1,720,966 research outputs found
Engineering-Dienstleistungen in der Automobilindustrie: Verbreitung, Kooperationsformen und arbeitspolitische Konsequenzen
Full text link"This contribution deals with the notion of wage labour in a fundamental perspective. Both the current theoretical debate as well as new empirical findings about the development of wage labour are summed up. The starting point of the reasoning is a short outline of the different forms as well as of the historical development of wage labour, which initially mainly was industrial work. The contribution then enters into the question how the fundamental coordination problems of work - the transformation and opportunism problem - are managed in the context of a power asymmetrical employment relation between labour and capital. And, how the achievement motivation of the employees can be secured under these circumstances. The thesis is proposed that the interaction of the company level - with its decision, negotiation and organisation processes - with the given labour market structures is of special significance for the regulation of the relations between wage labour and capital and the design of employment relations. To analyse these interrelationships, the author resort to newer concepts of 'company employment systems' for one thing and to considerations from the 'segmentation theory approach' to labour market research for another thing. In conclusion, the increased flexibility of hitherto standardised forms of regulating the employment relations and the decreasing importance of so-called normal employment relationships are identified as specific characteristics of new development trends of wage labour." (author's abstract
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Engineering-Dienstleistungen in der Automobilindustrie
Full text linkEin zentraler Aspekt der gegenwärtig bei den Automobilunternehmen beobachtbaren Reorganisationsprozesse ist die Reduzierung der Fertigungs- und Entwicklungstiefe. Größere Produktionsumfänge werden auf Zulieferunternehmen verlagert, Entwicklungsaufgaben an spezialisierte Ingenieurdienstleister vergeben. Diese Veränderungen bringen Bewegung nicht nur in die Struktur der Automobilindustrie selbst, sondern auch in die tradierten Systeme und Prozesse der Interessenvertretung, die mit diesen Veränderungen umgehen müssen. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellte das Projekt Engineering-Dienstleistungen in der Automobilindustrie: Verbreitung, Kooperationsformen und arbeitspolitische Konsequenzen , das von der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung gefördert wurde, einen ersten explorativen Zugang zum Feld der Engineering-Dienstleistungen in der Automobilindustrie her. Untersucht wurden die Entwicklung und Bedeutung von Engineeering-Outsourcing, die Kooperationsbeziehungen zwischen den Unternehmen sowie schwerpunktmäßig die Bedeutung dieser Entwicklung für die Vertretung von Arbeitnehmerinteressen in der Automobilindustrie.For some years it has been observed that company and industry structures in the automobile industry are changing: the automobile companies shift more complex production tasks to component suppliers and transfer development activities to specialised engineering service companies. These changes not only affect the structure of the automobile industry itself, but also the actors and systems of industrial relations that have to deal with them. Against this background, the project Engineering Services in the Automobile Industry: Importance, Co-operation and Consequences for Industrial Relations , that was funded by the Hans-Böckler-Stiftung, gained first insights into the field of engineering services in the automobile industry. It examined the development and importance of engineering-outsourcing, the co-operation between automobile and engineering companies and the consequences of this development for the representation of employees interests
Rückenwind für Betriebsräte: Eine Analyse der "besser statt billiger"-Kampagne der IG Metall NRW
No full textAuf den Punkt: "Besser statt billiger" ist der Ansatz der IG Metall, eine offensive Gegenstrategie zu Kostensenkungs- und Verlagerungsstrategien der Unternehmen zu entwickeln. Die 2004 von der IG Metall NRW gestartete Kampagne ist inzwischen zu einem kontinuierlichen Prozess geworden, der sich in der Praxis weiter ausweitet. (Arbeits-)organisatorische Innovationen stehen im Zentrum der von uns untersuchten "besser"-Prozesse. Der gemeinsame Nenner der "besser"-Strategien der Betriebsräte besteht darin, das Management auf seinem eigenen Terrain herauszufordern. Die breite fachliche und politische Einbeziehung von Beschäftigten ist von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Entwicklung und Durchsetzung alternativer Strategien
New forms of company co-operation and effects on industrial relations
Full text linkDie industriesoziologische Untersuchung befasst sich mit Mustern der Reorganisation von Unternehmen und den möglichen Auswirkungen auf die industriellen Beziehungen zwischen einzelnen Firmen und somit auf die Struktur ganzer Industriezweige. In das Thema einführend, werden zunächst die Theorie der industriellen Governance und die darin enthaltenen Hauptparadigmen des Wettbewerbs vorgestellt: (1) das traditionelle Modell nach A. Chandler mit riesigen, hierarchischen Unternehmen, die den größten Teil der Produktions- und Wertschöpfungskette dominieren und (2) das neue Modell 'Wintelism' (Kombination aus Windows und Intel), das aus dem vertikal ausgerichteten Wirtschaftssektor der New Economy hervorgeht. In einem zweiten Schritt gilt das Hauptaugenmerk den so genannten Operator-Modellen als einer neuen Form der Unternehmenskooperation. Darunter ist die Vergabe von einzelnen Aufträgen an Subunternehmen zu verstehen. Auf dieser Grundlage werden sodann Hypothesen zu den möglichen Konsequenzen bei der Anwendung der Operator-Modelle auf die industriellen Beziehungen in Deutschland formuliert. Hierzu gehören (1) Arbeitszeitregulierungen, (2) Arbeitsorganisation und Personalstrukturen sowie (3) Bezahlung. Abschließend werden mögliche Entwicklungsverläufe der Operator-Modelle miteinander verbunden, wobei die Korrelation zwischen der ökonomischen Strategie und den industriellen Beziehungen herausgearbeitet wird. (ICG2)From my point of view as an industrial sociologist, this would be a most interesting development, arousing a lot of new questions. And one of these questions is what effects these changing forms of industrial governance will have on industrial relations. The paper on hand looks into these questions. First, I am going to introduce the theory of "industrial governance" and the thesis that already two competing paradigms of industrial governance can be found. The second paragraph deals with my concrete subject of interest: operator models as a special form of company cooperation that is of current interest. Afterwards I am going to present some hypotheses on the possible consequences of the spread of operator models for industrial relations in Germany. Finally, I will try to connect these two strands, stressing the importance of research into the correlation between economic strategy and industrial relations. [Autorenreferat
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