351 research outputs found

    Mechanical and thermal analysis of basalt grid reinforced particleboards containing flame retardants

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    Abstract Flame retardants and other additives can reduce the performance of adhesives used to produce wood-based panels such as particleboards (PB). Basalt reinforcement was evaluated to compensate for the loss of bending strength to allow the panels to be used in the construction sector. A basalt grid with a grammage of 200 g m −2 was used to reinforce PB containing 15 m% nitrogen-phosphate based flame retardant. The modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the reinforced panels were higher (69% and 24%, respectively) than those of corresponding reference panels. The thermal analysis revealed that the addition of the flame retardant could result in the PB being upgraded to Euroclass B with a reduced crack formation, as identified via 3D-microscopy. Consequently, the use of basalt grid as a reinforcement material could be a way to reinforce panels that contain strength-reducing additives.Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010812Georg-August-Universität Göttingen 50110000338

    Surface modification of basalt used for reinforcement of wood-based panels

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    Funder: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001866 Fonds National de la Recherche LuxembourgFunder: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010812 Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e

    Profit as Social Rent: Embeddedness and Stratification in Markets

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    This article shows how research on the social structure of markets may contribute to the analysis the growing income inequality in contemporary capitalist economies. The author proposes a theoretical link between embeddedness and social stratification by discussing the role of institutions and networks in markets for the distribution of economic profits between firms. The author claims that we must understand profit and free competition as opposites, as economic theory does. In the main part of the article the author illustrates six typical mechanisms of rent extraction from networks or formal and symbolic rules that embed markets. They emerge from material as well as symbolical access to and influence on the orientation of other market actors. Social structures in markets lead to unequal chances for rent extraction, even if actors produce them for coordination rather than for accumulation purposes. This is how market sociology and theory of capitalism can be linked more closely

    Hybrid threats, cyber warfare and NATO's comprehensive approach for countering 21st century threats - mapping the new frontier of global risk and security management

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    The author examines NATO's comprehensive conceptual framework (the Capstone Concept) for identifying and discussing emerging threats to international peace and security including cyber war and possible multi-stakeholder responses. Article by Sascha-Dominik bachmann, Senior Lectuer in Law, School of Law, University of Portsmouth

    Hybrid threats, cyber warfare and NATO's comprehensive approach for countering 21st century threats - mapping the new frontier of global risk and security management

    No full text
    The author examines NATO's comprehensive conceptual framework (the Capstone Concept) for identifying and discussing emerging threats to international peace and security including cyber war and possible multi-stakeholder responses. Article by Sascha-Dominik bachmann, Senior Lectuer in Law, School of Law, University of Portsmouth

    Emissions trading systems with cap adjustments

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    AbstractEmissions Trading Systems (ETSs) with fixed caps lack provisions to address systematic imbalances in the supply and demand of permits due to changes in the state of the regulated economy. We propose a mechanism which adjusts the allocation of permits based on the current bank of permits. The mechanism spans the spectrum between a pure quantity instrument and a pure price instrument. We solve the firms׳ emissions control problem and obtain an explicit dependency between the key policy stringency parameter—the adjustment rate—and the firms׳ abatement and trading strategies. We present an analytical tool for selecting the optimal adjustment rate under both risk-neutrality and risk-aversion, which provides an analytical basis for the regulator׳s choice of a responsive ETS policy
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