1,720,953 research outputs found
Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Jintan Hitam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphilokokus Aureus Isolat Pus Infeksi Odontogenik
No full textOdontogenic infection is the most common infection that manifest in oral
cavity. One of the most bacteria that we can find in odontogenic infection isolation is
staphylococcus aureus. Administration of antibiotics can use to overcome this
infection. Unfortunately the mistakes of administration can cause resistance. This
mistakes can proved by many research show the resistance of this antibiotics to
againts this bacteria. So we need a new antibiotic product that have potential effect as
an antibiotic and one of them from natural herbs. Nigella sativa is one of the natural
herbs that kindly use as medicine in Middle East for centuries. Nigella sativa has
many various benefits like antibacteria, antifungal, antioxidants, and analgesics.
Timoquinon, dithimouinon, timol, and tanin has antibacterial power in many
research. So the main purpose of this research is to know the effectiveness of
antibacterial power in nigella sativa for inhibit staphylococcus aureus growth.
This research is the experimental laboratory research. Federer formula is used
to count the number of samples that used and the results of sample calculations using
this formula is 28 samples. This research starts with nigella sativa extract making that
makes in 3 concentration, they are 50%,75%, and 100%. Then followed by growth
antimicrobial test with disc diffusion technique. Data collection is done with
measuring the inhibition zone with calipers by researcher. This research shows the
averages inhibition zone in 50% is 6,08±0,48 cm. Then in 75%, the averages
inhibition zone is 6,65±1,07 cm. Then in the highest concentration in this research,
the average inhibition zone is 9,47±0,88 cm. Based on statistical test results, showed
nigella sativa extracts can inhibit the growth of staphylococcus aureus bacteria
isolates odontogenic infection pus.Infeksi odontogenik adalah salah satu infeksi yang paling umum terjadi di
rongga mulut. Salah satu bakteri yang dominan yang sering ditemukan dalam isolasi
infeksi odontogenik adalah staphilokokus aureus. Pemberian antibiotik dapat
digunakan untuk mengatasi infeksi ini. Tetapi karena pemberian antibiotik yang tidak
sesuai, sehingga sering menimbulkan resistensi. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan selama
beberapa tahun terakhir, banyak dilaporkan adanya resistensi obat terhadap bakteri
ini. Sehingga diperlukan produk antibiotika baru yang memiliki potensi sebagai
antibiotika salah satunya dari tanaman herbal. Jintan hitam merupakan salah satu
bahan alami yang banyak digunakan sebagai obat selama berabad-abad di Timur
Tengah. Jintan hitam memiliki berbagai macam khasiat seperti antibakteri, anti jamur,
antioksidan dan analgesik. Timokuinon, dithimouinon, timol serta tanin diketahui
memiliki daya antibakteri. Sehingga tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk
mengetahui efektivitas daya antibakteri ekstrak jintan hitam dalam menghambat
pertumbuhan bakteri staphilokokus aureus.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium. Cara
perhitungan besar sampel dengan menggunakan rumus Federer dan hasil perhitungan
besar sampel sebanyak 28 buah. Penelitian dimulai dengan pembuatan ekstrak jintan
hitam yang dibuat ke dalam 3 konsenrasi yaitu 50%,75% dan 100%. Kemudian
diikuti dengan uji pertumbuhan antimikroba dengan teknik difusi cakram.
Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengukuran diameter zona hambat dengan
jangka sorong oleh peneliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada konsentrasi 50%,
nilai rata-rata zona hambat yang didapatkan sebesar 6,08±0,48 cm. Kemudian pada
konsentrasi 75%, didapatkan hasil nilai rata-rata zona hambat sebesar 6,65±1,07 cm.
Lalu, pada konsentrasi tertinggi pada penelitian ini, didapat nilai rata-rata sebesar
9,47±0,88 cm. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik, menunjukkan ekstrak jintan hitam
efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri staphilokokus aureus isolat pus
infeksi odontogenik.Skripsi Sarjan
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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