45 research outputs found
Cicero vs. Mark Antony: identity construction and ingroup/outgroup formation in Philippics One and Three
No full textThis chapter is concerned with the beginning of the conflict between Cicero and Mark Antony, which was sparked by the orator’s performance of the Philippics and ended with his death in 43 BCE. This starting point has been the subject of much debate among many scholars, including Ramsey (2003), Manuwald (2007), and Usher (2010). Based on Cicero’s intent with and Antony’s interpretation of the speeches, the content of the speeches, and the political climate of 44-43 BCE Rome, they have argued convincingly in favor of either Philippic One or Philippic Three as the conflict’s beginning. This chapter adds to their analyses by taking a Social Constructionist approach to the texts, considering the subtle ways in which Cicero constructs Antony’s identity in Philippics One and Three through his use of language. Taking the three dimensions of identity construction suggested by Bamberg (e.g. 2011a) - sameness/difference, agency, and diachronic identity navigation - as a starting point, it investigates the linguistic devices that contribute to ingroup/outgroup formation. Based on an analysis of phenomena such as category-bound activities, footing-shifts, agency expression, and dissociative demonstratives, it concludes that the conflict between Cicero and Antony started with Philippic Three
Haec urbs est Thebae
No full textThis paper analyses the use of proximal deixis in Mercury’s prologue to Plautus’ Amphitruo. The study revolves around the referential ambiguity that characterizes proximal deictics such as here and this city, arguing that it contributes significantly to the blurred distinction between reality and fiction that is typical for Plautine theatre, and for his prologues in particular. The paper shows (1) that proximal deictics play a crucial role in Mercury’s creation of and transition into the fictional world; (2) that their unique referential features during audience address enable Mercury to transform the spectators’ surroundings in addition to his own; and (3) that their use underlines the similarity between Rome and fictional Thebes, which is subsequently connected to the Greek setting of Plautus’ plays and their performance during Roman festivals. Moreover, the paper claims that Mercury partly relies on proximal deixis for the inductive effect of his prologue
Movenda iam sunt bella: Persuasion in Juno’s Prologue to Hercules Furens
No full textSeneca’s Hercules Furens opens with a monologue delivered by Juno (lines 1–124). Similar to other Senecan prologues, Juno’s speech is widely considered a train of thought whose main dramatic function is to display the goddess’ violent emotions. This paper, by contrast, considers the prologue’s rhetorical side, exploring the idea that it is shaped as a piece of communication aimed at persuading the audi-ence to side with Juno’s negative evaluation of Hercules. Relying on an approach that combines insights from Discourse Analysis and common ground theory, we study the prologue both on a macro-level, by looking at its structure, and on a micro-level, by analyzing the linguistic elements that index the communicative function of Juno’s words. Rather than uttering an erratic flow of words dictated by her anger and hunger for revenge, Juno in her prologue builds upon a specific aspect of her current circumstances to argue that her personal situation applies (or will apply) to the whole universe. This structure ultimately underlines the urgency to stop Hercules
A typology of demonstrative clause linkers
No full textAcross languages, demonstratives provide a frequent diachronic source for a wide range of grammatical markers, including certain types of clause linkers such as English so, that, thus and therefore. Drawing on data from a sample of 100 languages, this chapter presents a cross-linguistic survey of (grammaticalised) demonstratives that are routinely used to combine clauses or propositions. The study shows that demonstrative clause linkers occur in a large variety of constructions including all major types of subordinate clauses and paratactic sentences. Concentrating on the most frequent types, the chapter considers (grammaticalised) demonstratives functioning as (i) relative pronouns, (ii) linking and nominalising articles, (iii) quotative markers, (iv) complementisers, (v) conjunctive adverbs, (vi) adverbial subordinate conjunctions, (vii) correlatives and (viii) topic markers. It is the purpose of the chapter to provide a comprehensive overview of demonstrative clause linkers from a cross-linguistic perspective and to consider the mechanisms of change that are involved in the grammaticalisation of demonstratives in clause linkage constructions.
Quia, quoniam, and information management in Plautus
No full textsponsorship: The research presented in this article was funded by the Anchoring Innovation project, which is the Gravitation Grant research agenda of the Dutch National Research School in Classical Studies, OIKOS. It isfinanciallysupported by the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (NWO projectnumber 024.003.012). For more information about the research program and itsresults, see the website www.anchoringinnovation.nl. (Anchoring Innovation project, Dutch National Research School in Classical Studies, OIKOS, Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (NWO)|024.003.012)status: Publishe
Palaemnema lorae Jocque & Garrison 2022, n. sp.
No full text8. Palaemnema lorae Jocque & Garrison, n. sp. Figs. 2–4, 6–10 Holotype ♂: HONDURAS: Cortés Dept., CNP, Cantiles, Trail 5, small river close to camp, N15.513457 W88.241681; 1846m, 23 June 2012 collected by Merlijn Jocque, field code: BINCO _HON_12_047 (RBINS). Paratypes: same data but: 20 June 2013, 1♂; same data but: 4 August 2013, 1♂; same data but: 30 July 2015, 1♂; same data but: 9 June 2017, 1♂; Cortecito camp, N15.521825 W88.288277, 1363m, 29 June 2011, collected by Merlijn Jocque, 1♂; field codes: BINCO _HON_11_029, BINCO _HON_13_038-039, BINCO _HON_15_051, BINCO _HON_17_007 (RWG); El Danto camp, Tr 4, CNP, Honduras, N15.53593 W88.2854, 1481m, 28 June 2014, collected by Merlijn Jocque, 2♂♂; field codes: BINCO _HON_14_091-092 (MJ). Etymology: Named lorae (Latinized name) after Lore Geeraert, friend of the senior author who contributed to the study of dragonflies in CNP and in honor of her love for all living things and the rainforest. Description of holotype (colors not well preserved, Fig. 2) Head: labium ivory white with tips of median and lateral lobes and movable hook becoming black; maxilla palp ivory white, maxillary palps black; labrum pale margined apically in black; genae, clypeus and base of mandibles pale; antefrons pale, postfrons pale margined basally with black; remainder of head black with metallic reflections and with an obscure brown spot laterad to lateral ocellus; rear of head entirely black; transverse occipital carina present but poorly developed, its lateral extremity not angular or pronounced but merging with remainder of occipital lobe. Thorax. Prothorax black dorsally, lateral portion of middle lobe pale; propleuron black; most of mesepisterum including dorsal carina black, merging above with black on mesepisternum, pale antehumeral stripe narrow, enlarged basally and narrowing dorsally and ending before antealar sinus; posterior half of mesepimeron and anterior half of metepisternum pale; broad black metepleural stripe present, its posterior margin of varied outline, an obscure pale spot just below antealar carina and anterior to obsolete mesopleural suture (Figs. 2, 6), venter of thorax ivory; coxae and trochanters ivory (possibly blue in life); femora pale but darkened apically, protibia largely black; meso- and metatibiae mostly pale with obscure dark areas along margins; tarsi and armature black. Wings hyaline, venation (Fig. 8, paratype) black; pterostigma elongate, rhomboid, brown, surmounting 1 ¾ cells in all wings; Px Fw: 19/20, Hw 18/17; RP 2 at Fw 8/8, Hw: 7/7; IR 1 at Fw 10/9, Hw 9/9; MP ending at level origin of IR 1 in Fw, 2.5 cells distal to origin of IR 1 in Hw. Abdomen including appendages black except for obscure lateral basal rings on S4–7 (Figs. 2–4). Genital ligula (Fig. 9) of type B of Calvert (1931). Cercus (Fig. 9) semicircular armed above with a small dorsal tooth at 0.5 of appendage length, apex of cercus entire; paraproct semicircular, about ¾ length of cercus, the distal 0.50 laminar, concave medially, its tip ending in a simple medially directed unmodified spine. Dimensions: Hw 33, abdomen 48, total length 57. Variation in paratypes: Extent of black on mesepimeron varies with two males with entire mesepimeron black (Fig. 7). Px Fw: 20–21; Hw: 18–20; RP 2 at Fw 6–8, Hw: 7; IR 1 at Fw 9–11, Hw 8–9; Hw: 32–35; Abdomen:48– 51. Diagnosis: A large species (56–60mm) with pale colors most likely blue in life (Fig. 3) with tip of paraproct ending in a simple acute tip (Fig. 9). Male of P. lorae is larger than any known congener with the exception of P. gigantula Calvert, 1931. However, in the latter species the wings are comparatively shorter with the Hw extending about midway to S5 (Fig. 5) compared to about midway to S 6 in P. lorae (Fig. 2). S8–10 are primarily blue in P. gigantula but entirely black in P. lorae. Male of P. lorae keys in Calvert (1931) to couplet OO (Abdominal segment nine black) then to P. carmelita Ris, 1918 (RR. Superior appendages with apex not excised, superior tooth at 0.48– 0.53 of appendage length; basal tooth of inferiors at a most blunt or triangular tubercle; penis form B; mesepimeron and metepisternum obscure bronze violet) but differs from that species as follows: (contrasting characters for P. carmelita in parentheses): Narrow pale antehumeral stripe present (absent); tip of paraproct ending in a simple medially directed unmodified spine (ending in a spatulate tooth with a shallow apical notch, Fig. 11, enlarged and redrawn from Kennedy, 1938). All examined specimens of P. lorae were preserved in ETOH upon capture and, over time, color pattern became obscured upon drying. Some specimens (including holotype) also suffered thoracic pressure distortions resulting in buckling of the venter of the thorax. Biology: Palaemnema lorae was observed within an elevational range of 1363‒1846m along fast flowing crystal-clear forest streams. Forest was mostly lower montane rain forest. Damselflies were observed moving around during brief moments of sunshine penetrating the often-cloudy environment. Otherwise, a gentle beating of the vegetation close to the river edges could trigger movement of individuals. This species is thus far known only from the type locality where it was rare.Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/709913
Verwarmingsenergie: Hoe groot is de invloed van bewoners?
No full textDoor de introductie van de EPC-regelgeving, de verbetering van constructiemethoden en van installatierendementen, wordt verwacht dat de verwarmingsenergie in woningen afneemt. Daardoor zou de invloed van bewonersgedrag op het energiegebruik steeds belangrijker worden. Dit artikel gaat in op de resultaten van statistische onderzoeken.OTB onderzoekOTB Research Institute for the Built Environmen
Type validation of Type4Py using Mypy
No full textResearchers at the Delft University of Technology have developed Type4Py: a tool that uses Machine Learning to predict types for Python code. These predictions can be applied by developers to their python code to increase readability and can later be tested by a type-checker for possible type-errors. If a prediction does not return a type-error that prediction is called type-correct. Type4Py has been evaluated by matching its predictions with earlier annotations, also called ground-truth, and has gotten an MRR of 71.7%. However, Type4Py’s predictions have not been evaluated on their typecorrectness. Therefore, I sought out to answer the following research question: How well does Type4Py perform when validated by the static typechecker Mypy? I answered this research question by answering two sub-questions: How many of Type4Py’s predictions are type-correct? And how many of Type4Py’s predictions are type-correct and match ground-truth? I tested a cleaned subset of the ManyTypes4Py dataset with Mypy by running a greedy strategy where I would always pick Type4Py’s prediction with the highest confidence on three different confidence thresholds: 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 and reached accuracies in terms of typecorrectness of 88%, 91% and 95% for those, respectively. For the case where Type4Py’s predictions matched ground-truth, the predictions on those same thresholds reached accuracies in terms of type-correctness of 95%, 97% and 98%. Comparing this with a similar Type predictor namely, Typilus . Type4Py’s predictions are more typecorrect with a confidence level of at most 50%.CSE3000 Research ProjectComputer Science and Engineerin
The Impact of Electric Aircraft Taxiing: A Probabilistic Analysis and Fleet Assignment Optimization to find Potential Cost- and Emission Reductions
No full textOn-board electric motors can be used to drastically reduce the fuel usage during the taxiing phase of aircraft, leading to cost reductions for airlines and lower amounts of harmful emissions. This study analyses the current state of this innovation and its potential impact on aviation. On a global level, full adoption of electric aircraft taxiing is expected to cause a reduction in jet fuel usage of 846 million kg per year, equivalent to 186 million euros of reduced costs and 2.67 million tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions. This results in a reduction of 0.3% of the total global carbon dioxide emissions of the aviation sector. Locally, airports and their surroundings will benefit significantly from the reduced emissions, because a substantial fraction of airport emissions are due to the taxiing phase. Analysis of the effect of electric aircraft taxiing to key stakeholders such as airlines shows that American airlines would reap substantially larger benefits than European competitors because of consistently higher taxi times in the United States. Low-cost carriers are expected to see smaller impact than traditional hub-and-spoke airlines, due to short taxi times in the secondary airports they predominantly fly to. KLM could save 17.3 million kg of jet fuel annually, representing a cost of 3.8 million euros, which would potentially increase profits by 3%, and a carbon dioxide emission of 55 million kg. Since the road to full adoption is still long, a strategic analysis of the fleet shows the marginal yearly cost reduction per installed electric taxiing system starts at 82 thousand euros for the first product, which reduces to 10 thousand after 100 systems have been installed. Especially the flights between Amsterdam and London, Paris and Manchester should be assigned to aircraft with electric taxiing systems, because these flights would have the most impact given their relatively low flight distance and high taxi times.Aerospace Engineerin
Towards the Visualization of the Turbulence Cascade
No full textA turbulent flow is composed of swirling eddies of many sizes. Energy, which is added to the flow at the larger scales, is transferred down through consecutively smaller eddies until the scale is small enough that viscous forces dominate, at which point the energy is dissipated. The mechanism by which energy is transferred down the scales of eddies is generally described as eddy break-up, but the process of eddies breaking into smaller eddies has never been directly observed. The objective of this research is to identify and visualize eddies and their breakage into smaller eddies in numerically simulated isotropic turbulence flows. A corre- lation vector is defined at each point in space, based upon the dot product of velocity over spatial distance. This function shows eddies as the result of correlation over the entire field for each point, in contrast to ear- lier eddy identification techniques which focus only on local properties of the flow, such as kinetic energy magnitude. The resultant correlation field shows blobs of high correlation, which can be interpreted as the kernel of a coherent structure in the flow. These kernels can be seen splitting into smaller kernels over time — an indication of the turbulent energy cascade at work. Making use of the Biot-Savart law, the veloc- ity field associated with a coherent blob of correlation is generated from the associated vorticity field. The reconstructed velocity field is vortex-like in structure, and appears to break into two separate vortices as the kernel separates into two distinct kernels, yielding a visualization of turbulent eddy dynamics in real space — the first step towards the visualization of the turbulent energy cascade.Molecular Science & Technolog
