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Three generations, no imbeciles ::eugenics, the Supreme Court, and Buck v. Bell /
No full text"The author tells the history of the eugenic sterilization case Buck v. Bell argued before the US Supreme Court in 1927. This updated edition has a new afterword that identifies how the Buck story remains relevant today"-
Buck v. Bell: Brainchild of American Eugenists
No full textBetween 1927 and 1974, over 50,000 Americans deemed socially inadequate were involuntarily sterilized under the Supreme Court decision, Buck v. Bell (1927). Advocated in the name of social progress by American eugenists, compulsory sterilization is a regression from democratic ideals. So, why did eugenists advocate sterilization? Employing historical analyses and Robert Merton\u27s concept of unanticipated consequences, this study shows that eugenists promoted compulsory sterilization to restore the social power of upper-class, Anglo-Saxon elites adapting to the demographic changes triggered by rapid industrialization. Driven by a belief in Social Darwinism, an overzealous faith in science, and a fear of race decadence, eugenists defined the goals of the sterilization program through a limited conception of social problems and solutions; justified the policy using unreliable and, at times, fraudulent research; and, endorsed it through corrupt court proceedings. Buck v. Bell reminds policymakers that science is a social institution guided by relations and interests
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A Depth Study of Buck v. Bell, 274. U.S. 200
Get PDFThe Superintendent of the SCEFM, Dr. Albert S. Priddy, believed Carrie Buck to be feeble-minded. And, as required by law for sexual sterilization of inmates, he filed a petition to the Board of Directors of the SCEFM for the sterilization of Carrie Buck. The petition was granted by the Board on September lOth, 1924 and the performance of a salpingectomy on Carrie Buck was so ordered. The Virginia Sterilization Act also had a provision stipulating that the decision of the special board could be appealed by either party to the Circuit Court of jurisdiction. Action was brought against Dr. Priddy by RG. Shelton. Mr. Shelton was, at the time, named guardian and next friend of Carrie Buck. On October 3, 1924 Carrie Buck appealed the decision of the Board of the SCEFM to the Circuit Court of Amherst County. However, before the litigation was heard in the Circuit Court Dr. Priddy died and Dr. James Hendren Bell, the new Superintendent of the SCEFM, was substituted for Dr. Priddy as the defendant in the case. In a depth study of Buck v. Bell I first will trace the case through the Amherst County Circuit Court and the Supreme Court of Virginia. Then I will offer an explanation of the United States Supreme Court Decision. Lastly I will discuss the legal, social, and political implications of Buck v. Bell
Putting Buck v. Bell in Scientific and Historical Context: A Response to Victoria Nourse
Get PDFIn this article written for a law-review symposium in response to a presentation on the infamous 1927 U.S. Supreme Court opinion in Buck v. Bell, Edward J. Larson argues that, at the time that the case was decided, eugenics was on the incline, not the decline. In the 1920s, the American scientific and medical community broadly backed eugenic remedies for various forms of mental illness and retardation. Legislatures, lawyers, and jurists took their cue from this scientific and medical consensus. Absent any question that the statute at issue in Buck v. Bell was validly passed by the Virginia legislature or that due process was provided for the persons subject to its reach, the law should have withstood constitutional challenge. The tragedy of Buck v. Bell, Larson argues, was that Carrie Buck never received the due process guaranteed under Virginia’s eugenic sterilization statute and that neither her lawyers nor the courts protected her from a flagrant violation of her basic constitutional and statutory rights. Under the fact that should have been brought out at trial, Carrie Buck would not have been sterilized. More fundamentally, had due process been provided in this and other instances, while eugenics would still have been a scientific and medical mistake, it would not be a legal one
Inherited Realities: Eugenics, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., and Buck v. Bell
No full textThe Tower is an official publication of the Georgia Tech Board of Student Publications and is sponsored by the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program and the Price Gilbert Memorial Library System. This article is from Volume 1, Issue 2.In this paper, an analysis of the records of involuntary sterilizations on black patients in the state of Georgia is performed, to study the intent versus the outcome of the Buck v. Bell decision. An analysis of the legal intent of the opinion's author, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., is also a major component of the paper. The study found that while the intent of the opinion placed it within Constitutional bounds, in implementation it pre-supposed far too high a degree of literacy of the population it was meant to apply to.Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program ; Price Gilbert Memorial Library System
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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