1,720,965 research outputs found
Antipatharians of the Mesophotic Zone: Four Case Studies
No full textAbout 63% of the known antipatharian genera occur
at mesophotic depths (30–150 m), with the majority
extending into the deep sea. Along the continental shelf
and offshore sites, antipatharians tend to increase in
diversity and abundance with depth, reaching a peak at
mesophotic depths due to favorable environmental factors
enhancing their settlement and growth and biotic factors
associated with lower levels of competition for space. A
review of taxonomic and ecological studies for shallow
and mesophotic antipatharians is presented for four
regionally based case studies, three in the tropics (1)
Central Indo-Pacific,
plus adjacent sections of the Western
Indo-Pacific, (2) Eastern Indo-Pacific (primarily Hawaiʻi),
and (3) the Caribbean Sea) and one at temperate latitudes
in the Mediterranean Sea and adjacent sections of the
Northeast Atlantic. The mesophotic fauna is mainly represented
by the families Antipathidae, Aphanipathidae,
and Myriopathidae. The most diverse community is found
in the Central/Western Indo-Pacific, followed by the
Caribbean Sea. The tropical antipatharians are represented
by shallow species that extend their distribution into the
upper mesophotic zone (30–60 m), while the temperate
antipatharians consist of deepwater (> 150 m) species that
extend upward into the lower part of the mesophotic zone.
Black corals in mesophotic coral ecosystems can be
habitat-forming components of benthic assemblages on
hard substratum. They have an enormous potential for
hidden biodiversity and play an important ecological role
for the broader marine ecosystem. The threats to antipatharians
consist of demersal fishing activities and coral harvesting,
which may be highly destructive to these poorly
understood systems
Bonaire and Curaçao
No full textBonaire and Curaçao are oceanic islands surrounded by coral reefs on their leeward sides extending steeply down to mesophotic depths (30–150 m). Easy access from shore, as well as the geopolitical context of the two islands, has made the mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) of Bonaire and Curaçao among the most well studied in the world. MCE research has been conducted in the region since the 1970s, and ongoing research employs state-of-the-art exploration technologies such as manned submersibles, autonomous underwater vehicles, and mixed-gas, rebreather technology. Mesophotic coral communities in Bonaire and Curaçao are typically dominated by agariciids, with Agaricia lamarcki and A. grahamae covering a substantial proportion of the substrate at upper mesophotic depths (30–60 m), while the lower mesophotic (>60 m) consists predominantly of A. grahamae and A. undata. Although much of the habitat is dominated by sediment with only patchy coral growth, in some locations coral assemblages can cover up to 100% of the seafloor down to depths of 70–85 m. Recent biodiversity studies, mostly focusing on fishes, sponges, and corals, documented only limited overlap between shallow and mesophotic reef communities, and that MCE biodiversity is strongly structured by depth. Since MCEs in Bonaire and Curaçao harbor highly specialized communities facing specific threats deriving from their proximity to urbanized land, these ecosystems warrant new management policies and conservation measures. These measures should protect the whole extent of these reefs, which rank among the healthiest in the Caribbean region
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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