2,665 research outputs found
Zur Entwicklung der Strukturmerkmale des sozialen Selbstkonzepts bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zwischen acht und fuenfzehn Jahren
No full textFrielingsdorf-Appelt C. Zur Entwicklung der Strukturmerkmale des sozialen Selbstkonzepts bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zwischen acht und fuenfzehn Jahren. Bielefeld; 1982
SOFIA: an automated security oracle for black-box testing of SQL-injection vulnerabilities
No full textSecurity testing is a pivotal activity in engineering secure software. It consists of two phases: generating attack inputs to test the system, and assessing whether test executions expose any vulnerabilities. The latter phase is known as the security oracle problem.
In this work, we present SOFIA, a Security Oracle for SQL-Injection Vulnerabilities. SOFIA is programming-language and source-code independent, and can be used with various attack generation tools. Moreover, because it does not rely on known attacks for learning, SOFIA is meant to also detect types of SQLi attacks that might be unknown at learning time. The oracle challenge is recast as a one-class classification problem where we learn to characterise legitimate SQL statements to accurately distinguish them from SQLi attack statements.
We have carried out an experimental validation on six applications, among which two are large and widely-used. SOFIA was used to detect real SQLi vulnerabilities with inputs generated by three attack generation tools. The obtained results show that SOFIA is computationally fast and achieves a recall rate of 100% (i.e., missing no attacks) with a low false positive rate (0.6%)
Herpes simplex virus interferes with amyloid precursor protein processing
No full textBackground
The early events underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain uncertain, although environmental factors may be involved. Work in this laboratory has shown that the combination of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) in brain and carriage of the APOE-ε4 allele of the APOE gene strongly increases the risk of developing AD. The development of AD is thought to involve abnormal aggregation or deposition of a 39–43 amino acid protein – β amyloid (Aβ) – within the brain. This is cleaved from the much larger transmembranal protein 'amyloid precursor protein' (APP). Any agent able to interfere directly with Aβ or APP metabolism may therefore have the capacity to contribute towards AD. One recent report showed that certain HSV1 glycoprotein peptides may aggregate like Aβ; a second study described a role for APP in transport of virus in squid axons. However to date the effects of acute herpesvirus infection on metabolism of APP in human neuronal-type cells have not been investigated. In order to find if HSV1 directly affects APP and its degradation, we have examined this protein from human neuroblastoma cells (normal and transfected with APP 695) infected with the virus, using Western blotting.
Results
We have found that acute HSV1 (and also HSV2) infection rapidly reduces full length APP levels – as might be expected – yet surprisingly markedly increases levels of a novel C-terminal fragment of APP of about 55 kDa. This band was not increased in cells treated with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide
Conclusion
Herpes virus infection leads to rapid loss of full length APP from cells, yet also causes increased levels of a novel 55 kDa C-terminal APP fragment. These data suggest that infection can directly alter the processing of a transmembranal protein intimately linked to the aetiology of AD
QUANTITATIVE METHODS IN RADIATION ONCOLOGY: MODELS, TRIALS AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES
No full textPresentation to the 2022 ESTRO Teaching School Presentation December 4-7, in Lisbon, Portugal.
Course Director:
Søren M. Bentzen (USA)
Faculty:
Ane L. Appelt (UK)
C. David Fuller (USA)
Johannes A. Langendijk (NL)
Jens Petersen (DK)
Ivan R. Vogelius</p
Keynes' Theory of the Interest Rate: A Critical Approach
No full textJohn M. Keynes – the author of General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money – assumed that the interest rate is the price which brings into equilibrium the desire to hold wealth in cash with the supply of cash resources, and the reward for parting with liquidity at the same time. He indicated liquidity preference as the key element of the theory of the demand for money, whereas the supply of money is a discretionary factor, i.e. depending on the policy pursued by monetary authorities. It has been proven that such an approach comes with at least three errors: inconsistency in defining the rate of interest, vicious circle in arguing and departure from the economics of value for functional adequacies
Age-dependent regulation of tumor-related microRNAs in the brain of the annual fish Nothobranchius furzeri.
No full textMicroRNAs are regulators of gene expression. We used miRNA-seq by the Illumina platform to quantify and compare the temporal miRNA expression profiles in the brain of a short-lived (GRZ) and a longer-lived strain (MZM) of the annual fish Nothobranchius furzeri. We used fuzzy-c-means clustering to group miRNAs with similar profiles. In MZM, we found tumor suppressors with known negative interactions with MYC and/or positive interactions with TP53 among up-regulated miRNAs (e.g. miR-23a, miR-26a/b, miR-29a/b and miR-101a) in aged animals. Conversely, we found oncogenes which are MYC targets among down-regulated miRNAs (miR-7a, members of miR cluster 17∼92). These latter were previously shown to be regulated in human replicative aging. In addition, three regulated miRNAs (miR-181c, miR-29a and miR-338) are known to be age-regulated and to globally contribute to regulation of their targets in the human brain. Therefore, there appears to be a degree of evolutionarily conservation in age-dependent miRNA expression between humans and N. furzeri. GRZ showed specific regulation of some miRNAs, notably a marked up-regulation of miR-124, a miRNA important for neuronal differentiation. The two strains differ in their miRNA expression profiles already at sexual maturity. Short lifespan in GRZ could therefore be - at least partially - due to dysregulated miRNA expression
Analysis of interactions between biomolecules and their ligands
No full textIn dieser Arbeit werden Interaktionen auf molekularer Ebene mittels eines Biosensors, einer Quarzkristallmikrowaage analysiert. Bei den experimentell genutzten Interaktionsmolekülen handelt es sich beim ersten Paar um Cyclophilin A und
Cyclosporin A und beim Zweiten um Anti-c-Myc und c-Myc. Die Sensoroberflächen können definiert modifiziert werden. Unter Verwendung des Biotin-Avidin-Systems werden Affinitäten in Echtzeit ermittelt und die Sensoren für weitere
Echtzeitmesszyklen regeneriert. Dieses Analyseverfahren soll im Vergleich zu einer vielzahl anderer Verfahren durch seine Zeit-, Kosten- und Materialersparnis beeindrucken und den Wunsch nach Weiterentwicklung vorantreiben
Chlamydia pneumoniae induces Alzheimer-like amyloid plaques in brains of BALB/c mice
No full textAmyloid deposits resembling plaques found in Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD) brains were formed in the brains of non-transgenic BALB/c mice following intranasal infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae. The mice were infected at 3 months of age with C. pneumoniae isolated from an AD brain. Infection was confirmed by light and electron microscopy in olfactory tissues of the mice. C. pneumoniae was still evident in these tissues 3 months after the initial infection indicating that a persistent infection had been established. Amyloid beta (Aß) 1-42 immunoreactive deposits were identified in the brains of infected BALB/c mice up to 3 months post-infection with the density, size, and number of deposits increasing as the infection progressed. A subset of deposits exhibited thioflavin-s labeling. Intracellular Aß1-42 labeling was observed in neuronal cells. Experimental induction of amyloid deposition in brains of non-transgenic BALB/c mice following infection with C. pneumoniae may be a useful model for furthering our understanding of mechanisms, linked to infection, involved in the initiation of the pathogenesis of sporadic AD
Reactions of an Al–P-Based Frustrated Lewis Pair with Carbonyl Compounds: Dynamic Coordination of Benzaldehyde, Activation of Benzoyl Chloride, and Al–C Bond Cleavage with Benzamide
No full textTreatment of the Al/P-based frustrated
Lewis pair (FLP) Mes2PC(CHPh)Al(CMe3)2 (1) with benzaldehyde afforded the adduct 2 with a five-membered
AlCPCO heterocycle. The carbonyl oxygen atom is bound to aluminum
and the carbonyl carbon atom to phosphorus. 2 is dynamic
in solution at room temperature, which results in a fast equilibration
of the enantiomeric molecules by cleavage of the P–C and fast
rotation about the Al–O bond. Benzoyl chloride and 1 yielded three products (3–5). Quinoid
structures were formed by C–Cl bond activation, chlorine abstraction,
and loss of aromaticity in the benzoyl phenyl group. Alkylation of
the p-C atom by an AlCMe3 group completed
the transformation and resulted concomitantly in the formation of
derivatives with Al–Cl bonds. The complexes may be described
as a ketene molecule coordinated to FLP 1. Benzamide
reacted as a proton donor and gave cleavage of the Al–C bond
to the vinylic carbon atom of 1. An alkenylphosphine,
Mes2PC(H)C(H)CMe3, and a dinuclear amidate
complex with two dialkylaluminum groups bridged by two chelating ligands
were isolated
ITCOLE Project: designing innovative technology for collaborative learning and knowledge building
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