2,591 research outputs found
Bentuk umum dari bilangan Ramsey r (Pn, Pn, Pn) dengan n genap
No full textABSTRAK
Matematika bukan hanya ilmu hitung yang selama ini dikenal banyak orang. Matematika merupakan salah satu disiplin ilmu yang dapat memberikan solusi dalam penyelesaian suatu masalah. Salah satu cabang ilmu matematika yang sering digunakan untuk memecahkan suatu masalah adalah teori graf. Di dalam teori graf dibahas suatu konsep yang belum banyak diketahui orang, yaitu bilangan Ramsey. Bilangan Ramsey pertama kali diperkenalkan oleh Frank Ramsey. Telah ada beberapa penelitian mengenai bilangan Ramsey, namun yang jarang dibahas adalah konsep tentang generalisasi bilangan Ramsey. Misal G_1,G_2,G_k (k ≥ 2) adalah beberapa graf. Generalisasi bilangan Ramsey r(G_1,G_2,...,G_k) adalah bilangan bulat terkecil n sedemikian hingga untuk sebarang Faktorisasi K_n = F_1 ⊕ F_2 ⊕...⊕ F_k, di mana graf G_1 adalah subgraf F_1 untuk sedikitnya satu i=1,2 ...,k. Pada penelitian ini dibahas bentuk umum dari bilangan Ramsey r(Pn,Pn,Pn). Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh bentuk umum dari bilangan Ramsey r(Pn,Pn,Pn)=3n-2/2, untuk n genap atau r(P_2n,P_2n,P_2n)=3n-1, untuk n bilangan asli.
ABSTRACT
Mathematics not only about counting as known by many people. It is one of science that can give a solution in a problem solving. One branch of mathematics that is often usedto solve a problem is graph theory. In graph theory there isa concept that not widely known, namely the Ramsey number. Frank Ramsey introducedRamsey number for the first time. There are many researches about Ramsey number, but the generalized Ramsey numberia rarely discussed. Let G_1,G_2,G_k (k ≥ 2) be graphs, the generalized Ramsey number is the least positive integer n such that for any factorization K_n = F_1 ⊕ F_2 ⊕...⊕ F_k, the graph G_1 is a subgraph of F_1 for at least one i=1,2 ...,k. In this research the author discussed the general form of Ramsey number r(Pn,Pn,Pn). for n even. From the research that has been done,we obtain the general form of Ramsey number r(Pn,Pn,Pn)=3n-2/2, for neven or r(P_2n,P_2n,P_2n)=3n-1, for n natural number
FLUORESCENCE SPECTRA OF PN AND BF
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of PennsylvaniaResonance fluorescence has been observed from the states of PN and BF. The species are produced in a microwave discharge and flowed into a fluorescence cell where they are optically excited by both molecular and atomic lamps. Vibronic transition probabilities for the PN system are obtained from observed band intensities and are compared with calculated Franck-Condon factors
Jane Austen and the popular novel: the determined author
No full textJane Austen and the Popular Novel: The Determined Author offers a provocative reinterpretation of one of the most cherished authors in the English literary canon. Austen criticism has traditionally fixed her oeuvre within the ideological locus of the 1790s, ignoring the more topical elements displayed by her novels. Such accounts have consequently neglected the complex interactions that took place between Austen's works and newer forms of popular fiction, such as the Evangelical tale, the national romance, and historical novel. By situating Austen in the 1810s - the immediate literary period within which she published - this book argues for the inherently intertextual nature of her novels, positing that her 'innovation' lies not in her uniqueness, but in her polyvalent negotiations with other literary models. Jane Austen and the Popular Novel demonstrates the extent to which Austen was not only a determined author, but also an author determined by the literary marketplace itself
Harmonizing classifications of cohesive soils according to PN-EN ISO 14688:2006 and PN-86/B-02480 standards
No full textThis article discusses the differences between the classification of cohesive soils according to the obsolete PN-86/B-02480 Polish standard and to the applicable PN-EN ISO 14688:2006 standard. Differences in the ways of recognizing and classifying these soils according to these standards are debated in the scientific and professional world, and due to the different approach to their nomenclature they seem difficult to overcome. The author analyzes these Polish research methods, which are closest to the macroscopic analysis required by PN-EN ISO 14688:2006, and then points to the real possibility of harmonizing both classifications
A CCD vertex detector for a high-energy linear e(+)e(-) collider
No full textI present a summary of the experience with CCD-based vertex detectors at the SLD experiment at SLAG. and discuss their advantages for use at a future high-energy linear e(+)e(-) collider. The extensive RandD programme to improve further the vertexing capabilities of CCD detectors is also outlined. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
Studies of hadronic decays of Z(0) bosons at SLD
No full textThe latest SLID results on light-quark fragmentation and tests of hadronisation models are presented
Influence of ultrasonic melt treatment on the formation of primary intermetallics and related grain refinement in aluminum alloys
No full textThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited - The article can also be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2011 SpringerUltrasonic melt treatment (UST) is known to induce grain refining in aluminum alloys. Previous studies have clearly shown that in Al-Zr-Ti alloys, the primary Al(3)Zr intermetallics were dramatically refined by cavitation-assisted fragmentation, and a good refinement effect was achieved. In this article, Al-Ti, Al-Ti-Zr alloys, and some commercial aluminum alloys are used to analyze the effect of UST on primary intermetallics and grain refinement. The addition of a small amount of Al-3Ti-B master alloy is also studied in order to compare with the addition of Ti and Zr in commercial aluminum alloys. Experimental results show that the ultrasonic grain refining effect is not only related to the size of particles which are refined and/or dispersed by UST, but also related to an undercooling available for activation of these particles in the solidification process. Athermal heterogeneous nucleation theory is considered to explain the effect of size and distribution of substrate particles on the grain structure with different undercoolings. The distribution of primary particle sizes results in the distribution of required undercoolings. Grain refining occurs when the undercooling is large enough to activate the refined primary intermetallics or dispersed inoculants.This study is supported by the Materials Innovation Institute and China Scholarship Counci
Disparitas Putusan Tindak Pidana Perpajakan (Studi Putusan Pengadilan Negeri pelalawan Nomor: 410/Pid.Sus/2023/PN Plw Dan Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Cilacap Nomor: 80/Pid.Sus/2024/PN Clp)
No full textResearch that aims to study the disparity of taxation crime decisions in Decision Number 410/Pid.Sus/2023/PN Plw and Decision Number 80/Pid.Sus/2024/PN Clp is based on a doctrinal approach method that refers to normative research. The main data in this research is secondary data in the form of Decision Number 410/Pid.Sus/2023/PN Plw and Decision Number 80/Pid.Sus/2024/PN Clp on Taxation Crimes, by collecting various methods of literature study and the data that has been obtained is then analyzed using a kualitatif approach. So that the results of the discussion carried out by the author can be concluded that the disparity of decisions in cases Number 410/Pid.Sus/2023/PN Plw and Number 80/Pid.Sus/2024/PN This is a consequence of the absence of parameters as a firm guideline for punishment as well as a significant gap between the minimum and maximum limits of imprisonment in Article 39 paragraph (1) letter i of the Law on General Provisions and Tax Procedures so as to provide room for freedom for judges to impose the severity of imprisonment sanctions based on laws and regulations, intellectualism and professionalism. From the point of view of Islamic law, there are rules al-ijtihadu la yunqodhu bi al-ijtihadi which means that Ijtihad is not canceled by other ijtihad. by other ijtihad, therefore the Decision of the Pelalawan District Court Number 410/Pid.Sus/2023/PN Plw and Decision of the Cilacap District Court Number 80/Pid.Sus/2024/PN Clp which the author examines in the same case, namely regarding taxation crime, then according to this rule it is permissible for there to be differences in punishment due to changes in time, location, and location. punishment due to changes in time, location, social conditions, motivations and customs (traditions there are principles of justice and equality in sentencing)
TINDAK PIDANA PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOTIKA (STUDI KOMPARATIF PUTUSAN NOMOR 76/PID.SUS/2020/PN MGG, PUTUSAN NOMOR 69/PID.SUS/2020/PN MGG, PUTUSAN NOMOR 41/PID.SUS/2020/PN MGG, DAN PUTUSAN NOMOR 38/PID.SUS/2020/PN MGG)
No full textNarcotics abuse, as a form of special criminal offense, has become a major problem that continues to grow along with the wider illicit trafficking. International organizations such as UNODC and the National Narcotics Agency (BNN) continue to monitor the development of narcotics cases in the world, including in Indonesia. Through a case study on four court decisions related to criminal acts of narcotics abuse at the Magelang District Court, the author examines how the comparison of the decisions of the judges of the Magelang District Court in Decisions (Number 76/PID.SUS/2020/PN MGG, Number 69/PID.SUS/2020/PN MGG, Number 41/PID.SUS/2020/PN MGG, and Number 38/PID.SUS/2020/PN MGG) and how the judicial review in the four decisions. Is it in accordance with the applicable law and has provided legal certainty.
This research uses a descriptive method of analysis with a normative juridical approach, which means examining legal theories, concepts, legal principles, and relevant legislation. The data used in this research comes from documentation of court decisions and analysis of Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. As well as conducting interviews with judges related to the Mageang District Court. The author also refers to the theory that the author uses, namely the Theory of Judicial Power and the Theory of Comparability.
The results of this study show that there are similarities and differences in the application of punishment. Similarities include the same type of case, namely drug abuse for personal consumption without involvement in drug trafficking, as well as the application of Article 127 paragraph (1) letter (a) of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics by the judge, even though the initial indictment was an alternative Article 112 paragraph (1) or Article 127 paragraph (1) letter (a). The main difference lies in the length of the imprisonment sanction, with Decision Number 76/Pid.Sus/2020/PN Mgg imposing a sentence of 1 year and 10 months, which is heavier than the other three decisions which each imposed a sentence of 1 year and 6 months. This difference is caused by factors such as the length of drug consumption. The juridical review reveals that the four decisions apply the principle of judge discretion based on the facts of the trial, the type of article applied, as well as mitigating or aggravating factor
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