246 research outputs found

    The Italian quick survey on the effects of the COVID-19 health emergency on businesses: sampling strategy and data editing

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    During the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, Istat performed the quick survey “Situation and perspectives of Italian enterprises during the COVID-19 health emergency,” with the aim of assessing the economic situation and the specific actions adopted by businesses to reduce the economic impacts of the emergency. To ensure the continuity in the information flow and to analyze the temporal evolution of the observed phenomena, the survey has been repeated in three different waves. The outcomes of each wave was released just after 2 months from the launch of the survey. The present work analyses the characteristics of the sampling strategy and describes the complexity of the data editing process, in the case of a survey planned to produce estimates able to ensure an acceptable level of accuracy in the maximum timeliness

    L'Afrodite accovacciata tipo Doidalses da S. Casciano dei Bagni

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    L'articolo analizza una copia romana poco nota dell'Afrodite tipo Doidalses, conservata nell'impianto termale di San Casciano ai Bagni (Siena). Le problematiche relative all'originale sono revisionate alla luce dei più recenti contributi bibliografici ed è stilato un aggiornato elenco delle repliche

    The immune response to tumors as a tool toward immunotherapy

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    Until recently cancer medical therapy was limited to chemotherapy that could not differentiate cancer cells from normal cells. More recently with the remarkable mushroom of immunology, newer tools became available, resulting in the novel possibility to attack cancer with the specificity of the immune system. Herein we will review some of the recent achievement of immunotherapy in such aggressive cancers as melanoma, prostatic cancer, colorectal carcinoma, and hematologic malignancies. Immunotherapy of tumors has developed several techniques: immune cell transfer, vaccines, immunobiological molecules such as monoclonal antibodies that improve the immune responses to tumors. This can be achieved by blocking pathways limiting the immune response, such as CTLA-4 or Tregs. Immunotherapy may also use cytokines especially proinflammatory cytokines to enhance the activity of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) derived from tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). The role of newly discovered cytokines remains to be investigated. Alternatively, an other mechanism consists in enhancing the expression of TAAs on tumor cells. Finally, monoclonal antibodies may be used to target oncogenes
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