390 research outputs found
KIPRAH BASUKI RAHMAT DALAM BIDANG MILITER TAHUN 1945-1966
Get PDFABSTRAK
Dalam penelitian yang berjudul “Kiprah Basuki Rahmat dalam Bidang Militer Tahun 1945-1966” ini terdapat beberapa permasalahan yang dikaji di antaranya yaitu mengenai latar belakang kehidupan Basuki Rahmat, faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan Basuki Rahmat untuk berkecimpung ke dalam bidang militer, dan kontribusi Basuki Rahmat terhadap negara Indonesia melalui bidang militer pada tahun 1945-1966. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh informasi yang jelas dan tepat mengenai permasalahan yang dikaji. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah atau disebut juga sebagai metode historis yang terdiri dari empat tahapan, yaitu heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, Basuki Rahmat merupakan seorang prajurit yang lahir pada 4 November 1921 di Tuban, Jawa Timur. Pendudukan Jepang dan kondisi Indonesia menjelang kemerdekaan menjadi faktor Basuki Rahmat berkecimpung dalam bidang militer. Kontribusi Basuki Rahmat melalui bidang militer dimulai pada tahun 1945 dalam usaha mempertahankan kemerdekaan Indonesia. Melalui kecakapan militer yang dimilikinya, Basuki Rahmat selalu ikut andil dalam berbagai peristiwa di Indonesia dari tahun 1945-1966, mulai dari perang kemerdekaan saat melawan Belanda, berbagai pemberontakan dalam negeri, operasi Irian Barat, Gerakan 30 September 1965, dan peristiwa paling bersejarah pada tahun 1966 mengenai Surat Perintah 11 Maret (Supersemar). Basuki Rahmat sebagai seorang pemimpin yang bertanggungjawab atas prajurit-prajurit di bawahnya memiliki sifat yang tenang, namun tetap tegas dalam menyikapi suatu permasalahan sehingga ia seringkali dipercaya untuk mengemban jabatan dengan tanggungjawab yang besar dalam bidang militer.
Kata Kunci: Basuki Rahmat, Perjuangan, Militer
ABSTRACT
In this research entitled “The Gait of Basuki Rahmat in the Military Field in 1945-1966” there are several problems studied, including the background of Basuki Rahmat’s life, the factors that influenced Basuki Rahmat’s decision to engage in the military field, and Basuki Rahmat’s contribution to the Indonesian state through the military field in 1945-1965. The purpose of this research is to obtain clear and precise information about the problems studied. In this research, the author uses historical research methods or also known as historical methods which consist of four stages, these include heuristics, source critism, interpretation, and historiography. Based on the result of the research, Basuki Rahmat was a soldier who was born on 4th November 1921 in Tuban, East Java. The Japanese occupation and the condition of Indonesia before independence became a factor in Basuki Rahmat’s involvement in the military. Basuki Rahmat contribution through the military began in 1945 in an effort to defend Indonesia’s independence. Through his military skills, Basuki Rahmat always took part in various events in Indonesia from 1945-1966, starting from the war of independence against the Dutch, various domestic rebellions, the West Irian operation, The 30 September 1965 Movement, and the most historic event in 1966 about the 11 March Order (Supersemar). Basuki Rahmat as a leader who was responsible for the soldiers under him had a calm nature, but was still firm in addressing a problem so that he was often trusted to take positions with great responsibility in the military.
Keywords: Basuki Rahmat, Struggle, Militar
PROSES KREATIF MAMAT RAHMAT DALAM KENDANG TARI TRADISI SUNDA
Get PDFABSTRAKMamat Rahmat adalah sosok pengendang tari tradisi Sunda yang pada saat ini masih konsisten dalam bidangnya sebagai pengendang. Kemampuannya dalam kendang tari tradisi Sunda banyak didedikasikan untuk ISBI Bandung karena telah memberikan penghidupan bagi dirinya. Di sisi lain, kemampuannya pun banyak diminta oleh sanggar sanggar tari yang ada di kota Bandung seperti Studio tari Indra, Pusbitari, dan sebagainya. Sebagai pengendang tari tradisi Sunda, ia mampu memberikan pengungkapan karakter dalam tari tradisi Sunda melalui tepakan kendangnya. Maka[PO1] tidaklah berlebihan dan sepantasnya apabila ia menyandang gelar sebagai maestro kendang tari. Dalam tulisan ini akan diungkap bagaimana proses kreatif Mamat Rahmat dalam mencapai kompetensinya sebagai pengendang tari Tradisi Sunda. Penulis akan mengupas pembahasannya melalui metode observasi dan wawancara. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Mamat Rahmat mampu menjadi seorang pengendang tari Sunda yang kreatif, karena ditunjang oleh faktor keturunan (genetik), keterampilan, pengalaman, kepribadian, dan juga bisa menari.Kata Kunci: Mamat Rahmat, Proses Kreatif, Kendang Tari Sunda. ABSTRACTA Creative Process of Mamat Rahmat in Sundanese Traditional Dance Kendang, June 2020. Mamat Rahmat is a figure of drummer of Sundanese traditional dance who is still consistent in his field as a drummer. His skill in Sundanese traditional dance drums (kendang) is mostly dedicated to ISBI Bandung because he has been given his livelihood here. On the other hand, his skill has been much demanded by many dance studios in Bandung such as Indra dance studios, Pusbitari, and so on. As a drummer of Sundanese traditional dance, he is able to provide the expression of character in Sundanese traditional dance through his drum beat. So it is not excessive and appropriate if he bears the title as a maestro of dance kendang. In this paper, it will be revealed how is the creative process of Mamat Rahmat in achieving his competence as a drummer of Sundanese traditional dance. The author will explore the discussion through the method of observation and interviews. The result of this study shows that Mamat Rahmat is able to become a creativeSundanese dance drummer because he is supported by heredity (genetic), skills, experience, personality, and dancing ability.Keywords: Mamat Rahmat, Creative Process, Sundanese Dance Kendang. [PO1]Oleh sebab itu
Model Peningkatan Stok Cumi-Cumi (Photololigo Chinensis) Di Perairan Kabupaten Bangka, Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung
No full textPerairan Kabupaten Bangka merupakan salah satu daerah penangkapan
cumi-cumi. Penangkapan cumi-cumi di perairan daerah ini menggunakan alat
tangkap pancing cumi dan bagan tancap. Penangkapan dengan pancing cumi
dilakukan sepanjang tahun dan dengan bagan tancap 6 – 8 bulan dalam setahun.
Perikanan cumi-cumi daerah ini mengalami tekanan penangkapan dan lingkungan
yang tinggi. Meskipun demikan perikanan cumi-cumi daerah ini memiliki potensi
untuk dikembangkan karena tersedianya teknologi atraktor cumi untuk
meningkatkan stok cumi-cumi dan masih ada perairan pesisir dengan kualitas
lingkungan yang baik. Pengembangan teknologi atraktor cumi untuk
meningkatkan stok cumi-cumi memerlukan kajian lebih lanjut.
Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu: 1) mengkaji hubungan antara produksi cumicumi
dengan parameter oseanografi; 2) mengkaji model pertumbuhan cumi-cumi;
3) mengkaji model bio-ekonomi perikanan cumi-cumi; 4) mengkaji hubungan
jumlah telur pada atraktor cumi dan penetasan telur cumi-cumi dengan musim
penangkapan cumi-cumi; dan 5) menyusun model peningkatan stok cumi-cumi
dengan introduksi atraktor cumi.
Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Bangka dari bulan Oktober 2012 –
September 2014. Hubungan produksi dengan parameter oseanografi serta
pengamatan jumlah dan penetasan telur cumi-cumi dianalisis secara deskriptif dan
uji statistik; model pertumbuhan cumi-cumi menggunakan beberapa analisis yaitu
analisis hubungan panjang-berat, analisis pertumbuhan, analisis struktur umur
serta analisis laju mortalitas dan laju eksploitasi; model bio-ekonomi cumi-cumi
dianalisis dengan analisis bio-teknik dan bio-ekonomi; model peningkatan stok
cumi-cumi dianalisis menggunakan sistim dinamik dengan perangkat lunak
Powersim.
CPUE cumi-cumi di perairan Kabupaten Bangka memiliki korelasi positif
yang rendah dengan SPL (0,22) namun hubungan keduanya signifikan. CPUE
cumi-cumi memiliki korelasi negatif yang sangat rendah dengan klorofil-a (-0,04)
dan hubungan keduanya tidak signifikan. Cumi-cumi merupakan hewan karnivora
dimana makanannya terdiri dari udang, ikan pelagis kecil, rebon, diatomae,
protozoa dan larva kepiting. Rendahnya korelasi antara CPUE dengan kedua
parameter tersebut diduga disebabkan ada parameter lain yang lebih berpengaruh
seperti faktor teknis penangkapan dan faktor oseanografi lainnya.
Cumi-cumi Photololigo chinensis memiliki persamaan hubungan bobot
tubuh dengan panjang mantel W = 0,0082 L1,803 untuk jantan dan W = 0,0008
L2,315 untuk betina. Berdasar nilai β diketahui pola pertumbuhan keduanya
bersifat allometrik negatif. Persamaan pertumbuhan cumi-cumi P. chinensis di
perairan Kabupaten Bangka yaitu = 421,71 (1 − , , ) . Laju
pertumbuhan akan mendekati L∞ pada saat berumur 13 bulan. Panjang cumi-cumi
mencapai asimptot ketika umur cumi-cumi 49 bulan dengan L∞ 421,71 mm.
Berdasarkan persamaan hubungan antara CPUE cumi-cumi dengan upaya
tangkap standar yaitu y = -0,015x + 244,8 mengindikasikan perikanan cumi-cumi
di daerah ini sudah overfishing secara biologi. Nilai parameter biologi dengan
menggunakan model Schnute diperoleh tingkat pertumbuhan intrinsik (r) 95% per
tahun, koefesien daya tangkap (q) 0,000082 kg per tahun, dan daya dukung
lingkungan (K) 3.240,15 ton per tahun.
Berdasar analisis optimasi statik tingkat biomassa cumi-cumi di perairan
Kabupaten Bangka pada kondisi MEY dan MSY masing-masing 1.684,21 ton dan
1.620,07 ton per tahun. Produksi pada kondisi MEY dan MSY masing-masing
767,13 ton dan 768,33 ton per tahun. Penangkapan cumi-cumi sudah mengalami
tangkap lebih atau overfishing sejak tahun 2010 dimana produksi aktual tahun
tersebut 890,80 ton. Upaya penangkapan pada kondisi MEY dan MSY masingmasing
5.544 trip dan 5.773 trip per tahun. Upaya penangkapan aktual tahun
2011 yaitu 5.985 trip per tahun, nilai tersebut lebih tinggi dibanding upaya
optimal MEY dan MSY.
Tingkat keuntungan atau rente optimal pada kondisi MEY dan MSY
masing-masing Rp 18,87 milyar dan Rp 18,83 milyar per tahun, pada kondisi
aktual nilainya Rp 17,29 milyar per tahun. Selisih jumlah rente tersebut
disebabkan menurunnya jumlah produksi hasil tangkapan dan tingkat upaya
penangkapan yang semakin tinggi, sehingga biaya yang dikeluarkan tidak
sebanding dengan nilai hasil tangkapan yang diperoleh. Hal ini mengindikasikan
perikanan cumi-cumi sudah mengarah pada gejala lebih tangkap secara ekonomi
(economical overfishing).
Dari percobaan pemasangan atraktor cumi selama 7 bulan pengamatan
(bulan November - Mei) diketahui jumlah telur cumi yang menempel sebanyak
3.449 kapsul telur atau 17.425 butir. Telur terbanyak menempel pada bulan
November bersamaan dengan musim puncak penangkapan. Percobaan penetasan
telur cumi-cumi menghasilkan dua nilai hatching rate yaitu 37% untuk telur tua
dan 24% untuk telur muda. Umur telur cumi-cumi sampai menetas diduga
berkisar antara 19 – 30 hari. Anak cumi-cumi pada saat menetas telah memiliki
tubuh yang lengkap, tanpa menjadi larva lebih dahulu.
Berdasarkan hasil simulasi introduksi atraktor cumi pada zona 1 (kedalaman
perairan 3–7 m) sebanyak 4.875 paket atraktor cumi dan zona 2 (kedalaman
perairan 3–10 m) sebanyak 9.375 paket atraktor cumi akan diperoleh peningkatan
stok, produksi per trip, pendapatan per trip dan keuntungan per trip. Penempatan
rumpon atraktor diprediksi akan meningkatkan ketersediaan stok pada zona 1
antara 0,78% - 39,63% dan pada zona 2 antara 7,91% - 52,33% dari kondisi stok
cumi-cumi awal 1.900,85 ton. Produksi per trip diprediksi akan meningkat antara
0,69 – 52,08% dari tingkat produksi awal sebesar 0,144 ton per trip. Pendapatan
per trip diprediksi akan meningkat antara 0,79 – 52,46% dari pendapatan awal
sebesar Rp 5,09 juta per trip. Keuntungan per trip diprediksi akan meningkat
antara 1,39 – 92,36% dari keuntungan awal sebesar Rp 2,88 juta per trip
Analysis of the Accuracy and Completeness of SINTA Author Data Extraction
Get PDFThe advancement of information technology has increased the use of web scraping for scientific data collection, including from the SINTA (Science and Technology Index) platform, which provides researcher profiles, affiliations, publications, and citation data. However, scraping SINTA poses challenges, particularly when multiple authors share identical scores that trigger changes in display order. This instability can lead to duplicated or missing entries when using a single-pass scraping approach. This study evaluates the accuracy and completeness of SINTA author data collection by implementing repeated scraping as a strategy to handle dynamic data ordering. Experiments were conducted on the Universitas Muslim Indonesia (UMI) affiliation, targeting 915 active authors. The methodology involved page-structure analysis, spider development using Python and Scrapy, sequential scraping through pagination, and validation of data completeness and uniqueness. A three-second delay between requests was applied to maintain responsible scraping practices. The results show that a single scraping attempt failed to retrieve all authors, capturing an average of only 877.2 authors (95.86%). Due to unstable ordering, repeated iterations were required. Through 4–8 scraping cycles per trial, all 915 authors were successfully collected without duplication. These findings indicate that for platforms with dynamic data structures such as SINTA, repeated scraping provides a more reliable method for ensuring data completeness and accuracy, supporting the development of stable and responsible publication-data automation systems.The advancement of information technology has increased the use of web scraping for scientific data collection, including from the SINTA (Science and Technology Index) platform, which provides researcher profiles, affiliations, publications, and citation data. However, scraping SINTA poses challenges, particularly when multiple authors share identical scores that trigger changes in display order. This instability can lead to duplicated or missing entries when using a single-pass scraping approach. This study evaluates the accuracy and completeness of SINTA author data collection by implementing repeated scraping as a strategy to handle dynamic data ordering. Experiments were conducted on the Universitas Muslim Indonesia (UMI) affiliation, targeting 915 active authors. The methodology involved page-structure analysis, spider development using Python and Scrapy, sequential scraping through pagination, and validation of data completeness and uniqueness. A three-second delay between requests was applied to maintain responsible scraping practices. The results show that a single scraping attempt failed to retrieve all authors, capturing an average of only 877.2 authors (95.86%). Due to unstable ordering, repeated iterations were required. Through 4–8 scraping cycles per trial, all 915 authors were successfully collected without duplication. These findings indicate that for platforms with dynamic data structures such as SINTA, repeated scraping provides a more reliable method for ensuring data completeness and accuracy, supporting the development of stable and responsible publication-data automation systems
Literasi Menulis Sekolah Dasar (Studi Kasus di SD Plus Rahmat Kota Kediri)
No full textResearch Purpose. The research conducted by the author aims to describe the stages of wiritng liletacy in SD Plus Rahmat Kediri. Methods. This study uses a qualitative method, with the type of case study research at the 4-6 grade level at SD Plus Rahmat Kota Kediri. The number of informants was 8 people consisting of teachers, students, librarians, and school principals using the purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques are carried out by observation, Interview and Documentation. Data Analysis. The data analysis technique uses the concept of Miles and Huberman: Reduction, Presentation and Drawing Conclusions. Result and Discussion. The results of the study show that there are 3 stages in writing literacy, namely (1) the Habituation Stage, where students get used to resuming books they have read by writing the author's name, title, and contents. (2) Development Stage, availability of reading spots in the school environment. (3) Learning Stage, literacy classes are provided which are directly given by librarians who teach about writing
Technological assessment of light-trapping technology for thin-film Si solar cell
Get PDFThesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2009.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-48).The proposed light trapping technology of Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) with Diffraction Grating (DG) and Anti-Reflection Coating (ARC) for thin film Si solar cell was analyzed from the technology, market, and implementation perspectives. Two applications were investigated. For monocrystalline thin film Si solar cell, layer transfer technology is too expensive, while sliver Si technology is more applicable, but impossible to add DBR and DG structure on sliver Si that still attached on native wafer. For amorphous thin film Si solar cell, the cost model was created. Even though best-case assumptions were used, the cost/performance ratio of amorphous thin film Si equipped with proposed light trapping technology was still higher (worse) than incumbent amorphous thin film Si solar cell.by Rahmat Agung Susantyoko.M.Eng
EVALUASI FUNGSI GUDANG FINISH GOOD PADA PT. AIR MANCUR KARANGANYAR
Get PDFABSTRACT EVALUATION OF WAREHOUSE FUNCTION IN PT. AIR MANCUR KARANGANYAR RAHMAT FATHUR HUDA F3514065 This research entitled "EVALUATION OF WAREHOUSE FUNCTION IN PT. AIR MANCUR KARANGANYAR ". The purpose of this research is to find out the warehouse function applied by PT. Fountain in order to optimize the role of the function of a good finish warehouse. In doing research the author uses descriptive method, where the data obtained are primary data and secondary data. Data obtained by the author to formulate problems at PT Air Mancur through the process of interviewing and direct observation in the company. Warehouse or storage is one important part of a company, because the warehouse as a storage of raw materials and ready-made products that are ready to be marketed. Warehousing has an important role for the development of the company, because warehouses and warehousing have the task of receiving and storing raw materials from the purchasing unit, then entering the production warehouse, then deposited into the warehouse of the finals well before being distributed throughout Indonesia and abroad. The conclusion that can be taken from this research is Warehouse of good finish which is owned by PT. Fountain has a function as a warehouse that is used to store finished goods that have finished production and ready to be distributed. The basic function of this first good warehouse is the transfer of warehousing activity, ie reception, arrangement, delivery. The second basic function is the storage of finished goods. The third basic function is the transfer of information that occurs between the movement of goods in the warehouse with the operational administration Keywords: Warehouse finish good, warehouse functio
Tradisi Maulid sebagai Media Dakwah Rahmat perspektif Living Qur’an-Hadis
Get PDFThe friction between tradition and religion has always been a matter of debate. For example, a local community tradition that is still alive and growing today is the celebration of Prophet's Birthday tradition. The ritual, which is carried out with the aim of remembering the Prophet Muhammad SAW, is commemorated every year on the 12th of Rabi'ul Awal. The implementation is packaged in an attractive, lively and even luxurious manner in various places, giving rise to fanaticism in the celebration process. This is what attracts the author to discuss more deeply the study of how the traditional celebration of Maulid is constructed and the public's understanding of the essence of Maulid? How is the shift in the meaning of grace used as a theological argument in the Prophet's Birthday tradition? How to restore the traditional function of Mawlid as a medium for preaching mercy? This article uses an analysis of living Qur'an hadith as a phenomenon that lives in East Java society, especially Lumajang. The approach used is an anthropological approach and the grace (rahmat) paradigm as a perspective in studying the meaning of grace which is used as a postulate in the celebration of the Prophet's birthday. Through this lens of grace, understanding the essence of the Prophet's birthday can actually create a good life. The essence of grace in the Mawlid tradition should continue to be 'revived' so that it can become a medium for preaching to create a friendly and graceful face of Islam. Where the characteristics of a good life are the creation of prosperity, peace and happiness both in this world and the hereafter
Produksi Asap Cair Cangkang Kelapa Muda sebagai Pengawet Nira Aren, Briket sebagai Bahan Bakar
Get PDFGula aren yang baik merupakan hasil dari nira yang tidak mengalami kerusakan. Beberapa penelitian yang telah dilakukan diantaranya untuk memperpanjang umur simpan nira, salah satunya bisa menggunakan pengawet alami. Bahan pengawet alami yang dapat digunakan untuk memperpanjang umur simpan nira adalah asap cair. Beberapa senyawa kimia yang disinyalir berpotensi sebagai bahan pengawet terkandung dalam asap cair, diantaranya adalah antioksidan, desinfektan, ataupun sebagai biopestisida. Salah satu bahan yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menghasilkan asap cair adalah cangkang kelapa muda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi asap cair cangkang kelapa muda sebagai bahan pengawet nira aren, serta untuk mengetahui kualitas briket arangnya sebagai bahan bakar. Percobaan ini menggunakan rancangan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial untuk mencoba konsentrasi asap cair dalam nira aren yaitu K0 = 0% (Kontrol), K1 = 3 % K2 =4 %, K3 = 5 % dan faktor kedua lama penyimpanan nira aren : T1 = 3 jam, T2 = 6 jam, T3 = 9 jam, T4 = 12 jam, setiap perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Cangkang kelapa muda seberat 4 kg dapat dipirolisis menjadi asap cair sebanyak 1088 mL dan didistilasi 2 kali sehingga dihasilkan asap cair grade 1 sebanyak 850 mL dengan kuantitas dan kualitas yang baik. Asap cair dari cangkang kelapa muda bisa dijadikan sebagai pengawet nira aren pada konsentrasi 3 sampai 4 %. Asap cair dari cangkang kelapa muda bisa dijadikan sebagai pengawet nira aren pada konsentrasi 3% sampai 4% (v/v). Briket arang dari cangkang kelapa muda memiliki kualitas yang baik sesuai SNI dengan kadar air 7,34% dan kerapatan 0,81 g/cm3.  Good palm sugar is the result of undamaged sap. Some studies that have been carried out include to extend the shelf life of the sap, one of which can use natural preservatives. Natural preservatives that can be used to extend the shelf life of sap is liquid smoke. This study aims to determine the effect of liquid smoke concentration of young coconut shells as a preservative for palm sap, and to determine the quality of charcoal briquettes as fuel. This experiment uses a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) to try the concentration of liquid smoke in palm sap, namely K0 = 0% (Control), K1 = 3% K2 = 4%, K3 = 5% and the second factor is the storage time of palm sap: T1 = 3 hours, T2 = 6 hours, T3 = 9 hours, T4 = 12 hours, each treatment was repeated 3 times. 4 kg of young coconut shells can be pyrolyzed into 1088 mL of liquid smoke and distilled 2 times to produce 850 mL of grade 1 liquid smoke with good quantity and quality. Liquid smoke from young coconut shells can be used as a preservative for palm sap at a concentration of 3 to 4%. Liquid smoke from young coconut shells can be used as a preservative for palm sap at a concentration of 3% to 4% (v/v). Charcoal briquettes from young coconut shells have good quality according to SNI with a moisture content of 7.34% and a density of 0.81 g/cm3.Gula aren yang baik merupakan hasil dari nira yang tidak mengalami kerusakan. Beberapa penelitian yang telah dilakukan diantaranya untuk memperpanjang umur simpan nira, salah satunya bisa menggunakan pengawet alami. Bahan pengawet alami yang dapat digunakan untuk memperpanjang umur simpan nira adalah asap cair. Beberapa senyawa kimia yang disinyalir berpotensi sebagai bahan pengawet terkandung dalam asap cair, diantaranya adalah antioksidan, desinfektan, ataupun sebagai biopestisida. Salah satu bahan yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menghasilkan asap cair adalah cangkang kelapa muda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi asap cair cangkang kelapa muda sebagai bahan pengawet nira aren, serta untuk mengetahui kualitas briket arangnya sebagai bahan bakar. Percobaan ini menggunakan rancangan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial untuk mencoba konsentrasi asap cair dalam nira aren yaitu K0 = 0% (Kontrol), K1 = 3 % K2 =4 %, K3 = 5 % dan faktor kedua lama penyimpanan nira aren : T1 = 3 jam, T2 = 6 jam, T3 = 9 jam, T4 = 12 jam, setiap perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Cangkang kelapa muda seberat 4 kg dapat dipirolisis menjadi asap cair sebanyak 1088 mL dan didistilasi 2 kali sehingga dihasilkan asap cair grade 1 sebanyak 850 mL dengan kuantitas dan kualitas yang baik. Asap cair dari cangkang kelapa muda bisa dijadikan sebagai pengawet nira aren pada konsentrasi 3 sampai 4 %. Asap cair dari cangkang kelapa muda bisa dijadikan sebagai pengawet nira aren pada konsentrasi 3% sampai 4% (v/v). Briket arang dari cangkang kelapa muda memiliki kualitas yang baik sesuai SNI dengan kadar air 7,34% dan kerapatan 0,81 g/cm3.  Good palm sugar is the result of undamaged sap. Some studies that have been carried out include to extend the shelf life of the sap, one of which can use natural preservatives. Natural preservatives that can be used to extend the shelf life of sap is liquid smoke. This study aims to determine the effect of liquid smoke concentration of young coconut shells as a preservative for palm sap, and to determine the quality of charcoal briquettes as fuel. This experiment uses a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) to try the concentration of liquid smoke in palm sap, namely K0 = 0% (Control), K1 = 3% K2 = 4%, K3 = 5% and the second factor is the storage time of palm sap: T1 = 3 hours, T2 = 6 hours, T3 = 9 hours, T4 = 12 hours, each treatment was repeated 3 times. 4 kg of young coconut shells can be pyrolyzed into 1088 mL of liquid smoke and distilled 2 times to produce 850 mL of grade 1 liquid smoke with good quantity and quality. Liquid smoke from young coconut shells can be used as a preservative for palm sap at a concentration of 3 to 4%. Liquid smoke from young coconut shells can be used as a preservative for palm sap at a concentration of 3% to 4% (v/v). Charcoal briquettes from young coconut shells have good quality according to SNI with a moisture content of 7.34% and a density of 0.81 g/cm3
EFFECT OF GLYCEROL SEPARATION ON PALM OIL TRANSESTERIFICATION
Get PDFThis research was aimed to study the effect of glycerol separation on palm oil transesterification. Objectives of this study were to suppress the use of excess methanol and shorten the processing time. This research consisted of: design-build reactor, the effect of the glycerol separation on the transesterification reaction, characterization of biodiesel, and mass balance analysis. The reactor was designed by integrating circulate stirrer pump, static mixer, and sprayer that will bring out the intense reaction in the outer tank reactor. The experiment in this research was the treatment of decreasing the quantity of methanol to 5:1 molar ratio and reducing of processing time to 20 min, which was arranged in a completely randomized factorial design. The result showed that, (i) the stirring system was effectively worked outside the reactor tank, and in its reactor tank occurred glycerol separation during the process; (ii) the rate of glycerol during the process followed the inverse regression equation of Ŷ = 66.44-351.17 X-1; (iii) the decrease in the level of methanol to 5:1 molar ratio and the reduction of processing time to 20 min in this engineering did not influence the biodiesel yield and quality that met the SNI 04-7182-2006 standard
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