1,721,085 research outputs found
Characterization of the metabolic response of carrots after Alternaria dauci infection
No full textLa brûlure due à Alternaria dauci est la maladie foliaire la plus préjudiciable chez la Carotte. Elle peut rendre la récolte mécanique impossible ou être responsable de refus de lots de semences contaminés. Certains loci de caractères quantitatifs (QTL) pour la résistance (rQTL) à cette maladie ont été identifiés. L’objectif de cette thèse était de décortiquer les mécanismes de résistance sous-jacents à ces rQTL. Par une approche métabolomique, nous avons identifié 12 flavonoïdes et 21 terpènes différentiellement accumulés entre génotypes résistants et sensible. En nous appuyant sur la recherche de colocalisation entre QTL d’accumulation de métabolites (mQTL) et rQTL suivi d’une démarche de transcritomique par analyse de puce microarray, nous avons montré que l’accumulation de l’apigénine 7-O-rutinoside, du chrysoériol 7-O-rutinoside et de la lutéoline 7-O-rutinoside était significativement corrélée avec le niveau de résistance des génotypes et nous avons identifié une UDP-glucosyltransférase et un facteur de transcription bHLH comme gènes candidats éventuellement liés à l’accumulation de ces métabolites. En suivant la même démarche pour la famille des terpènes, nous avons mis en lumière sept terpènes candidats associés à la résistance : α-pinène, camphène, α-bisabolène, α-humulène, β-cubébène, caryophyllène et germacrène D. Nous avons aussi identifié des gènes candidats potentiellement liés à leur accumulation, à savoir quatre terpène-synthases (TPS) et 18 facteurs de transcription (WRKY, NAC bZIP et ERF). L’ensemble de ces métabolites et gènes constituent un répertoire, inédit chez la carotte, de candidats pour comprendre les mécanismes de résistance à Alternaria dauci. Afin d’obtenir des génotypes avec un niveau de résistance plus élevé et une durabilité potentiellement accrue, le cumul dans un même génotype des différents mécanismes évoqués dans cette thèse, s’ils sont confirmés, pourra donner aux sélectionneurs une ressource précieuse.Leaf Blight due to Alternaria dauci is the most damaging foliar disease in Carrot. It can make mechanical harvesting impossible or be responsible for rejection of contaminated seed lots. Some quantitative trait loci for resistance (rQTL) to this disease have been identified. The objective of this thesis was to analyse the resistance mechanisms underlying these rQTLs. Through a metabolomics approach, we identified 14 phenylpropanoid derivatives, including 12 flavonoids and 21 terpenes differentially accumulated between resistant and susceptible genotypes. Based on the search for colocalization between metabolite accumulation QTL (mQTL) and rQTL followed by a microarray chip transcriptomics approach, we have shown that the accumulation of apigenin 7-O-rutinoside, chrysoeriol 7-O rutinoside and luteolin 7-O-rutinoside was significantly correlated with the level of resistance of genotypes and we identified an UDP-glucosyltransferase and a bHLH transcription factor as candidate genes related to the accumulation of these metabolites. Following the same approach for the terpene family, we have identified seven terpene candidates associated with resistance: α-pinene, camphene, α-bisabolene, α humulene, β-cubebene, caryophyllene and germacrene D. Camphene and α-pinene belong to the monoterpene subfamily while the other five are sesquiterpenes. We have also identified candidate genes related to their accumulation, namely four terpene syntases (TPS) and 18 transcription factors (WRKY, NAC bZIP and ERF) known to be associated with terpene synthesis
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Affect and Responsibility in family : philosophical and technical approach
No full textDans les rapports familiaux, les mécanismes de la responsabilité paraîssent s’appliquer plus difficilement qu’ailleurs. Qu’il s’agisse d’engager la responsabilité des époux, ou bien celle d’un parent envers son enfant, ou même encore de juger un délinquant passionnel, il peut être malaisé de déterminer les parts de responsabilité et de culpabilité qui reviennent à chacun. L’élément affectif, qui n’est pas regardé en principe comme un objet possible du droit, est susceptible d’expliquer cette difficulté. L’objet de cette thèse est donc de découvrir ce que peut être cet affect, et s’il intervient effectivement de façon significative dans les responsabilités familiales. Dans la pensée classique, l’affect n’a pas d’autonomie, en ce sens qu’il est toujours assimilé et réduit à d’autres notions, telles que l’émotion ou la volonté. En le dégageant de ces réductions, pourtant, l’affect peut être un élément isolable, qui est clairement identifiable dans le lien conjugal ou dans la filiation. L’affect est ainsi un élément concret, mais aussi dynamique, en ce sens qu’il est doté d’une valeur normative. Il est donc capable, non seulement d’éclairer des situations familiales pour lesquelles la responsabilité, civile ou pénale, doit être mise en oeuvre, mais encore de porter une valeur, que le droit peut découvrir et protéger.In family relations, responsibility mechanism seems to apply themselves with much more difficulty then elsewhere. Whether it engages the responsibility of the married couple, or the one of a parent towards his child, or even to judge a crime of passion, it can be difficult to determine the responsibility or guilt of each party. The affectif element, that is usually not considered like a text of law, is likely to explain this difficulty. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to discover what can be this affect, and if it indeed intervenes in a significant way in family responsibilities. In the classical thought, the affect has no autonomy, in a way that it is always assimilated and reduced to other notions such as emotion or free will. Removing these simplifications, the affect can be an element which can be isolated and clearly identified in the conjugal link or in filiation. Consequently, the affect is a concret element, but also dynamic, in the way it is doted by a normative value. It is therefore able, not only to enlighten family situations for which, civil or penal responsibility must be applied, but must also carry a value, that law may discover and protect
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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