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Gender and the politics of the gaze in Bronte's Wuthering Heights
Get PDFDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente, Florianópolis, 2009.O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar uma análise de como a imagem de Catherine é moldada pelo olhar masculino, como ela enfrenta os três tipos de olhar - o olhar dos personagens, o olhar do leitor, e o olhar do autor - e finalmente, se o olhar masculino é interrompido. O parâmetro teórico desta análise, o conceito do olhar masculino, é teorizado por Laura Mulvey no artigo "Prazer Visual e Cinema Narrativo" (1975) o qual critica a relação entre o olhar masculino e a imagem feminina do prazer visual moldado pela sociedade patriarcal. Através da crítica de Mulvey do prazer visual generizado em filmes, que pertence ao contexto do cinema clássico de Hollywood, articulo sua teoria em relação ao romance Wuthering Heights de Emily Brontë para examinar a dinâmica do olhar masculino em relação à personagem feminina Catherine. Este estudo teve também por objetivo analisar o quanto o paradigma teórico de Mulvey produzido para cinema poderia ser aplicado especificamente em um texto literário escrito no século XIX.The objective of this thesis is to present an analysis of whether Catherine's image has been shaped by the male gaze, how she contends with the three looks of the male gaze - the look of the characters, the look of the reader, and the look of the author - and finally, how the male gaze is broken. The theoretical parameter of this analysis, the concept of the male gaze, is theorized by Laura Mulvey in the article "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema" (1975) which critiques the relation between the male gaze and the female image within the patriarchal molding of visual pleasure. Borrowing Mulvey's critique of the gendering of visual pleasure in films, which pertains to the context of classical Hollywood cinema, I have articulated her theory in relation to Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights, to examine the dynamics of the male gaze regarding the female character, Catherine. This study also aimed at examing the extent to which Mulvey's theoretical paradigm produced for cinema could be articulated specifically in relation to a literary text written in the nineteenth century
Solitude et questionnement existentiel dans les poèmes de Louise Ackermann, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Emily Brontë, Emily Dickinson et Marie Noë
No full textLouise Ackermann, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Emily Brontë, Emily Dickinson and Marie Noël were all women who lived in seclusion, largely voluntarily, without seeking social contacts nor outside adventure, for at least a major part of their lives if not the totality. All wrote poetry that reflected a contrastingly extremely rich inner life, stemming from constant existential questioning, and this inner journey did not take place without endangering their in-depth being.This thesis first examines how in their cases the links appeared between solitude – after having considered which kinds of solitude are relevant – and a poetry reflecting existential questioning.Then it analyses where this questioning has brought them in respect of their human, social and individual identities: how they defined themselves as female poets, how they approached love, body aspects and maternity, or how they approached the society of their time.Finally it studies the effects of this questioning on their inner experiences, in their approaches to nature as well as to suffering and death, and it eventually considers their most intimate mystical and spiritual adventures.The thesis thus reveals common patterns of sensibility, behaviour and creation, which all, beyond spiritual divergences, serve a similar conception of poetry, which turns out to be ontological.Louise Ackermann, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Emily Brontë, Emily Dickinson et Marie Noël ont en commun d’être des femmes ayant vécu retranchées du monde, dans une démarche largement volontaire, sans rechercher les contacts sociaux ni l’aventure extérieure, au moins une grande partie de leur existence voire dans sa totalité. Toutes ont écrit une poésie reflétant une vie intérieure par contraste extrêmement riche, fruit d’un questionnement existentiel incessant, sans expérience pratique variée qui soit significative, et cette plongée en soi-même ne s’est guère faite sans mettre en danger leur être profond.Le mémoire s’attache d’abord à examiner comment, chez elles, le lien s’est établi entre la solitude - après avoir cherché quels types de solitudes s’appliquent au cas d’espèce - et une écriture poétique reflétant un questionnement existentiel.Puis il analyse où ce questionnement les a menées concernant leur identité humaine, individuelle et sociale, qu’il s’agisse de leur définition en tant que poètes appartenant au genre féminin, de leur approche de l’amour, du corps et de la maternité, ou en tant que membres de la société de leur époque.Enfin il étudie les effets de ce questionnement sur leur expérience intérieure, dans l’approche de la nature comme face au scandale de la souffrance et de la mort, pour finalement aborder, au plus intime de l’être, aux rives de l’aventure mystique et spirituelle.Le mémoire met au jour des schémas communs de sensibilité, de comportement et de création, qui tous, par-delà la diversité des attitudes spirituelles, sont mobilisés au service d’une même conception ontologique de la poésie
Wuthering Heights
Get PDFWuthering Heights (1847) is a novel by English author Emily Brontë; it was initially published under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The story follows the interactions between two land-owning families living on the West Yorkshire moors, the Earnshaws and the Lintons, and their turbulent relationships with the Earnshaw's adopted son, Heathcliff
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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