1,721,340 research outputs found
Bruno Brunetti e Roberto Derobertis Identità, Migrazioni e postcolonialismo in Italia
Full text linkBruno Brunetti e Roberto Derobertis Identità, Migrazioni e postcolonialismo in Italia
(Bari, Progedit, 2014, ISBN: 978-88-6194-223-3)
di Nicoletta Valloran
Watch-and-wait approach for inactive echinococcal cysts: Scoping review update since the issue of the WHO-IWGE Expert Consensus and current perspectives
No full textPurpose of review: This work aims to provide an update of knowledge on the evolution of inactive cystic echinococcosis (CE) cysts (CE4-CE5) managed by 'watch-and-wait', by means of a scoping review of the literature published after the publication of the WHO-IWGE (Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis) Expert Consensus document in 2010. Recent findings: A total of 31 articles were included. Population ultrasound-based studies showed that spontaneously inactivated CE cysts represent 50.2% (95% confidence interval 38.7-61.8) of all detected untreated CE cysts, and that the prevalence of CE4-CE5 cysts tends to increase with age. Four longitudinal population-based studies showed that CE cysts naturally tend to evolve towards inactivation and that spontaneously inactivated cysts reactivate in a minority of cases. This was confirmed by four hospital-based studies, showing that spontaneously inactivated cysts reactivate rarely, while rate of reactivation is higher if inactivity was obtained posttreatment. It was not possible to drive conclusions on any difference in the clinical course of infection in immunocompromised or pregnant patients. Summary: CE cysts tend to evolve spontaneously to inactivation over time. The published literature supports the safety of the watch-and-wait approach for inactive cysts, sparing treatment to a substantial proportion of asymptomatic patients. A regular follow-up with ultrasound of all inactive cysts is required to detect reactivations
Stepping stones and challenges in the use of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of echinococcosis
No full textWhy compulsory notification of human cystic echinococcosis should be reintroduced in Italy
No full textIn Italy, compulsory notification of human cystic echinococcosis (CE) to the Italian Ministry of Health was discontinued in 1991, and under the current legislation, the Ministry requires only a summary of the regional cases. Therefore, data of CE no longer reach the Central Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), making the assessment of human CE occurrence even more difficult. It should be noted that, according to the European Directive 2003/99/CE, the Italian regulations (Legislative Decree 4 April 2006, No. 191) officially included CE among zoonoses under surveillance. Thus, it is up to the individual physician’s goodwill to notify individual cases to the Local Health Unit, which in turn will fill out an electronic record to be transmitted to the Health Regional Council, which in turn will transmit the data to the Italian Ministry of Health. Unsurprisingly, with regard to Italy, the ECDC-EFSA Community Summary Reports (2003-2008) on trends and sources of zoonoses indicate that only 1 case (imported) of CE was reported in 2003 and that no surveillance system exists. This contrasts with hundreds of cases per year reported in single Italian Regions, when research was done using different methods and information, e.g. Hospital Discharge Records (HDRs).
Diagnosis of human CE relies on modern imaging techniques, with ultrasound (US) being the most frequently used, complemented by serology. The widespread use of US has shown that the cysts go through different stages of involution, either spontaneously or as a result of non-surgical therapies (medical treatment with benzimidazoles and percutaneous treatments) The use of US has spawned several sonographic classifications over the years. Recently, the WHO Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis issued a standard ultrasound classification of echinococcal cysts based on their ultrasound appearance. In this classification, cysts are grouped as active, transitional and inactive, and determining the cyst stage has important consequences for clinical management and prognosis.
No case of acute CE has ever been reported, so incidence is generally related to the first diagnosis of the disease, irrespective of cyst stage. Reports based on surgery-based surveys are known to greatly underestimate rates of infection. Several papers published in the last years evaluated a mean incidence of 1.3 cases/100,000 inhabitants in Italy. CE is most prevalent in the southern regions and in the islands of Sardinia (4-8 cases/100,000 inhabitants) and Sicily (Pozio E, 2008, Parassitologia 50: 17-24; Garippa G & Manfredi MT, 2009, Vet Res Commun 33, Suppl 1: 35-39).
Some studies performed in some regions analyzed the HDRs in order to estimate the occurrence of CE. In Emilia-Romagna, the mean yearly incidence (1997-2002) in Italian citizens residing in the region was 1.07/100,000 inhabitants; the average incidence of persons born in Italy was 0.97/100,000. The existence of an area in the Apennines between the provinces of Reggio Emilia and Modena with a significantly higher risk and incidence (7.1/100,000) similar to that encountered in areas considered endemic, was demonstrated (Battelli G et al, 2004, Parassitologia 46: 415-416). In Lombardy, in 2004, there were 156 admissions for CE; of the patients, 72% resided in the region (Brunetti E et al, 2006, Parassitologia 48: 220). In Tuscany, the mean yearly incidence (1995-2001) in citizens residing in the region was 1.61/100,000 (Montinaro L et al, 2004, G Ital Med Lav Erg 26: 202-207). In Apulia, the period prevalence of hepatic CE during the years 1996-2000 was 6.4/100,000 (Punzo C et al, 2002, Ann Ital Chir 73: 605-609). In Sardinia, the mean yearly incidence (2001-2005) in citizens residing in the region was 6.6/100,000, rising to 10.6/100,000 in the Nuoro province (Conchedda M et al, 2008, Parassitologia 50, Suppl 1: 40).
True occurrence of human CE is probably best assessed by ultrasound mass surveys, an increasingly popular method in highly endemic..
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
La fiscalità differita e latente nel bilancio d’esercizio
No full textIl lavoro illustra le modalità di riconoscimento della fiscalità differita nel bilanci d’esercizio secondo il metodo di contabilizzazione dell’effetto imposte (tax effect accounting method). Prendendo le mosse dalla questione relativa alla natura delle imposte sul reddito, quale costo afferente alla gestione d’impresa, si è effettuata una ricognizione delle diverse posizioni espresse sull’argomento dalla dottrina e dalla prassi ragionieristica, giungendo, infine, a qualificare la natura delle imposte differite in parola alla luce di alcuni principi cardine di economia aziendale
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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