1,720,975 research outputs found
The time has come to incorporate a greater focus on rate of force development training in the sports injury rehabilitation process
No full textThis narrative and literature review discusses the relevance of Rate of Force Development (RFD) (the slope of the force time curve) for Return To Sport (RTS), its determinants and the influence of training practices on it expression, with the purpose to enhance clinicians' awareness of how RFD training may enhance RTS success. RFD is considered functionally more relevant than maximal muscle strength during certain very fast actions including rapid joint stabilisation following mechanical perturbation. Deficits in RFD are reported following conventional rehabilitation programmes despite full restoration of maximal strength, which may contribute to the less than satisfactory RTS outcomes reported in the literature. RFD determinants vary as a function of time from force onset with a diminishing role of maximal strength as the time available for force development decreases. Factors such as neural activation, fibre type composition and muscle contractile properties influence RFD also and to a much greater extent during the early periods of rapid force development. Conventional resistance training using moderate loads typical of most rehabilitation programmes is insufficient at restoring or enhancing RFD, thus incorporating periodised resistance training programmes and explosive training techniques in the final stages of rehabilitation prior to RTS is recommended
Update on functional recovery process for the injured athlete: Return to sport continuum redefined
No full text[no abstract available
Systematic Video Analysis of ACL injuries in Male Basketball Players: Injury Mechanisms, Situational patterns, and Biomechanics Study on 36 Consecutive Cases
Full text linkBackground: ACL injuries represent a significant burden to basketball players. Improving our understanding of the situations and biomechanics which result in ACL injury may support the design of more effective injury risk mitigation programs.
Purpose: To describe with video analysis the mechanisms, situational patterns, and gross biomechanics (kinematics) of ACL injuries in professional basketball matches.
Study design: Case series.
Methods: Thirty-eight ACL injuries across six consecutive seasons of professional male European basketball were identified. Thirty-six (95%) injury videos were analyzed for injury mechanism and situational pattern, whilst biomechanical analysis was possible on 32 cases. Three independent reviewers evaluated each video. ACL injury timing during the match and location on the court was also reported.
Results: More injuries occurred whilst attacking (n=25, 69%), than defending (n=11, 31%). One (3%) injury was direct contact, 21 (58%) indirect contact and 14 (39%) non-contact. Most injuries (83%) occurred during three main situational patterns: 1) offensive cut (n=17, 47%); 2) landing from jump (n=8, 22%) and 3) defensive cut (n=5, 14%). Injuries generally involved a knee flexion strategy (with minimal hip/trunk flexion and reduced plantar flexion) in the sagittal plane and knee valgus loading in most cases (75%). A similar number of injuries occurred across first (53%) and second (47%) halves, with a higher prevalence in the second (37%) and fourth (34%) quarters. A third and half of injuries occurred during the first 5 and 10 minutes of effective match-time (the number of minutes the player actually played prior to the injury as opposed to the match minute), respectively. More injuries occurred in Guards (58%) and 73% of all injuries occurred in the scoring zone.
Conclusion: Indirect contact as opposed to non-contact, is the main ACL injury mechanism in male professional basketball players. Three main situational patterns were described, with offensive cut being the most prevalent. Biomechanical analysis confirms a multiplanar mechanism, with knee loading patterning in the sagittal plane accompanied with dynamic valgus. More injuries occurred in the first 10 minutes of a player’s effective playing time, within the attacking zone and amongst Guards.
Clinical relevance: A complete comprehension of injury causation may aid to better exercise programs design for both primary and secondary reduction of ACL injuries in male basketball
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Recommendations for Movement Re-training after ACL Reconstruction.
No full textIt is important to optimise the functional recovery process to enhance patient outcomes after major injury such as anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Restoring movement quality during sporting-type movements is important prior to return-to-sport (RTS) after ACLR. Alterations in movement quality during an array of functional tasks are common amongst ACLR patients at or near the time of RTS and are associated with worse outcomes after ACLR. The inability to correct movement issues prior to RTS is likely due to the use of incomplete programmes or a lack of volume and intensity of movement re-training programmes. Although most clinicians and researchers understand that re-training movement after ACLR is important (e.g., the 'why'), there is often a disconnect with understanding the 'how' and 'what' of movement re-training post ACLR. The aim of this paper was to discuss factors relevant to movement dysfunction and re-training after ACLR and provide recommendations for clinicians to restore movement quality of patients after ACLR, prior to RTS. The paper recommends: (i) considering the factors which influence the expression of movement quality, which revolve around individual (e.g., neuromuscular, biomechanical, sensorimotor and neurocognitive factors), task-specific and environmental constraints; (ii) incorporating a three-staged movement re-training approach aligned to the ACLR functional recovery process: (1) addressing the neuromuscular and biomechanical and sensorimotor control factors which affect movement quality and motor learning, (2) including a progressive movement re-training approach to re-learn an array of functional tasks optimising coordination and motor learning (3) performing the final aspect of rehabilitation and movement training on the field, in realistic environments progressively simulating the sporting movement demands and environmental constraints; and (iii) effectively designing the movement programme for optimal load management, employing effective coach and feedback techniques and utilising qualitative movement analysis for transition between exercises, stages and for RTS
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