts du PIB regional par tete. Cependant, les depenses publiques, loin de fournir une protection contre des chocs particuliers, soulignent les fluctuations du revenu a travers les regions. Politique fiscale Redistribution Partage des risques Rapports entre les niveaux d'administration Regions Arachi G., Ferrario C. und Zanardi A. Regionale Umverteilung und Risikoteilung in Italien: die Rolle der verschiedenen Regierungsebenen, Regional Studies. In diesem Beitrag schatzen wir das Ausmass der Umverteilung und Risikoteilung zwischen verschiedenen regionalen Rechtsprechungsgebieten des offentlichen Sektors in Italien. Ausdrucklich in der Analyse berucksichtigt werden die mehrschichtige Struktur der italienischen Regierung sowie die finanziellen Beziehungen, die die verschiedenen Regierungsebenen miteinander verbinden. Anhand von Paneldaten fur den Zeitraum von 1996 bis 2002 stellen wir fest, dass die offentlichen Politiken in Italien die Unterschiede des Pro-Kopf-BIP zwischen den Regionen signifikant verringern. Im offentlichen Haushalt werden die Einkommensfluktuationen innerhalb der Regionen jedoch stark betont, statt eine Absicherung gegen idiosynkratische Storungen zu gewahrleisten. Steuerpolitik Umverteilung Risikoteilung Beziehungen zwischen Regierungen Regionen Arachi G., Ferrario C. y Zanardi A. Redistribucion regional y riesgo compartido en Italia: el rol de los diferentes niveles de gobierno, Regional Studies. En este articulo ofrecemos las estimaciones de la redistribucion y el riesgo compartido en varias jurisdicciones regionales del sector publico en Italia. En este analisis se consideran expresamente la estructura multinivel del gobierno italiano y las relaciones financieras vinculadas a los diferentes estratos de gobierno. Con ayuda de datos de panel para el periodo 1996-2002 observamos que las politicas publicas en Italia reducen considerablemente las diferencias entre los niveles del PIB per capita en las regiones. Sin embargo, en el presupuesto publico, lejos de ofrecer un seguro contra los choques idiosincrasicos, se acentuan en gran medida las fluctuaciones de ingresos en las regiones. Politica fiscal Redistribucion Riesgo compartido Relaciones intergubernamentales RegionesFiscal policy, Redistribution, Risk sharing, Inter-governmental relations, Regions,
Interregional and interpersonal redistribution
No full textPublic expenditure and public transfers may address people (personal programmes) or places (territorial programmes), the latter often pursue the territorial redistribution of resources, especially in countries characterised by a significant economic divide, different fiscal capacities and polarised levels of economic development. This paper is conversely interested in the territorial redistributive power of personal public expenditure programmes, that is of public programmes that allocate resources among individuals on the basis of “socio-demographic” features, as opposed to programmes allocating resources across territories according to “territorial” features. Methodologically, this paper develops a case study to better investigate this theoretical issue: it compares the degree of interregional redistribution accomplished in Italy in 1999-2010 by a selection of expenditure programmes with the one that would arise if those expenditure programmes were driven by socio-demographic criteria only. Making use of a regression approach, first we simulate the distribution of total expenditure for each programme across regional territories if these programmes were allocated neglecting the territorial structure and territorial related criteria. Further we use regional fiscal residua to contrast interregional redistribution accomplished by the public budget in two different scenarios. The first scenario is based on actual public expenditure and receipt, while the second makes use of values of expenditure simulated under the hypothesis that only socio-demographic criteria are significant for the distribution of total expenditure across regions. Results show that overall interregional redistribution slightly declines when shifting from actual expenditure to the simulated personal distribution of expenditure, and that this result holds for most public programmes. However, results clearly disclose that even when resources were distributed according to socio-demographic criteria only, public programmes still produce a significant level of territorial redistribution in a country characterised by a stark interregional economic divide, as Italy is
Riflessioni sull’autonomia finanziaria dei comuni italiani
No full textReflections on Italian local governments’ fiscal authonomy Italian local governments’ fiscal authonomy since the early 1990s heavily relied on the local tax on immovable property (ICI – imposta comunale sugli immobili). Local governments’ fiscal authonomy in the last 25 years however has not developed linearily, but has suffered from various pressures and reforms often prompted by other and different concerns and priorities. Hence local governments’fiscal authonomy has been affected by three main processes. First the wider development of the process of fiscal decentralisation in Italy, second political concerns for the reduction of fiscal pressure, and finally the wider economic developments, in particular the economic and financial crisis of 2008 and the related problems of public budget balance and growth of the Italian public debt. The purpose of this paper is to anayse the pillars of local governments’ fiscal authonomy, starting with local governments’ tax on immovable property, and then analysing other sources of financing such as special contributions, ear-marked taxes and urban development charges (oneri di urbanizzazione) with reference also to the tool of partecipatory budgeting
Genome analysis of Lactococcus garvieae
No full textLactococcus garvieae is a pathogen that causes septicemia in fish and serious damage to fish aquaculture worldwide (Vendrell et al., 2006). This pathogen has also been found in domestic animals, in humans associated with different tissue infections (Li et al., 2008) and in various food matrices, as artisanal cheeses, meat, vegetables and cereals, sometimes as a major component (Fortina et al., 2003; Ferrario et al., 2012). Despite its widespread distribution and emerging clinical significance, little is known about the genetic content of this microorganism.
Recently, a molecular polyphasic approach comprising PCR-rybotyping, REP and RAPD-PCR analyses and MLRT revealed high variability, with the separation of L. garvieae population in two independent genomic lineages, not entirely coherent with the strains niche of isolation (Ferrario et al., 2012).
In order to improve our knowledge about the genetic heterogeneity within the species, we performed the genome sequencing of two strains, representative of the two main genomic lineages previously obtained, using a whole-genome shotgun strategy with an Illumina Genome Analyzer Hiseq 1000. These strains revealed similar genome size (2,014,328 and 2,087,705 bases) a similar number of predicted genes (about 2,000 CDSs and 42 tRNAs) and similar G+C content (38.3%). The newly sequenced genomes and the genomes of five L. garvieae strains already available in databases, were used for subsequent analyses. The seven strains belong to different Sequence Types (ST), as determined from recent Multi Locus Sequence Type (MLST) studies and, likely, represent the genetic diversity of the L. garvieae species.
The information derived from the comparison of the seven genomes suggested that this species can be described by its “pan-genome”, which includes a core genome containing genes present in all strains and a “dispensable” genome. The latter is composed of genes absent from one or more strains and genes that are unique to each strain, such as genes involved in sucrose and lactose fermentation. It is interesting to note that gene clusters involved in exopolysaccharide/capsule biosynthesis, correlated to pathogenicity in fish, were part of dispensable genome, and were only present in some strains, among those isolated from fish. Aside from the capsule gene clusters, we identified other possible virulence genes, as candidate genes encoding haemolysins and cell surface adhesins. For these potential virulence factors we carried out Real-time quantitative PCR experiments to evaluate their differential expression in conditions simulating environmental colonization and infection sites.
Many shared genes fall into the class of hypothetical proteins and protein of unknown function, suggesting that many aspects of basic L. garvieae biology still need to be explored
Aging e migrazioni: la “ragnatela” dei nuovi residenti dalle città alle Aree Interne
No full textLo studio presenta i risultati preliminari di un lavoro di ricerca più ampio sul tema del fenomeno migratorio e dei suoi processi di territorializzazione. L’Italia si trova ad affrontare il rapido invecchiamento della popolazione, che se da un lato rileva il positivo l’aumento dell’aspettativa di vita dall’altro evidenzia bassi livelli di natalità. Secondo l’Istat (2024a) la speranza di vita nel 2023 è stata stimata intorno agli 80,6 anni per gli uomini e 85,1 per le donne, mentre la natalità è scesa sotto le 400mila unità. In questo contesto, le migrazioni possono giocare un ruolo importante poiché l’arrivo di migranti in età attiva con una maggiore propensione a fare figli, non solo potrebbe mitigare in parte il calo della popolazione, ma garantire la rivitalizzazione economica e sociale. L’articolo analizza il rapporto tra invecchiamento e mobilità residenziale dagli stranieri in quei territori definiti “Aree Interne” (Strategia Nazionale per le Aree Interne, SNAI, istituita dall’articolo 1 della legge di stabilità 2014 n. 147/2013). Partendo dalla riflessione sulle relazioni tra territori periferici e contesti urbani lo studio si concentra sui temi dell’invecchiamento, della mobilità e del capitale umano e sociale
Título: Il Costume antico e moderno di tutti i popoli
No full textv. 1-3: Della Grecia /Gironi, R; v. 4: Dell'impero Ottomano, Degli Slavi moderni /Magnetti, C.; v. 5: Degli Etruschi /Magnetti, C. , Dei Romani /Levati, A.; v. 6: Della Spagna e del Portogallo /Gironi, R., Dei Francesi /Ferrario, G.; v. 7 t. 1: Delle Isole britanniche /Levati, A., Su la Scandinavia /[Ferrario, G. ?]; v. 7 t. 2: Degli Ungheresi /Rossi, F., Della Russia europea, Sulla Polonia, L'Olanda /Ferrario, G.; v. 8 (3 t.): Costume degl'Italiani /[Ferrario, G. ?]; v. 9 t. 1: Degli Svizzeri /Levati, A., Degli antichi Germani /Bossi, L.; v. 9 t. 2: Della Germania /[Bossi, L. ?]; v. 10: Storia ed analisi degli antichi romanzi di cavalleria /Ferrario, G
From new public management to public risk management: an overview of Italian municipalities
No full textSince the early 1990s, New Public Management has influenced the management of organizations in the public sector that have implemented managerial behaviors increasingly similar to those of the private sector.
More recently there have been claims that also Risk management should be implemented in the public sector. In light of the above, this research aims to understand if and how Italian municipalities perform risk management practices. The analysis focuses on a sample of 502 large municipalities (in terms of population) distributed in all Italian regions and develops a quali-quantitative approach – departing from a qualitative content analysis based on documents published in the municipalities official websites. The main results are that a significant percentage of municipalities are performing risk management and that in this they display a significant isomorphic behavior
Mobilità e flussi demografici nelle aree in transizione del Piemonte orientale
No full textIl Piemonte orientale è condizionato da alcuni significativi fenomeni demografici, con effetti sul welfare e sull’assetto produttivo. L’invecchiamento e la denatalità rivestono un ruolo importante per la loro forte interdipendenza con il sistema sociale e quello economico. Anche l’immigrazione esercita un peso rilevante sull’assetto della popolazione
La Nuova Via della Seta: relazioni e opportunità per il Kazakistan
No full textDa quando, più di sei anni fa, è stata proposta la Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) molti stati asiatici, europei, mediorientali e africani hanno progettato e attuato diversi accordi multilaterali con la Cina tra i quali possiamo annoverare quello di integrazione dei programmi “Nurly Zhol” e BRI.
Il Kazakistan è la più grande economia dell’Asia centrale e la sua importanza economica e politica è accresciuta, negli ultimi venticinque anni grazie a diversi fattori, quali la strategica posizione geografica tra Russia e Cina, le riserve di idrocarburi localizzate nella zona del Mar Caspio, le ricchezze minerarie terrestri, il ruolo di leader assunto verso le altre repubbliche dell’Asia centrale e le intense relazioni con le grandi potenze mondiali (Cina, Russia, Stati Uniti ed Unione europea).
Attraverso l’armonizzazione delle rispettive iniziative i due paesi hanno individuato le principali direzioni su cui operare. Essi, infatti, danno priorità ai trasporti, alla logistica, all’indu¬stria, all’energia, alle esportazioni agricole, all’istruzione, alla valorizzazione del capitale umano e al sostegno alle imprese. Di particolare importanza per l’Unione Europea e per il nostro Paese sono la creazione dei corridoi di trasporto “Cina-Kazakistan-Russia-Europa occidentale” e “Cina-Kazaki¬stan-Caucaso meridionale/Turchia-Europa” all’interno proprio della Belt and Road Initiative. Il contributo propone alcune riflessioni di natura qualitativa e quantitativa sui cambiamenti avve¬nuti nel Paese negli ultimi anni con particolare attenzione alle strategie di integrazione e sviluppo della BRI e dei possibili rapporti di collaborazione con l’UE
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