1,721,001 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Hva skjer med befolkningsutviklingen? : befolkningsveksten
Full text linkArtiklene i Samfunnsspeilet er tilgjengelige fra SSBs nettsider: http://www.ssb.no/ssp
An Economic Model of Fertility, Sex and Contraception.
No full textIn most micro-economic models of fertility total life-time family size is the decision variable. The model presented in this dissertation is of the sequential decision-making type, i.e. couples are assumed to make decisions about child-bearing in the next period conditional on achieved family size, previous experience, current economic situation, and expectations for the near future. When the desire for an additional child is given, a couple has only two ways of influencing the probability of pregnancy: through sexual activity and through use of contraception. Besides affecting the probability of conception, sex yields pleasure in itself whereas contraception usually yields some disutility. We postulate a utility function over two periods (present and near future) with children, consumption, sex and contraception as arguments. Since a childbirth is an uncertain event, couples are assumed to maximize their expected utility, where the probability of having another child depends on coital frequency and effectiveness of contraception. From this optimization model a number of testable propositions can be derived about the effects of children, income, and prices on the desire for an additional child soon; the effects of this desire for the use of contraception and sexual activity; and the relationship between contraception and coital frequency. Assuming a specific form for the utility function, we derive specific "dem and " equations for the desire for an additional child soon, coital frequency, and contraceptive effectiveness. These dem and equations are estimated using ordinary least squares and a modified two-stage method, with data on 3000 married women from the Norwegian Fertility Survey 1977. The estimation is done in two steps to avoid "pollution" of the data, first on one r and om quarter sample to experiment with functional forms, variables and estimation methods, and then on the rest of the sample to test the results obtained in the first step. Most of the hypotheses derived from the theoretical model are confirmed by the empirical analysis, e.g. that the wage of the woman has a negative effect on the desire to have a child soon, and that there is a non-linear relationship between coital frequency and contraception.PhDLabor economicsDemographyUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/159512/1/8324145.pd
Blir det gutt eller jente? : barnets kjønn
No full textArtiklene i Samfunnsspeilet er tilgjengelige fra SSBs nettsider: http://www.ssb.no/ssp/Foreldre i Norge er lite opptatt av om de får gutter eller jenter – de fleste ønsker å ha barn av begge kjønn. Kvinner med barn av samme kjønn får hyppigere ett barn til enn dem som har både gutt og jente fra før. Sannsynligheten for å få en jente øker med antall jenter i søskenflokken. Det samme gjelder gutter, men mønsteret er mer uklart. Par som forsøker å få barn av motsatt kjønn, har derfor stadig mindre sjanse for å lykkes, viser en analyse av 2,8 millioner fødte fra 1950 til 2007
Hiv/aids-epidemien svært utbredt : Norges samarbeidsland i Afrika
No full textArtiklene i Samfunnsspeilet er tilgjengelige fra SSBs nettsider: http://www.ssb.no/ssp/Det er svært mange hiv-smittede i de fleste av Norges afrikanske samarbeidsland, hvor andelen hiv-smittede varierer fra 36 prosent i Botswana til 2,8 prosent i Angola. I de asiatiske samarbeidslandene er det bare i Kambodsja at epidemien har fått stort omfang, med 4 prosent hiv-smittede. Epidemien fører til en dramatisk nedgang i forventet levealder ved fødselen i de hardest rammede land, men folketallet vil fortsette å vokse på tross av aids, fordi barnetallet per kvinne er høyt. Unntakene er Botswana, Sør-Afrika og Zimbabwe, der folketallet vil kunne gå litt ned de nærmeste tiårene, for deretter å stige igjen. Det er imidlertid også noen oppmuntrende utviklingstrekk: Andel smittede er gått betydelig ned i Uganda, blant unge kvinner i Zambia, og i forskjellige risikogrupper i Kambodsja
Befolkningsutviklingen
Full text linkI 2010 ble befolkningsveksten igjen blant de høyeste i norsk historie, litt over 62 000. Dette skyldes at innvandringen
økte betydelig fra 2009, til det høyeste nivået som noen gang er registrert. Utvandringen økte også en
del, slik at nettoinnvandringen ble litt lavere enn i toppåret 2008. Om lag 2/3 av nettoinnvandringen i 2010
var statsborgere fra EU/EØS/EFTA. Etter flere år med oppgang gikk fruktbarheten litt ned, til 1,95 barn per
kvinne, mens levealderen fortsatte å øke, til 78,9 år for menn og 83,2 år for kvinner
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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