1,721,143 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
From Supranational to Dual to Alien Citizen: Australia's Ambivalent Journey
No full textThis collection of essays explores the value and role of a more “global” view of citizenship, focusing on expatriate voting rights and citizenship in Europe and Australia.The European Parliament has designated 2008 as ‘The European Year of Intercultural Dialogue’, an idea which embraces more plural and cosmopolitan ideas of identity and citizenship and which is the focus of this volume.The first two chapters address the theme of expatriate voting, one from a European perspective (Simone Battiston and Bruno Mascitelli) and one from an Australian perspective (Graeme Orr). Voting is one of the rights of citizenship (as well as legally compellable duty in Australia). The position of expatriate electorates poses a challenge for inclusive liberal democracies which, on the one hand, want to recognise the increasingly cosmopolitan nature of the modern human condition (with limitless opportunities for some to work and travel overseas), and on the other hand, the parochial nationalistic concern that only those with residency and a commitment to the community are enfranchised. These paired papers expose how local politics and interest groups influence the public debate and legal reforms relating to expatriate voting.The challenge for the itinerant citizen who moves across territory and acquires multiple identities is explored in Kim Rubenstein’s chapter ‘From Supra-national to Dual to Alien Citizen: Australia’s Ambivalent Journey’. The evolving character of ‘Australian citizenship’ in many respects tracks the changing relationship between Britain and its antipodean former colonies. Federation in 1901 did not create the category of Australian citizen – rather ordinary federal legislation grafted a new category of citizenship onto the pre-existing ‘supranational’ British subject. Although some degree of dualism of Australia-British identity was permitted, until 2002 federal law mandated the loss of Australian citizenship for those who acquired new citizenship. Reflecting the pressures of globalisation and cosmopolitanism, this strict prohibition on acquiring another citizenship has been revised. But there are also forces counteracting these liberalising tendencies: in the post 9/11 environment, an increasingly strict approach to granting citizenship has been adopted including mandatory testing of applicants on ‘Australian values’. These developments may seem benign, though as Rubenstein points out, there is a danger of holding ‘alien Australians’ to higher standards than Australian-born citizens are expected to attain. The challenge, as she concludes, is to recognise the multiple layers of a person’s national identity in a cosmopolitan world, and ‘better integrate legal understandings of Australian citizenship with that cosmopolitan understanding’.Returning to the theme of the supranational citizenship from a European perspective, Michael Longo explores the political project to create a new civic common identity called the ‘EU citizen’. The concept of EU citizenship, introduced in 1992 Treaty on European Union, like many EU concepts is sui generis. Unlike other dual nationalities, EU citizenship is a supranational parasite, its existence and validity resting on the underlying national citizenship of the Member State. As Longo points out, this feature presents problems for the political and legal status of third country nationals who reside in the EU. Notwithstanding the EU strong political commitment to participatory democracy, this disenfranchisement of long term non-nationals residents in the EU, hampered by the lack of any consistent approach to citizenship conferral in Member States, undermines the legitimacy of this European civic project. Clearly, to address this deficiency, the EU must further expand its competency in this field.The four articles together comprise the final paper (No. 29) in the Law and Policy Paper series
A Story of Organized Crime : Constructing Criminality and Building Institutions
No full textThis is a narrative about the way in which a category of crime-to-be-combated is constructed through the discipline of criminology and the agents of discipline in criminal justice. The aim was to examine organized crime through the eyes of those whose job it is to fight it (and define it), and in doing so investigate the ways social problems surface as sites for state intervention. A genealogy of organized crime within criminological thought was completed, demonstrating that there are a range of different ways organized crime has been constructed within the social scientific discipline, and each of these were influenced by the social context, political winds and intellectual climate of the time. Following this first finding, in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with individuals who had worked at the apex of the policing of organized crime in Australia, in order to trace their understandings of organized crime across recent history. It was found that organized crime can be understood as an object of the discourse of the politics of law and order, the discourse of international securitization, new public management in policing business, and involves the forging of outlaw identities. Therefore, there are multiple meanings of organized crime that have arisen from an interconnected set of social, political, moral and bureaucratic discourses. The institutional response to organized crime, including law and policing, was subsequently examined. An extensive legislative framework has been enacted at multiple jurisdictional levels, and the problem of organized crime was found to be deserving of unique institutional powers and configurations to deal with it. The social problem of organized crime, as constituted by the discourses mapped out in this research, has led to a new generation of increasingly preemptive and punitive laws, and the creation of new state agencies with amplified powers. That is, the response to organized crime, with a focus on criminalization and enforcement, has been driven and shaped by the four discourses and the way in which the phenomenon is constructed within them. An appreciation of the nexus between the emergence of the social problem, and the formation of institutions in response to it, is important in developing a more complete understanding of the various dimensions of organized crime.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)School of HumanitiesArts, Education and LawFull Tex
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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