3,162 research outputs found
Dilation and intercalation of gases within carbon nanostructures
No full textWe present, a study of the mutual effects of the interactions between an adsorbed gas and an adsorbing porous environment when the possible expansion of the pore is considered. In particular, we have studied the dilation, of a carbon nanotube bundle when quantum gases are absorbed within the interstitial channels and also the possibility of gas (H(2) and (4)He) intercalation between two graphene planes when the distance between them is allowed to change. We find that the dilation of the bundle increases significantly the binding energy of adsorption while intercalation between two graphene sheets is energetically unfavorable for both gases
Comparative feasibility study of a 30 MW disruptive floater solution with a 15 MW PivotBuoy and a benchmark 15 MW semi-submersible floater in the Bay of Biscay
No full textThis paper investigates the technical, life cycle, and economic feasibility of a 30 MW upscaled downwind turbine, comparing it to a 15 MW X1 Wind PivotBuoy downwind turbine and a benchmark 15 MW IEA Umaine VolturnUS-S upwind turbine in the 450 MW Sud de la Bretagne I wind farm site. The study is significant due to the rising energy demand, the potential for decreasing the levelized cost of energy with increased turbine size, and the optimized use of space. The size limit of current upwind turbine designs could be addressed using a downwind turbine solution.The research is conducted by modelling the global dynamic response of the structure using OpenFAST and computing the natural frequencies and stresses using a finite element model. A lifecycle analysis is performed to identify potential pitfalls and bottlenecks by analysing the individual lifecycle phases. The economic feasibility is assessed by simulating the annual energy production using TOPFARM and utilizing structural analysis and lifecycle assessment to quantify capital, operational, and abandonment expenditures. Based on the annual energy production and the performance indicators the levelized cost of energy is calculated.The findings indicate that while the global stability is within boundaries, the stress in members is too high with a simple scale-up of the proposed design. Bottlenecks are found in lifting operations and supply chain readiness. The levelized cost of energy and capital expenditure increased due to substructure self-weight, rendering the proposed 30 MW scale-up currently unfeasible when compared to the other two wind farms.These findings are important as they demonstrate that the 15 MW X1 Wind PivotBuoy is not scalable without design changes. The levelized cost of energy does not decrease with an increased floater solution. The 15 MW X1 Wind PivotBuoy downwind turbine seems more economically viable, making it a more interesting option for future development.Civil Engineerin
VELOCITY PROFILES IN THE BUNDLE OF STRAIGHT TUBE STEAM GENERATORS
No full textThis paper describes a simplified model to predict the fluid velocity in the external channels of the tube bundle of a vertical once-through steam generator. The model is applied to analyse the three dimensional velocity distribution in a tube bundle cooled by steady state, single phase sodium flow. Results are presented for both a 45 MW and a 225 MW steam generator, including spacer grids and obstructions (to prevent the flow by-pass in the border channels
Short-circuit characteristics of superconducting permanent magnet generators for 10 MW wind turbines
No full textSuperconducting permanent magnet generators (SCPMGs) are a potential candidate for 10 MW direct-drive wind turbine applications. This paper presents two 10 MW SCPMG designs using MgB<sub>2</sub> cables for the armature winding and investigates the short-circuit characteristics of the designed SCPMGs. The first part of the results shows that the SCPMGs can double the shear stress of a conventional low-speed permanent magnet (PM) generator (from 65 kPa to 130 kPa) whilst avoiding demagnetization of the PMs in rated-load operation. However, the power factor has to drop to a range of 0.7-0.8. The second part of the results shows that during a sudden three-phase short circuit, the superconducting armature winding is prone to quench and the PMs are likely to be demagnetized in both proposed designs.Accepted Author ManuscriptTransport Engineering and Logistic
An Ultrasonically Powered System Using an AlN PMUT Receiver for Delivering Instantaneous mW-Range DC Power to Biomedical Implants
No full textAluminum Nitride (AlN) Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (PMUTs) are gaining interest for biomedical implant power due to biocompatibility and lowtemperature processing. However, due to the low piezoelectric coefficient of AlN PMUTs, storage capacitors are often used to accumulate ultrasonic power transferred over an extended time. The accumulated energy is then used to power a DC load, which leads to a long start-up time, and insufficient duty cycle for some applications. We present an ultrasonically powered system for biomedical implants capable of delivering mW-range instantaneous power to DC loads, without pre-storing it. The system features a 25 mm2 AlN PMUT, an inductive matching network, and an application-specific power management integrated circuit(ASIC). For an acoustic intensity of 360 mW/cm2 at the surface of the PMUT, an open-circuit voltage of 1.11 V and an aperture efficiency of 30.5 % are measured. Furthermore, by connecting a series-matching inductor to the PMUT, the highest-reported power delivered to the load (PDL) of 6.4 mW is measured over an optimal load of 7.6 Ω. Finally, together with the ASIC and at the intensity of 108 mW/cm2, our system delivers 1.04 mW DC power to a 3.3 kΩ load, which is over two orders of magnitude higher than the previously reported average DC power for AlN PMUTs.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Bio-ElectronicsElectronic Components, Technology and Material
Técnicas de dualidade e programação não-linear inteira-mista aplicadas ao programa diário da operação eletroenergética
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica.O problema da programação diária da operação eletroenergética é tratado, neste trabalho, como um problema de otimização não-linear inteiro-misto. Nesse sentido, é considerada uma modelagem detalhada das componentes do sistema visando representá-lo de maneira realista. Para resolver o problema, são utilizadas técnicas de dualidade. Essas técnicas são baseadas na Relaxação Lagrangeana com duplicação de variáveis, permitindo decompor o problema em uma série de subproblemas mais simples de serem resolvidos. Como resultado da utilização da Relaxação Lagrangeana em problemas não convexos, obtém-se uma solução primal inviável, sendo necessário realizar uma recuperação da solução primal do problema. Assim, heurísticas podem ser empregadas para encontrar uma solução primal viável, as quais são baseadas em um conjunto de regras que devem ser definidas com antecedência. No entanto, padronizar esses conjuntos de regras não é uma tarefa fácil. Nesse contexto, são testadas duas metodologias que precisam de heurísticas para contornar isso. A primeira baseada no Lagrangeano Aumentado Inexato e a segunda baseada no Primal Proximal. Além disso, como resultado do acoplamento entre essas duas metodologias, surgem dois modelos híbridos que também são testados. Adicionalmente, existem na atualidade pacotes comerciais de Programação Não-Linear Inteira-Mista capazes de lidar com este tipo de problema. Neste trabalho, o problema da programação diária da operação eletroenergética também é solucionado utilizando um desses pacotes. Os resultados obtidos com esse pacote são utilizados para avaliar as técnicas de dualidade em torno de uma estimativa do gap de dualidade (qualidade da solução) e do esforço computacional. O sistema base utilizado para os testes é composto por 11 usinas, 18 barras e 25 linhas.The Electroenergetic Daily Operation Programming problem is treated, in this work, as a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem. In that way, a detailed modeling of the system components, in order to represent it realistically, is considered. To solve the problem, duality techniques are used. These techniques are based in Lagrangean Relaxation with variables duplication, allowing decompose the original problem in a set of subproblems more simples to be solved. As a result of using Lagrangean Relaxation in nonconvex problems, an unfeasible solution is founded, been necessary to realize a recovery of a primal feasible solution. Thus, heuristic can be used to find feasible primal solutions, which are based in a set of rules that must be defined previously. However, standardize those sets of rules is not an easy task. In this context, two methodologies that use heuristics are tested to overcome this difficult. The first one is based on Inexact Augmented Lagrangean and the second one is based on Primal Proximal. Furthermore, as a result of coupling those two methodologies arise two hybrid models that also are tested. Additionally, exist commercial solvers of Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming that are able to deal with this kind of problem and thereby it is also used in this work for solve the Electroenergetic Daily Operation Programming problem. The solver results are used to evaluate the dual techniques around a duality gap estimative (quality of solution) and computational performance. The base system used in tests is composted of 11 plants, 18 buses and 25 transmission lines
Proposta de um modelo para alocação ótima de unidades hidrelétricas para usinas em cascata
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, Florianópolis, 2011Este trabalho propõe um modelo para o problema de alocação de unidades hidrelétricas, cujo objetivo consiste em determinar quais unidades devem operar, e os respectivos níveis de geração de usinas hidrelétricas em cascata, a cada hora, em um horizonte de um dia. Como uma contribuição apresenta-se uma nova modelagem para a função de produção das unidades geradoras, com destaque para as perdas mecânicas e elétricas presentes nos conjuntos turbina gerador. Para levar em consideração as complexidades inerentes deste problema de maneira condizente com as necessidades do caso brasileiro, o modelo da alocação é representado matematicamente como um problema de programação não linear binário-misto. Com o objetivo de resolver este problema eficientemente este trabalho faz uso de uma estratégia de decomposição baseada nos métodos da Relaxação Lagrangeana e do Lagrangeano Aumentado. Diferentes análises em torno da modelagem e da estratégia de solução propostas neste trabalho são realizadas mediante o uso de um sistema composto por quatro usinas hidrelétricas em cascata, cuja capacidade de potência instalada é de 4.170 MW
Reactor application of an improved bundle divertor
No full textA Bundle Divertor was chosen as the impurity control and plasma exhaust system for the beam driven Demonstration Tokamak Hybrid Reactor - DTHR. In the context of a preconceptual design study of the reactor and associated facility a bundle divertor concept was developed and integrated into the reactor system. The overall system was found feasible and scalable for reactors with intermediate torodial field strengths on axis. The important design characteristics are: the overall average current density of the divertor coils is 0.73 kA for each tesla of toroidal field on axis; the divertor windings are made from super-conducting cables supported by steel structures and are designed to be maintainable; the particle collection assembly and auxiliary cryosorption vacuum pump are dual systems designed such that they can be reactivated alterntively to allow for continuous reactor operation; and the power requirement for energizing and operating the divertor is about 5 MW
Myocardial work parameters in left bundle branch area pacing versus other pacing techniques: a systematic review and aggregate comparative analysis
No full textCardiac conduction disease often necessitates permanent pacemaker implantation. While right ventricular pacing (RVP) effectively treats bradycardia, it may lead to adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has emerged as an alternative, potentially preserving myocardial function. Non-invasive myocardial work (MW) assessment provides valuable insights into left ventricular systolic function, energetics, and efficiency. This study systematically reviewed and analyzed MW parameters, comparing LBBAP to RVP and His bundle pacing (HBP). A meta-analysis of 241 patients across five studies examined four MW parameters—Global Work Index (GWI), Global Constructive Work (GCW), Global Wasted Work (GWW), and Global Work Efficiency (GWE)—at baseline, post-implantation, and last follow-up (median: 180 days, IQR: 7–360 days). At baseline, MW parameters were similar between LBBAP and RVP. Post-implantation, LBBAP preserved MW more effectively, showing significantly higher GWI than RVP (2250.0 ± 400.0 vs. 1600.0 ± 300.0 mmHg%, p = 0.027), a difference that remained significant at follow-up (p = 0.035). GWE was also significantly higher at follow-up (p = 0.011), while GCW and GWW showed no significant differences. MW parameters did not differ significantly between LBBAP and HBP (all p-values >0.05). These findings suggest that LBBAP provides superior MW preservation compared to RVP, with significant benefits in GWI and GWE, while demonstrating comparable performance to HBP
Left bundle branch pacing preserved left ventricular myocardial work in patients with bradycardia
No full textBackgroundLeft bundle branch pacing (LBBP) is an emerging physiological pacing modality. Left ventricular (LV) myocardial work (MW) incorporates afterload and LV global longitudinal strain to estimate global and segmental myocardial contractility. However, the effect of LBBP on LV MW remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of LBBP on LV MW in patients receiving pacemaker for bradyarrhythmia.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 70 bradycardia patients with normal LV systolic function receiving LBBP (n = 46) and non-selective His-bundle pacing (NS-HBP) (n = 24). For comparative analysis, patients receiving right ventricular pacing (RVP) (n = 16) and control subjects (n = 10) were enrolled. Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography was performed. The LV pressure-strain loop was non-invasively constructed to assess global LV MW.ResultsAfter 6-month follow-up, LBBP group (with >40% ventricular pacing during 6 months) had shorter peak strain dispersion (PSD) compared with RVP group, and higher LV global longitudinal strain compared with RVP group and NS-HBP group, but had no difference in left intraventricular mechanical dyssynchrony, including septal-to-posterior wall motion delay and PSD, compared with NS-HBP group. During ventricular pacing, LBBP group had higher global MW index (GWI) (2,189 ± 527 vs. 1,493 ± 799 mmHg%, P = 0.002), higher global constructive work (GCW) (2,921 ± 771 vs. 2,203 ± 866 mmHg%, P = 0.009), lower global wasted work (GWW) (211 ± 161 vs. 484 ± 281 mmHg%, P < 0.001) and higher global MW efficiency (GWE) (91.4 ± 5.0 vs. 80.9 ± 8.3%, P < 0.001) compared with RVP group, and had lower GWW (211 ± 161 vs. 406 ± 234 mmHg%, P < 0.001) and higher GWE (91.4 ± 5.0 vs. 86.4 ± 8.1%, P < 0.001) compared with NS-HBP group.ConclusionsIn this study we found that in patients with mid-term (6-month) high ventricular pacing burden (>40%), LBBP preserved more LV MW compared with NS-HBP and RVP. Further studies are warranted to assess the association between LV MW and long-term clinical outcomes in LBBP with high ventricular pacing burden
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