620 research outputs found
Genomic signatures of evolutionary transitions from solitary to group living
No full textThe evolution of eusociality is one of the major transitions in evolution, but the underlying genomic changes are unknown. We compared the genomes of 10 bee species that vary in social complexity, representing multiple independent transitions in social evolution, and report three major findings. First, many important genes show evidence of neutral evolution as a consequence of relaxed selection with increasing social complexity. Second, there is no single road map to eusociality; independent evolutionary transitions in sociality have independent genetic underpinnings. Third, though clearly independent in detail, these transitions do have similar general features, including an increase in constrained protein evolution accompanied by increases in the potential for gene regulation and decreases in diversity and abundance of transposable elements. Eusociality may arise through different mechanisms each time, but would likely always involve an increase in the complexity of gene networks.BGI, a U.S. National Institutes of Health Pioneer AwardEuropean UnionU.S. National Science FoundationDanish Council for Independent ResearchLundbeck FoundationGeorgia Tech-Elizabeth Smithgall Watts endowmentMarie Curie International Outgoing FellowshipSwiss National Science FoundationCommission Informatique of the University of GenevaSchmidheiny FoundationSwiss Institute of BioinformaticsNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canadai5K InitiativeUniv Illinois, Carl R Woese Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USAUniv Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USAUtah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USABGI Shenzhen, China Natl GeneBank, Shenzhen 518083, Peoples R ChinaUniv Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr GeoGenet, DK-1350 Copenhagen, DenmarkJohns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USAJohns Hopkins Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USAJohns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USAJohns Hopkins Univ, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Ctr Computat Biol, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USAUniv Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USAUniv Chicago, Dept Human Genet, Chicago, IL 60637 USAUniv Illinois, Program Ecol &Evolutionary Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USAHobart &William Smith Coll, Dept Biol, Geneva, NY 14456 USAUniv Illinois, Roy J Carver Biotechnol Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USAUniv Utah, Eccles Inst Human Genet, Dept Human Genet, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USAUniv Utah, USTAR Ctr Genet Discovery, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USAARS, USDA, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USAUniv Autonoma Barcelona, Ctr Ecol Res &Forestry Applicat CREAF, Bellaterra 08193, SpainUniv Geneva, Sch Med, Dept Genet Med &Dev, CH-1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandSwiss Inst Bioinformat, CH-1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandMIT, Comp Sci &Artificial Intelligence Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USABroad Inst MIT &Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USAUniv Halle Wittenberg, Dept Zool, Inst Biol, D-06099 Halle, Saale, GermanyMary Univ London, Sch Biol &Chem Sci, Organismal Biol Res Grp, London E1 4NS, EnglandUniv Hosp Halle, Dept Lab Med, D-06120 Halle, Saale, GermanyGerman Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyGeorgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USAUniv Georgia, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA 30223 USAUniv Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Ctr Funct &Comparat Insect Genom, Copenhagen, DenmarkUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Filosofia Ciencias &Letras Ribeirao Preto, Dept Biol, BR-14040901 Ribeirao Preto, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista UNESP, Fac Ciencias Agr &Vet, Dept Tecnol, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Carlos, Ctr Ciencias Biol &Saude, Dept Genet &Evolucao, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, Dept Genet, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, Dept Biol Celular &Mol &Bioagentes Patogen, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, BrazilARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USAE Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USAOhio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res &Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USAUniv Michigan, Dept Ecol &Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAUniv Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USAUniv Hohenheim, Inst Anim Husb &Anim Breeding, Dept Populat Genom, Stuttgart, GermanyYork Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, CanadaHoward Hughes Med Inst, Ashburn, VA 20147 USAUniv Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USATexas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USAHarvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Dept Organism &Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USAUniv Copenhagen, Dept Biol, DK-2200 Copenhagen, DenmarkKing Abdulaziz Univ, Princess Al Jawhara Ctr Excellence Res Hereditary, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaMacau Univ Sci &Technol, Taipa 999078, Macau, Peoples R ChinaUniv Hong Kong, Dept Med, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaUniv Illinois, Ctr Adv Study Prof Entomol &Neurosci, Urbana, IL 61801 USAUniv Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Ctr Social Evolut, DK-2100 Copenhagen, DenmarkUniv Estadual Paulista UNESP, Fac Ciencias Agr &Vet, Dept Tecnol, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, BrazilBGI, a U.S. National Institutes of Health Pioneer Award: DP1 OD006416European Union: 300837U.S. National Science Foundation: DEB-0640690U.S. National Science Foundation: DEB-0743154Danish Council for Independent Research: 10-081390Danish Council for Independent Research: 0602-01170BMarie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship: PIOF-GA-2011-303312Swiss National Science Foundation: 31003A-12535
Pheidole carapunco Kusnezov
No full textPheidole carapunco Kusnezov Pheidole carapunco Kusnezov 1952d: 82. types Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard; Inst. Miguel Lillo, Tucuman. Etymology Named after the type locality. Diagnosis Placed tentatively in the flavens group, but with a habitus intermediate to that of the tristis group. Major: large (for flavens group); carinulae originating on anterior margin of the eye spread forward from one another in traveling to the genal border; a broad, continuous band of rugoreticulum extends from the inner margin of one eye to that of the other across the vertex. The true characteristics of this species will remain problematic until fresh material is collected. measurements (mm) Syntype major: HW 1.20, HL 1.24, SL 0.62, EL 0.20, PW 0.54. Minor: HW 0.52, HL 0.60, SL 0.48, EL 0.10, PW 0.14. Color Major: concolorous medium reddish brown. Minor: head and gaster yellowish brown; mesosoma, waist, and appendages dark yellow. range A temperate montane Argentine species, known only from Salta and Tucuman. Biology Unknown. Figure Upper: syntype, major (a composite from 2 damaged specimens; Carapunco, between Tafi de Valle and Infiernillos, Tucuman, 2600 m, N. Kusnezov). Lower: minor (El Rey, Salta, 2200 m, N. Kusnezov). The major syntype is partly decayed, and may have lost most of its pilosity. The El Rey minor is undecayed, and the pilosity appears intact. Scale bars = 1 mm.Published as part of Wilson, E. O., 2003, Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus., Cambridge, MA :Harvard University Press on page 38
Pheidole subaberrans
No full textPheidole subaberrans (Kusnezov) Elasmopheidole subaberrans Kusnezov 1952d: 71. Combination in Pheidole by Kempf 1972b: 184. Types Inst. Miguel Lillo, Tucuman; Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard. etymology L subaberrans, below, i.e., almost aberrans. diagnosis A member of the aberrans group -actually, an intermediate in habitus between the aberrans and tristis groups -distinguished as follows. Major: large; head bicolored; occipital carina not present as in other aberrans-gwup species; hypostoma lacking spines; in full-face view, frontal lobes broad, asymmetrical, with pointed anterior borders that just reach the anterior clypeal border; humeri very large, rising 4X higher than the mesonotal convexity in dorsal-oblique view; acute, forward-projecting process on postpetiolar venter, as seen from the side; pronotum partly covered by transverse carinulae. Minor: low process present on venter of postpetiole, as seen from the side; semicircular carinulae cover the pronotum; propodeal spines thin, needle-like. Measurements (mm) Lectotype major: HW 1.44, HL 1.76, SL 0.60, EL 0.16, PW 0.86. Paralectotype minor: HW 0.64, HL 0.68, SL 0.54, EL 0.12, PW 0.44. Color Major: reddish yellow except for frontal lobes and borders of mandibles, which are a sharply contrasting blackish brown. Range Recorded from Tucuman and Salta, Argentina. Biology Unknown. Figure Upper: lectotype, major. Lower: paralectotype, minor. Scale bars = 1 mm.Published as part of Wilson, E. O., 2003, Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus., Cambridge, MA :Harvard University Press on page 14
Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height
Get PDFMost common human traits and diseases have a polygenic pattern of inheritance: DNA sequence variants at many genetic loci influence the phenotype. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified more than 600 variants associated with human traits(1), but these typically explain small fractions of phenotypic variation, raising questions about the use of further studies. Here, using 183,727 individuals, we show that hundreds of genetic variants, in at least 180 loci, influence adult height, a highly heritable and classic polygenic trait(2,3). The large number of loci reveals patterns with important implications for genetic studies of common human diseases and traits. First, the 180 loci are not random, but instead are enriched for genes that are connected in biological pathways (P = 0.016) and that underlie skeletal growth defects (P<0.001). Second, the likely causal gene is often located near the most strongly associated variant: in 13 of 21 loci containing a known skeletal growth gene, that gene was closest to the associated variant. Third, at least 19 loci have multiple independently associated variants, suggesting that allelic heterogeneity is a frequent feature of polygenic traits, that comprehensive explorations of already-discovered loci should discover additional variants and that an appreciable fraction of associated loci may have been identified. Fourth, associated variants are enriched for likely functional effects on genes, being over-represented among variants that alter amino-acid structure of proteins and expression levels of nearby genes. Our data explain approximately 10% of the phenotypic variation in height, and we estimate that unidentified common variants of similar effect sizes would increase this figure to approximately 16% of phenotypic variation (approximately 20% of heritable variation). Although additional approaches are needed to dissect the genetic architecture of polygenic human traits fully, our findings indicate that GWA studies can identify large numbers of loci that implicate biologically relevant genes and pathways
Dielectric-filled 1 to 18 ghz coaxial slotted line
Get PDFThe slotted line has, for a number of years, been one of the most useful and necessary tools in RF and microwave measurements. It was therefore felt appropriate to attempt to design an improved version, capable of broad band operation (1 to 18 GHz) with the ability of examining modulated and unmodulated wave forms. Initially, the relevant transmission line theory was reviewed with particular emphasis placed on the concepts that were to influence the actual design. The unique feature of the project, was the use of semi-rigid cable, which greatly contributed to the realisation of the two main objectives, namely low cost and accuracy. The mechanical construction proved as important as the electrical design and for this reason both topics were analysed and discussed in some detail in the text of the thesis. The approach was justified in that on the final examination, the slotted line performed satisfactorily in comparison to more expensively purchased units, over the expected frequency range without exhibiting an anomalous behaviour. Recommendations that would improve the slotted line even further were made in the Conclusions chapter, with specific attention paid to the redesigning of the probe and the tuning mechanism
Trends in cardiometabolic risk factors in the Americas between 1980 and 2014: a pooled analysis of population-based surveys
No full textBackground Describing the prevalence and trends of cardiometabolic risk factors that are associated with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is crucial for monitoring progress, planning prevention, and providing evidence to support policy efforts. We aimed to analyse the transition in body-mass index (BMI), obesity, blood pressure, raised blood pressure, and diabetes in the Americas, between 1980 and 2014. Methods We did a pooled analysis of population-based studies with data on anthropometric measurements, biomarkers for diabetes, and blood pressure from adults aged 18 years or older. A Bayesian model was used to estimate trends in BMI, raised blood pressure (systolic blood pressure >= 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure >= 90 mm Hg), and diabetes (fasting plasma glucose >= 7.0 mmol/L, history of diabetes, or diabetes treatment) from 1980 to 2014, in 37 countries and six subregions of the Americas. Findings 389 population-based surveys from the Americas were available. Comparing prevalence estimates from 2014 with those of 1980, in the non-English speaking Caribbean subregion, the prevalence of obesity increased from 3.9% (95% CI 2.2-6.3) in 1980, to 18.6% (14.3-23.3) in 2014, in men; and from 12.2% (8.2-17.0) in 1980, to 30.5% (25.7-35.5) in 2014, in women. The English-speaking Caribbean subregion had the largest increase in the prevalence of diabetes, from 5.2% (2.1-10.4) in men and 6.4% (2.6-10.4) in women in 1980, to 11.1% (6.4-17.3) in men and 13.6% (8.2-21-0) in women in 2014). Conversely, the prevalence of raised blood pressure has decreased in all subregions; the largest decrease was found in North America from 27.6% (22.3-33.2) in men and 19.9% (15.8-24-4) in women in 1980, to 15.5% (11.1-20.9) in men and 10.7% (7.7-14.5) in women in 2014. Interpretation Despite the generally high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors across the Americas, estimates also showed a high level of heterogeneity in the transition between countries. The increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes observed over time requires appropriate measures to deal with these public health challenges. Our results support a diversification of health interventions across subregions and countries. Copyright (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier.Wellcome TrustAlliance for Health Policy and Systems ResearchBernard Lown Scholars in Cardiovascular Health Program at Harvard T H Chan School of Public HealthBloomberg PhilanthropiesFONDECYT via CIENCIACTIVA/CONCYTECBritish CouncilBritish EmbassyNewton-Paulet FundDFID/MRC/Wellcome Global Health TrialsFogarty International CenterGrand Challenges CanadaInternational Development Research Center CanadaInter-American Institute for Global Change ResearchMedical Research CouncilNational Cancer InstituteNational Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteNational Institute of Mental HealthSwiss National Science FoundationWellcomeWorld Diabetes FoundationAcademy of Medical Sciences Springboard AwardRoyal SocietyUniv Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, PeruImperial Coll London, London, EnglandPontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, ChileUniv West Indies, Cave Hill, BarbadosUniv Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilMiami Vet Affairs Healthcare Syst, Miami, FL USAUniv Kent, Canterbury, Kent, EnglandCleveland Clin, Cleveland, OH 44106 USAYale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USACaja Costarricense Seguro Social, San Jose, Costa RicaInst Mexicano Seguro Social, Mexico City, DF, MexicoInst Nacl Ciencias Med & Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, DF, MexicoUniv Cuenca, Cuenca, EcuadorUniv Fed Pelotas, Pelotas, BrazilPan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USAUniv Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BrazilDalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS, CanadaUniv Fed Maranhao, Sao Luis, Maranhao, BrazilCAFAM Univ Fdn, Bogota, ColombiaUniv Republica, Montevideo, UruguayCtr Educ Med & Invest Clin, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaUniv Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NetherlandsCanadian Fitness & Lifestyle Res Inst, Ottawa, ON, CanadaUniv Fed Juiz de Fora, Juiz De Fora, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, BrazilUniv Montreal, Montreal, PQ, CanadaUniv Vale Rio dos Sinos, Sao Leopoldo, BrazilNatl Council Sci & Tech Res, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaUniv West Indies, Kingston, JamaicaMinist Hlth, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaInst Nacl Salud Publ, Mexico City, DF, MexicoUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilHosp Clin Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilMcGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, CanadaAndes Clin Cardiometab Studies, Timotes, VenezuelaNatl Inst Hyg Epidemiol & Microbiol, Havana, CubaUniv ICESI, Cali, ColombiaUniv Estadual Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, BrazilKings Coll London, London, EnglandInst Clin Effectiveness & Hlth Policy, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaNatl Inst Publ Hlth, Mexico City, DF, MexicoUniv Autonoma Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, ColombiaKingston Gen Hosp, Kingston, ON, CanadaHeart Inst, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilFdn Oftalmol Santander, Bucaramanga, ColombiaSimon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, CanadaInst Trop Med, Antwerp, BelgiumMinist Salud Publ, Havana, CubaHarvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USAWest Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USAFundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rene Rachou Res Inst, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Fed Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, BrazilHosp Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilEmory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USAGorgas Mem Inst Hlth Studies, Panama City, PanamaSTAT Canada, Ottawa, ON, CanadaUniv Med Sci, Havana, CubaGorgas Mem Inst Publ Hlth, Panama City, PanamaUniv Puerto Rico, Med Sci Campus, San Juan, PR 00936 USAUniv Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USAMinas Gerais State Secretariat Hlth, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Nove de Julho, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilPubl Hlth Agcy Canada, Ottawa, ON, CanadaUniv Ind Santander, Bucaramanga, ColombiaNatl Inst Hlth, Lima, PeruUniv Sao Paulo, Clin Hosp, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilHosp Italiano Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaUniv Ctr Occidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barranquilla, ColombiaEpidemiol & Microbiol Inst, Havana, CubaUniv Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilWHO, Geneva, SwitzerlandMiddlesex Univ, London, EnglandUniv Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilAlliance for Health Policy and Systems Research: HQHSR1206660Bernard Lown Scholars in Cardiovascular Health Program at Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health: BLSCHP-1902Newton-Paulet Fund: 223-2018Newton-Paulet Fund: 224-2018DFID/MRC/Wellcome Global Health Trials: MR/M007405/1Fogarty International Center: R21TW009982Fogarty International Center: D71TW010877Grand Challenges Canada: 0335-04International Development Research Center Canada: IDRC 106887International Development Research Center Canada: 108167Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research: IAI CRN3036Medical Research Council: MR/P008984/1Medical Research Council: MR/P024408/1Medical Research Council: MR/P02386X/1National Cancer Institute: 1P20CA217231National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: HHSN268200900033CNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: 5U01HL114180National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: 1UM1HL134590National Institute of Mental Health: 1U19MH098780Swiss National Science Foundation: 40P740-160366Wellcome: 074833/Z/04/ZWellcome: 093541/Z/10/ZWellcome: 107435/Z/15/ZWellcome: 103994/Z/14/ZWellcome: 205177/Z/16/ZWellcome: 214185/Z/18/ZWorld Diabetes Foundation: WDF15-122
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A combined reference panel from the 1000 Genomes and UK10K projects improved rare variant imputation in European and Chinese samples
No full textImputation using the 1000 Genomes haplotype reference panel has been widely adapted to estimate genotypes in genome wide association studies. To evaluate imputation quality with a relatively larger reference panel and a reference panel composed of different ethnic populations, we conducted imputations in the Framingham Heart Study and the North Chinese Study using a combined reference panel from the 1000 Genomes (N = 1,092) and UK10K (N = 3,781) projects. For rare variants with 0.01% < MAF ≤ 0.5%, imputation in the Framingham Heart Study with the combined reference panel increased well-imputed genotypes (with imputation quality score ≥0.4) from 62.9% to 76.1% when compared to imputation with the 1000 Genomes. For the North Chinese samples, imputation of rare variants with 0.01% < MAF ≤ 0.5% with the combined reference panel increased well-imputed genotypes by from 49.8% to 61.8%. The predominant European ancestry of the UK10K and the combined reference panels may explain why there was less of an increase in imputation success in the North Chinese samples. Our results underscore the importance and potential of larger reference panels to impute rare variants, while recognizing that increasing ethnic specific variants in reference panels may result in better imputation for genotypes in some ethnic groups.Version of Recor
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Mapping cell type-specific transcriptional enhancers using high affinity, lineage-specific Ep300 bioChIP-seq
No full textUnderstanding the mechanisms that regulate cell type-specific transcriptional programs requires developing a lexicon of their genomic regulatory elements. We developed a lineage-selective method to map transcriptional enhancers, regulatory genomic regions that activate transcription, in mice. Since most tissue-specific enhancers are bound by the transcriptional co-activator Ep300, we used Cre-directed, lineage-specific Ep300 biotinylation and pulldown on immobilized streptavidin followed by next generation sequencing of co-precipitated DNA to identify lineage-specific enhancers. By driving this system with lineage-specific Cre transgenes, we mapped enhancers active in embryonic endothelial cells/blood or skeletal muscle. Analysis of these enhancers identified new transcription factor heterodimer motifs that likely regulate transcription in these lineages. Furthermore, we identified candidate enhancers that regulate adult heart- or lung- specific endothelial cell specialization. Our strategy for tissue-specific protein biotinylation opens new avenues for studying lineage-specific protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22039.001Version of Recor
A Role of Oral Bacteria in Bisphosphonate-induced Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
No full textNo consensus has yet been reached to associate oral bacteria conclusively with the etio-pathogenesis of bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw (BONJ). Therefore, the present study examined the effects of oral bacteria on the development of BONJ-like lesions in a mouse model. In the pamidronate (Pam)-treated mice, but not control non-drug-treated mice, tooth extraction followed by oral infection with Fusobacterium nucleatum caused BONJ-like lesions and delayed epithelial healing, both of which were completely suppressed by a broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktail. Furthermore, in both in vitro and in vivo experiments, the combination of Pam and Fusobacterium nucleatum caused the death of gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and down-regulated their production of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), which induces epithelial cell growth and migration. Therefore, in periodontal tissues pre-exposed to bisphosphonate, bacterial infection at tooth extraction sites caused diminished KGF expression in GFs, leading to a delay in the epithelial wound-healing process that was mitigated by antibiotics.NIH from the NIDCRForsyth Inst, Dept Immunol, Cambridge, MA 02142 USAHarvard Univ, Sch Dent Med, Dept Oral Med Infect & Immun, Boston, MA 02115 USAKing Abdulaziz Univ, Oral Med Div, Fac Dent, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaUNESP São Paulo State Univ, Sch Dent Araraquara, Dept Oral Diag & Surg, BR-14801903 São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Dammam, Coll Dent, Restorat Dent Sci Dept, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaUCLA Sch Dent, Div Adv Prosthodont Biomat & Hosp Dent, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USAUNESP São Paulo State Univ, Sch Dent Araraquara, Dept Oral Diag & Surg, BR-14801903 São Paulo, SP, BrazilNIH: DE-18499NIH from the NIDCR: DE-1991
THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY REVERBERATION MAPPING PROJECT: RAPID C (IV) BROAD ABSORPTION LINE VARIABILITY
No full textWe report the discovery of rapid variations of a high-velocity C (IV) broad absorption line trough in the quasar SDSS J141007.74+541203.3. This object was intensively observed in 2014 as a part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project, during which 32 epochs of spectroscopy were obtained with the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey spectrograph. We observe significant (>4 sigma) variability in the equivalent width (EW) of the broad (similar to 4000 km s(-1) wide) C (IV) trough on rest-frame timescales as short as 1.20 days (similar to 29 hr), the shortest broad absorption line variability timescale yet reported. The EW varied by similar to 10% on these short timescales, and by about a factor of two over the duration of the campaign. We evaluate several potential causes of the variability, concluding that the most likely cause is a rapid response to changes in the incident ionizing continuum. If the outflow is at a radius where the recombination rate is higher than the ionization rate, the timescale of variability places a lower limit on the density of the absorbing gas of n(e) greater than or similar to 3.9 x 105 cm(-3). The broad absorption line variability characteristics of this quasar are consistent with those observed in previous studies of quasars, indicating that such short-term variability may in fact be common and thus can be used to learn about outflow characteristics and contributions to quasar/host-galaxy feedback scenarios.NSF [AST-1108604, AST-1009756, AST-1008882]; V.M. Willaman Endowment; NSERC; NASA through Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute [51330, 51314]; NASA [NAS 5-26555]; NSF AAPF fellowship under NSF [AST-1302093]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; University of Arizona; Brazilian Participation Group; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Carnegie Mellon University; University of Florida; French Participation Group; German Participation Group; Harvard University; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias; Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics; New Mexico State University; New York University; Ohio State University; Pennsylvania State University; University of Portsmouth; Princeton University; Spanish Participation Group; University of Tokyo; University of Utah; Vanderbilt University; University of Virginia; University of Washington; Yale UniversitySCI(E)[email protected]
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