1,721,082 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Benchmarking Robustness in Object Detection: Autonomous Driving when Winter is Coming
No full textThe ability to detect objects regardless of image distortions or weather conditions is crucial for real-world applications of deep learning like autonomous driving. We here provide an easy-to-use benchmark to assess how object detection models perform when image quality degrades. The three resulting benchmark datasets, termed Pascal-C, Coco-C and Cityscapes-C, contain a large variety of image corruptions. We show that a range of standard object detection models suffer a severe performance loss on corrupted images (down to 30-60% of the original performance). However, a simple data augmentation trick - stylizing the training images - leads to a substantial increase in robustness across corruption type, severity and dataset. We envision our comprehensive benchmark to track future progress towards building robust object detection models. Benchmark, code and data are available at: http://github.com/bethgelab/robust-detection-benchmar
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Benchmarking Robustness in Object Detection: Autonomous Driving when Winter is Coming
No full textThe ability to detect objects regardless of image distortions or weather conditions is crucial for real-world applications of deep learning like autonomous driving. We here provide an easy-to-use benchmark to assess how object detection models perform when image quality degrades. The three resulting benchmark datasets, termed Pascal-C, Coco-C and Cityscapes-C, contain a large variety of image corruptions. We show that a range of standard object detection models suffer a severe performance loss on corrupted images (down to 30-60% of the original performance). However, a simple data augmentation trick - stylizing the training images - leads to a substantial increase in robustness across corruption type, severity and dataset. We envision our comprehensive benchmark to track future progress towards building robust object detection models. Benchmark, code and data are available at: http://github.com/bethgelab/robust-detection-benchmar
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Early Timing Exploration of Embedded Software for Heterogeneous Platforms
Get PDFUnter wachsender Aufgabenkomplexität und Time-to-Market-Druck sind moderne eingebettete
Systeme üblicherweise durch große Softwareanwendungen gekennzeichnet, die kollaborativ
auf komplexen Multiprozessor- und heterogenen Rechenplattformen ausgeführt werden.
Darüber hinaus treiben funktionale und nicht-funktionale Anforderungen das Design und
die Entwicklung solcher leistungskritischen eingebetteten Systeme voran. Einerseits bieten
diese leistungsfähigen Plattformen hohe Rechenleistungen, andererseits schränkt die Komplexität
ihrer Architekturen die Analysierbarkeit der Performance des Gesamtsystems ein.
Nicht-funktionale Eigenschaften, wie zum Beispiel die Ausführungszeit, müssen bereits in
den frühen Entwurfsphasen eines Systems bewertet werden. Aus diesem Grund sind die Designer
und Ingenieure während der Entwurfsraumuntersuchung in der Regel daran interessiert,
verschiedene Hardware- und Softwarekonfigurationen zu evaluieren, um die am besten geeignete
Konfiguration zu ermitteln, die sicherstellt, dass die endgültige Implementierung die
strengen Leistungsanforderungen erfüllen kann. Diese Evaluierung wird normalerweise über
virtuelle Prototypen durchgeführt, die auf einem Timing-Simulator basieren. Die Effektivität
der Evaluierung hängt von der Geschwindigkeit und Genauigkeit des zugrunde liegenden
Simulators ab. Daher ist eine Simulationsmethodik unerlässlich, um die frühzeitige Evaluierung
mehrerer Hardware- und Softwarekonfigurationen eines Systems zu unterstützen.
In dieser Dissertation wird eine neuartige Simulationsmethodik vorgeschlagen, die es ermöglicht,
die Leistung mehrerer Konfigurationen eines eingebetteten Systems schnell und genau
zu bewerten. Die Definition der Simulationsmethodik erfordert die Bewältigung mehrerer
schwieriger Herausforderungen, die für Leistungssimulatoren üblich sind. Die vorgeschlagene
Methodik basiert auf der Zwischenrepräsentation des Programms, die intern im Compiler
ist und ein vorteilhaftes Abstraktionsniveau sowohl für die Analyse- als auch für die Simulationsphase
gewährleistet. Die Zwischendarstellung ist architekturunabhängig und erlaubt
es, mehrere Konfigurationen in nur einer Simulation zu evaluieren. Diese Wahl erfordert ein
geeignetes Mapping- Verfahren, um die Strukturen eines Programms in der Zwischendarstellung
und der Binärdarstellung abzugleichen. Deren Strukturen können sich aufgrund der
Auswirkungen von aggressiven Compiler-Optimierungen, die einen direkten Abgleich unmöglich
machen, erheblich unterscheiden. Aus diesem Grund wird in dieser Dissertation ein
innovativer Zwei-Phasen-Algorithmus vorgeschlagen, um dieses schwierige Problem zu bewältigen.
Basierend auf diesen Mappings und einer geeigneten Technik zur Modellierung des
Timing-Verhaltens von Programmen können durch schnelle Simulationen genaue Leistungsabschätzungen
erstellt werden. Darüber hinaus zeigen die durchgeführten experimentellen Evaluierungsergebnisse, dass die Simulationsmethodik zur frühzeitigen Evaluierung des Designs
komplexer heterogener Systeme eingesetzt werden kann. Schließlich ermöglichen die
erhöhten Simulationsgeschwindigkeiten die Definition einer neuen Co-Simulationstechnik
für die Bewertung der Leistungsfähigkeit eingebetteter Systeme, die direkt auf einer modellgetriebenen
Umgebung wie der von Simulink entwickelt werden.Under growing tasks complexity and time-to-market pressures, modern embedded systems are commonly characterized by large software applications that are collaboratively executed on complex multiprocessing and heterogeneous computation platforms. Furthermore, functional and non-functional requirements drive the design and development of such performance-critical embedded systems. On the one hand, these powerful platforms offer high-computation
capabilities, but on the other hand, the complexity of their architectures limits the performance analyzability of the complete system. Non-functional properties, such as the execution time, have to be assessed since the early design stages of a system. For this reason, during the design space exploration activities, the designers and the engineers are commonly interested in evaluating different hardware and software configurations for determining the
most suitable one for ensuring that the final implementation can satisfy the strict performance requirements. This evaluation is usually conducted via virtual prototypes that rely on a timing simulator. The effectiveness of the evaluation depends on the speed and accuracy of the underlying simulator. Therefore, a simulation methodology is essential for supporting the early evaluation of multiple hardware and software configurations of a system.
This thesis proposes a novel simulation methodology that allows to rapidly and accurately evaluate the performance of multiple configurations of an embedded system. The definition of the simulation methodology requires facing multiple hard challenges that are common to performance simulators. The proposed methodology is based on the program’s intermediate representation that is internal to the compiler and it ensures a beneficial level of abstraction for both the analysis and simulation stages. The intermediate representation is architecture-independent
and it allows evaluating multiple configurations in only one simulation. This choice requires an appropriate mapping technique for matching the structures of a program at the intermediate and the binary representations. Their structures may substantially differ due to the effects of aggressive compiler optimizations that make a direct matching impossible. For this reason, this thesis proposes an innovative two-phases algorithm for tackling this hard problem. Relying on these mappings and on an appropriate technique for modelling the timing behavior of programs, accurate performance estimations can be produced via fast simulations. Furthermore, the conducted experimental evaluation results show that the simulation methodology can be applied for early evaluating the design of complex heterogeneous systems. Finally, the elevated simulation speed capabilities enable the definition of a new co-simulation technique for evaluating the performance of embedded systems that are developed directly on a model-driven environment such as the one provided by Simulink
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