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Conclusioni
No full textWhile in other archaeologies the concept of culture has been heavily criticized, in Italian Bronze Age studies the terms “cultura” and facies continue to be frequently used, even interchangeably. Little debate exists about their use and interpretation, although often implicitly these typological entities are considered true historical agents. This volume aimed for a state of the art of these concepts in Italian Bronze Age studies. Italian specialists of Protohistory explicitly discussed here the use and interpretation of facies and “culture” in their region, or within their field of expertise. In this conclusion, we attempt to distinguish a leitmotiv in their opinions. There is general consensus about the fact that the concepts of facies and culture can be used as heuristic instruments to bring order into the large amount of archaeological data of the Italian Bronze Age, although it is clear that other non-typological techniques should be more frequently involved to document underlying variability: archaeometry and experimental archaeology, GIS and network analyses, DNA-analyses, etc. Many authors see facies as typological entities, whereas cultures include also other elements. Most authors emphasise that facies and cultures cannot simply be interpreted as past human groups. They do not reflect identities, but rather indicate different interactions between groups and individuals. Bronze Age people were most probably not aware of the distribution of types of which a facies is composed, but could use one or more of these elements to construct their identities
Facies e culture nell’età del Bronzo italiana? La prospettiva di un cambiamento
No full textThese conclusive considerations aim to identify possible changes of perspective in the identification of Bronze Age communities, which are until now often described by the use of the terms facies and “culture”. We first reflect upon the question to which extent a limited set of archaeological remains – often the only category of available information from the past – enables us to answer such questions. There are indeed doubts if during the Bronze Age “archaeological cultures” existed and whether these are comparable
to the ethnic groups of historical times. Was the awareness of being a member of a “people” already so outspoken during the Bronze Age? If we critically reconsider the traditional narratives of Bronze Age settlement patterns – seen as stable groups that were organised in territories with a “centre” and mutable periphery, we can also adopt different methods of classification at different scales of analysis. By means of an interdisciplinary set of methods and theory, we will be able to gradually better evaluate continuity and changes in the way ancient communities represented themselves and how they interacted and moved during the Bronze Age
VINCI G., TASCA G., VICENZUTTO D. 2019, Spunti per la definizione della variabilità archeologica nell’età del Bronzo del Caput Adriae tra pianura friulana e Carso, in DANCKERS J., CAVAZZUTI C., CATTANI M. (a cura di), Facies e culture nell’età del Bronzo italiana?, Serie Artes, 11, Roma-Bruxelles.
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Presupposti teorici e metodi operativi per l’identificazione delle caratteristiche delle comunità dell’età del Bronzo in Italia settentrionale
No full textIn the debate about culture and facies, the discussion focuses almost exclusively on the problem of their effectiveness in historical representation or on the inability to define their limits or characteristics. Can we accept an abstract configuration of facies by refusing to define their social and anthropological characteristics or can we imagine a better representation of them by dealing with the adopted methodologies and techniques of analysis?
This paper presents an overview of the techniques and methods applicable to the analysis of cultural aspects and how the various aggregations of Bronze Age communities can be represented. After a discussion of the assumptions that help us to define the social organisation and the relationship between communities, resources and territory, we face the most useful methods to find the interactions between settlements or between regions with similar characteristics. Taking into consideration the techniques of spatial analysis and the classification of archaeological markers, a methodology for recognising cultural groups, based on GIS and databases, is proposed, which allow us to identify the collective memory and the heritage of each aggregation of individuals. With these methods it appears more effective to be able to discuss the role and meaning of facies, cultures and other possible social and economic aggregations, starting from the archaeological documentation
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