659 research outputs found
Deuterium retention in dense and disordered nanostructured tungsten coatings
No full textA systematic and attentive comparison of the deuterium (D) retention in tungsten (W) coatings with different nano-crystalline structures after the plasma exposure in comparison with polycrystalline tungsten (PCW) is presented. While a wide database is available for PCW, only a few data about the D retention in coatings with different structures exist. The D retention in W coatings produced by three different deposition techniques on different substrates was studied with respect to the influence of (a) coating crystallite size, (b) coating thickness, (c) specimen temperature during D plasma exposure, (d) presence of argon (Ar) used as working gas during the coating deposition and (e) substrate material. It is shown that the variation of the processing parameters, such as temperature, deposition rate, Ar implantation, etc. even within one deposition method results in different grain size distributions and structure of coating and has a significant effect on the D retention. It is revealed that the substrate material and the presence of Ar in a coating play a minor role in the D retention in the coating. It is shown that both the D concentration and the D retention in coatings drastically increase with decreasing the grain size. Consequently, in the case of using of W coating as a protective layer of a structural material, a compromise in the development of nanostructured tungsten films is necessary to keep the hydrogen isotope concentration at an acceptable level
Coopération culturelle entre scène nationale et établissement scolaire : quelles modalités et quels impacts pour la mise en œuvre d’un projet d’éducation artistique et culturelle ?
No full textThis Master’s thesis, supervised by Séverine Ruset at the University of Grenoble Alpes, examines cultural cooperation between a national performing arts centre (the MC2 in Grenoble) and schools for the implementation of arts and cultural education (ACE) projects. This research is based on a six-month internship in the MC2’s public relations department. The author carried out participant observation and conducted interviews with three mediation officers and three teachers to analyse the methods of project preparation and evaluation.The study draws on the concepts of cultural mediation, cultural rights and ACE, and provides an overview of national and local ACE schemes.It shows that “cultural cooperation” truly emerges when the project is not offered as a turnkey package but is co-constructed by the public relations officer and the teacher. However, the study highlights key obstacles—funding, territorial inequalities and administrative complexity—and concludes that integrating cultural cooperation into project planning requires shared commitment and stronger institutional recognition.Ce mémoire de Master 2, dirigé par Séverine Ruset à l’Université Grenoble Alpes, étudie la coopération culturelle entre une scène nationale (la MC2 de Grenoble) et les établissements scolaires pour la mise en oeuvre de projets d’éducation artistique et culturelle (EAC). Ce travail de recherche s’appuie sur un stage de six mois au service des relations avec les publics de la MC2. L’auteur a mené une observation participante et réalisé des entretiens avec trois chargées de médiation et trois enseignantes afin d’analyser les modalités de préparation et d’évaluation des projets.Le travail mobilise les concepts de médiation culturelle, de droits culturels et d’EAC, et propose un état des lieux des dispositifs nationaux et locaux de l’EAC.Il montre que la "coopération culturelle" émerge lorsque le projet n’est pas proposé « clé en main » mais co-construit par le ou la chargé·e de relations et l’enseignant·e. Cependant, l’étude souligne les obstacles — financement, inégalités territoriales et lourdeur administrative — et conclut que l’intégration de la coopération culturelle dans la préparation des projets requiert un investissement partagé et une reconnaissance institutionnelle renforcée
Industrial scale 10 um W coating of CFC tiles for the ITER-like Wall project at JET
No full textAs a result of the R&D phase of the ITER-like Wall Project, combined magnetron sputtering and ion implantation (CMSII) technique was selected for 10 mu m W coating of approx. 1000 CFC tiles for the new JET first wall. This technique involves simultaneous magnetron sputtering and high energy ion bombardment. A high voltage pulse discharge is superposed over the magnetron deposition and by this way positive ions are accelerated, bombarding initially the substrate and then the coating itself during its growth. Based on this method, industrial equipment with a deposition chamber of Phi 800 mm x 750 mm and 24 magnetrons was designed, manufactured and commissioned. The coating productivity is about 1 m(2)/week. Tungsten coatings with a thickness of up to 17 mu m and multilayer structures Mo/W/Mo/W with a thickness of similar to 25 mu m were produced and successfully tested at 100 pulses of 16.5 MW/m(2) for 1.5 s. (C) 2008 C. Ruset. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Les auteurs dramatiques anglais contemporains à l’épreuve des pratiques collaboratives
No full textBien que la figure de l’auteur demeure investie d’une forte autorité dans le théâtre anglais contemporain, qui accorde traditionnellement une place de choix aux nouvelles écritures dramatiques, elle se trouve ébranlée depuis le début du xxie siècle par un accroissement notable des pratiques collaboratives. Fondé sur une analyse des discours des dramaturges sur leur rôle (tel qu’il leur échoit mais aussi tel qu’ils le revendiquent), l’article examine comment ces évolutions influent sur le statut des auteurs au sein du monde du théâtre anglais, ou plus précisément sur le système de reconnaissance et de valorisation dans lequel ils s’inscrivent et dont ils contribuent à refaçonner les contours par leurs prises de position. Il s’intéresse notamment au développement d’une posture collaborative, particulièrement manifeste dans la volonté, exprimée par un nombre croissant d’auteurs, sinon de se démettre de leur autorité, du moins de la partager davantage, non seulement avec leurs collaborateurs artistiques, mais également avec les spectateurs.Although the figure of the author remains retains significant authority in contemporary English theatre, which traditionally accords a place of choice to new dramatic writing, it has been undermined since the early 21st century by a notable increase in collaborative practices. Founded on an analysis of playwrights’ discourses regarding their role (as it falls to them, but also as they lay claim to it), this article examines how these evolutions affect the status of authors within the English theatre world or, more precisely, the recognition and valorization system they belong to and whose outlines they help reshape through their positions. It focuses, notably, on the development of a collaborative stance that is particularly evident in the will expressed by a growing number of authors not to relinquish their authority, but to share it a bit more, at least, with both their artistic collaborators and the spectators
Les intermittents en scènes : un conflit social hors norme ?
No full textJournée d’étude organisée par Bérénice Hamidi-Kim, MCF Etudes Théâtrales, Université Lyon 2, Laboratoire Passages XX-XXI, dans le cadre du projet ARC 5 « « Nouvelles » organisations du travail en compagnie : quelles possibilités pour le spectacle vivant ? » co-dirigé avec Séverine Ruset, Université Stendhal Grenoble 3. </p
Failed representations of the heavenly Jerusalem in la Queste Del Saint Graal
No full textHistorically and socially the medieval city has been described as the place where merchants and bankers prospered, while the castle of the city has often been perceived as an administrative centre, supervising urban activities. However, in medieval romances a city is only an appendix of a castle, and is always supported by and reliant on it. In La Queste del Saint Graal the most important cities are Camelot, Corbenic and Sarras, as the sites where the Grail is seen, only to be taken away afterwards.
In this article the author wants to discuss these cities, and she will focus on the way these urban spaces are structured in order to favour knightly, as well as spiritual, pursuits. The importance of the castle and of its chapel will be underlined, as these castles are places where significant events, in connection with the Quest, occur. The author starts from the 21st chapter of the Revelation when analysing the physical structure of the Heavenly City, and from Saint Augustine’s work De Civitate Dei, when highlighting the spiritual features of the City of God. Norman John Greville Pounds’ insightful study on the life in The Medieval City will be used to discuss the medieval realities and to see their importance for the highly spiritualised events illustrated in La Queste.
Although, all these cities are blessed by divine grace – since Camelot is the place where the Holy Grail feeds all the knights, Sarras is repeatedly called the “spiritual palace”, and Jesus Christ shows Himself in the Holy Grail at Corbenic – it will be argued that none of these places can attain the flawlessness and the brilliance to emblematize the Heavenly City. Searching for an alternative location, which would fulfil better the requirements entailed by such a deeply religious image, the author suggests the wilderness, which is a complementary material space, where Jesus Christ can also be physically encountered
Erosion and deposition in the JET divertor during the second ILW campaign
No full textErosion of plasma-facing materials and successive transport and redeposition of eroded material are crucial processes determining the lifetime of plasma-facing components and the trapped tritium inventory in redeposited material layers. Erosion and deposition in the JET divertor were studied during the second JET ITER-like wall campaign ILW-2 in 2013-2014 by using a poloidal row of specially prepared divertor marker tiles including the tungsten bulk tile 5. The marker tiles were analyzed using elastic backscattering with 3-4.5 MeV incident protons and nuclear reaction analysis using 0.8-4.5 MeV He-3 ions before and after the campaign. The erosion/deposition pattern observed during ILW-2 is qualitatively comparable to the first campaign ILW-1 in 2011-2012: deposits consist mainly of beryllium with 5-20 at.% of carbon and oxygen and small amounts of Ni and W. The highest deposition with deposited layer thicknesses up to 30 mu m per campaign is still observed on the upper and horizontal parts of the inner divertor. Outer divertor tiles 5, 6, 7 and 8 are net W erosion areas. The observed D inventory is roughly comparable to the inventory observed during ILW-1. The results obtained during ILW-2 therefore confirm the positive results observed in ILW-1 with respect to reduced material deposition and hydrogen isotopes retention in the divertor
Synthesis and Characterization of (C, N)-Alloyed Stainless Steel Coatings by High Energy Ion Assisted Magnetron Sputtering Deposition
No full textIn this article, (C, N) alloyed austenitic stainless steel coatings (SSC) (or hybrid S-phase with both carbon and nitrogen) were produced by a magnetron sputtering deposition process combined with ion implantation (CMSII). This technique involves a periodical high energy ion bombardment of the coating during its growth, which has a beneficial effect on the structure and properties of the deposited coating. The influence of the nitrogen and carbon addition to the deposition atmosphere on the structure, chemical composition, and coating morphology was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and glow discharge optical spectrometry (GDOS) techniques. Wear tests were carried out and the results were compared with low temperature plasma nitrided austenitic stainless steel. Corrosion behavior in Ringer's solution was also evaluated
Hyperpolarized xenon-129 production and applications
No full textHyperpolarized 3He and 129Xe were initially developed and used in the nuclear physics community. Lately they are primarily used in Medical Resonance Imaging (MRI). Although first MRI polarized gas images were acquired using 129Xe, the research community has focused mostly on 3He, due to the well-known polarizing methods and higher polarization numbers achieved.
The main purpose of this thesis is to present a novel design of a large-scale SEOP polarizer for producing large quantities of highly polarized 129Xe. High Rb-Xe spin-exchange rates through long-lived van de Waals molecules at low total pressure, implemented in a novel counterflow polarizer design, resulted in xenon polarization as high as 50% for 1.2 liters/hour, with a maximum of 64% for 0.3 l/h. We characterized and improved the polarization process by finding the optimum operating parameters of the polarizer.
Two new methods to efficiently use high-power diode lasers are described: a new optical arrangement for a better beam shaping of fiber coupled lasers and the first external-cavity spectrum narrowing of a stack of laser diode arrays.
A new accumulation technique for the hyperpolarized xenon was developed and full recovery of polarization after a freeze-thaw cycle was demonstrated for the first time. Two approaches for xenon delivery, frozen and gas states, were developed. Hyperpolarized xenon transportation to Brigham and Women\u27s Hospital was successfully accomplished for collaborative research. First MRI images using hyperpolarized xenon acquired at BWH are presented.
Final chapter is focused on describing a low field human MRI scanner using hyperpolarized 3He. We built a human scale imager with open access for orientational studies of the lung functionality. Horizontal and vertical human lung images were acquired as a first stage of this project
Meaningful Deaths: Martyrdom in La Queste del Saint Graal
No full textThe issue of martyrdom in La Queste del Saint Graal can be approached from different perspectives, and one starting point can be the meaning of the concept and how it can be construed in this text. Although in the first Christian centuries the word was usually understood in relation with sufferance and persecution, it was not originally connected necessarily with death. As the meaning shifted, death became a prerequisite of martyrdom, but confessing the Christian faith did not seem to be a condition anymore. This understanding of the term can be used when discussing various events in this 13th-century text.
The term “martyr” does not appear many times in La Queste, and it often has negative connotations; however, the concept of sacrificing one’s life for others can be encountered several times. Moreover, the characters are aware that such a sacrifice has deep spiritual consequences and it is directly connected with salvation.
Although the main protagonists do not suffer martyrdom, they all witnessed Perceval’s sister’s sacrifice, undertaken in order to cure the leprous lady, and they show great respect for her actions and reverence for her body, which is treated as if it were relics.
The author uses Thomas Aquinas’ theology as a reference point for defining martyrdom, which is analysed in connection with the practice of mystical contemplation. Although martyrdom (defined as a person’s death for a charitable cause) is highly esteemed, the text promotes mystical contemplation as the most suitable path towards salvation
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