1,720,994 research outputs found
Estrogen loss upregulates hematopoiesis in the mouse: a mediating role of IL-6.
No full textWe have previously demonstrated that ovariectomy causes an increase in the number of colony-forming unit granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) and an upregulation of osteoclastogenesis in mice, both of which are mediated by interleukin-6 (IL-6). IL-6 is involved in the development of several hematopoietic progenitors, including the burst-forming unit- erythroid (BFU-E) and multipotent CFUs (CFU-GEMM). Therefore, we performed studies to examine if other hematopoietic progenitors, besides CFU-GM and their progeny, are affected by estrogen loss. We found that ovariectomy caused an increase in the number of CFU- GEMM and BFU-E, as well as an increase of CFU-GM in marrow cells of the femur. Administration of 17 beta-estradiol or a neutralizing antibody against IL-6 prevented the ovariectomy-induced increase in the number of these progenitors in the marrow. Ovariectomy also caused an increase in the number of circulating lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes, which were suppressed by administration of 17 beta-estradiol or the neutralizing antibody against IL-6; however, the number of circulating platelets was unaffected by loss of ovarian function. These data establish that, in addition to upregulation of osteoclastogenesis, loss of estrogens in the mouse causes widespread effects on hematopoiesis, which are apparently mediated by IL-6
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
CaMKK2 Knockout Bone Marrow Cells Collected/Processed in Low Oxygen (Physioxia) Suggests CaMKK2 as a Hematopoietic Stem to Progenitor Differentiation Fate Determinant
Full text linkLittle is known about a regulatory role of CaMKK2 for hematopoietic stem (HSC) and progenitor (HPC) cell function. To assess this, we used Camkk2−/− and wild type (WT) control mouse bone marrow (BM) cells. BM cells were collected/processed and compared under hypoxia (3% oxygen; physioxia) vs. ambient air (~21% oxygen). Subjecting cells collected to ambient air, even for a few minutes, causes a stress that we termed Extra Physiological Shock/Stress (EPHOSS) that causes differentiation of HSCs and HPCs. We consider physioxia collection/processing a more relevant way to assess HSC/HPC numbers and function, as the cells remain in an oxygen tension closer physiologic conditions. Camkk2−/− cells collected/processed at 3% oxygen had positive and negative effects respectively on HSCs (by engraftment using competitive transplantation with congenic donor and competitor cells and lethally irradiated congenic recipient mice), and HPCs (by colony forming assays of CFU-GM, BFU-E, and CFU-GEMM) compared to WT cells processed in ambient air. Thus, with cells collected/processed under physioxia, and therefore never exposed and naïve to ambient air conditions, CaMKK2 not only appears to act as an HSC to HPC differentiation fate determinant, but as we found for other intracellular mediators, the Camkk−/− mouse BM cells were relatively resistant to effects of EPHOSS. This information is of potential use for modulation of WT BM HSCs and HPCs for future clinical advantage. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
The influence of purified recombinant human heavy-subunit and light-subunit ferritins on colony formation in vitro by granulocyte-macrophage and erythroid progenitor cells
No full text- …
