303 research outputs found
Profit as Social Rent: Embeddedness and Stratification in Markets
No full textThis article shows how research on the social structure of markets may contribute to the analysis the growing income inequality in contemporary capitalist economies. The author proposes a theoretical link between embeddedness and social stratification by discussing the role of institutions and networks in markets for the distribution of economic profits between firms. The author claims that we must understand profit and free competition as opposites, as economic theory does. In the main part of the article the author illustrates six typical mechanisms of rent extraction from networks or formal and symbolic rules that embed markets. They emerge from material as well as symbolical access to and influence on the orientation of other market actors. Social structures in markets lead to unequal chances for rent extraction, even if actors produce them for coordination rather than for accumulation purposes. This is how market sociology and theory of capitalism can be linked more closely
Beitrag zur Charakterisierung von Grenzflächenphänomenen beim Widerstandspunktschweißen
No full textDie Zielstellung dieser Arbeit beinhaltet die Charakterisierung von Grenzflächenphänomenen, die beim Widerstandspunktschweißen und -punktschweißkleben von Fügeverbindungen des automobilen Karosseriebaus auftreten. Die Unterteilung dieser Arbeit beinhaltet als einen Hauptteil das Widerstandspunktschweißkleben von heterogenen und asymmetrischen Verbindungen aus Stahlwerkstoffen. In diesem Bereich wurde die Erhöhung der schweißtechnischen Verarbeitbarkeit und die Erweiterung des Schweißbereichs definierter Blechdickenkombinationen (BDK) verfolgt. Als zweiter Hauptteil wird das Widerstandspunktschweißen einer AlMg-Legierung behandelt. Hier lagen die Bestrebungen in einer Reduzierung der elektrodenseitigen Degradationserscheinungen und in einer Erhöhung der erreichbaren Elektrodenstandmenge. Zwei heterogene asymmetrische BDK wurden hinsichtlich ihres Schweißbereichs unter Anwendung des Widerstandspunktschweißklebens untersucht. Die Zusammensetzung beider BDK unterscheidet sich durch eine jeweilige Kombination aus dem Kaltumformstahl DX51 und dem Vergütungsstahl 22MnB5. Beide BDK erzielten unter dem Einsatz des Referenzprozesses einen unzureichenden Schweißbereich. Auf Basis dieser Ergebnisse wurden Vorgaben eines geeigneten Vorwärmimpulses definiert, wodurch beide BDK unter Berücksichtigung spezifischer Eigenschaften konditioniert werden konnten. Die Anwendung dieser angepassten Schweißprozesse konnte den jeweiligen Schweißbereich sowohl in Richtung niedriger (Imin) als auch in Richtung höherer Schweißstromstärken (Imax) erweitern. Begründet werden kann dies einerseits durch eine geeignete Vorwärmung und eine hieraus resultierende Unterstützung des Schweißlinsenwachstums im Bereich Imin. Gleichzeitig können die Überhöhungen des elektrischen Widerstands durch die Klebstoffschichten verringert und somit die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Schweißspritzern im Bereich Imax reduziert werden. Das Widerstandspunktschweißen der Legierung AlMg3 unterliegt einer rapiden Degradation der Elektrodenarbeitsflächen. Die Entwicklung von strukturierten Elektrodenarbeitsflächen konnte eine hinreichende Oxidschichtzerstörung erreichen und somit die thermische Belastung der Elektroden reduzieren. Eine zusätzliche Diffusionssperrschicht im Schichtdickenbereich ≤ 3 µm sollte zudem Diffusionsvorgänge im Cu–Al Kontakt unterbinden. Mikro-Strukturierungen (Partikelstrahlprozess) erwiesen sich wenig beständig gegenüber plastischer Deformation, wodurch hohe Ergebnisschwankungen beobachtet werden konnten. Makro-Strukturierungen (Drehprozess) in Form von Multi-Ring-Konturen konnten diese spezifischen Nachteile kompensieren. Zusammen mit den entwickelten Sperrschichten Ni (3,0 µm), W (2,5 µm) und TiB2 (0,6 µm) wurden diese innerhalb von Standmengenuntersuchungen geprüft. TiB2 (0,6 µm) führte aufgrund einer unzureichenden Oxidschichtzerstörung zu einer geringen Elektrodenstandmenge. W (2,5 µm) wies frühzeitig eine Anhaftung von Aluminium auf und führte ebenfalls zu nicht hinreichenden Ergebnissen. Ni (3,0 µm) führte hingegen zu einer deutlichen Reduzierung der Degradationsgeschwindigkeit. Die Kombination aus der Makro-Strukturierung und der Ni-Beschichtung konnte die Elektrodenstandmenge und die Qualität der Fügeverbindungen deutlich steigern.The objective of this work is to characterize interface phenomena that occur during resistance spot welding and spot welding bonding of joints in automotive body construction. One main part of this work focuses on spot welding bonding of heterogeneous and asymmetrical joints made of steel materials. In this area, the aim was to increase the weldability and expand the weld lobe of defined sheet thickness combinations (STC). The second main part focuses on resistance spot welding of an AlMg alloy. Here, the aim was to reduce degradation phenomena on the electrode working face and increase the achievable electrode life. Two heterogeneous asymmetrical STCs were examined with regard to their weldability using resistance spot welding. The composition of both STCs differs in terms of their respective combinations of DX51 cold-formed steel and 22MnB5 tempered steel. Both STCs achieved insufficient weldability when using the reference process. Based on these results, specifications for a suitable preheating pulse were defined, which allowed both STCs to be conditioned taking into account their specific properties. The application of these adapted welding processes was able to extend the respective weld lobe both in the direction of lower (Imin) and higher welding currents (Imax). This can be explained on the one hand by suitable preheating and the resulting support of weld nugget growth in the Imin range. At the same time, the increase in electrical resistance caused by the adhesive layers can be reduced, thereby reducing the probability of weld spatter in the Imax range. Resistance spot welding of the AlMg3 alloy is subject to rapid degradation of the electrode working faces. The development of structured electrode working faces has achieved sufficient oxide layer destruction, thereby reducing the thermal load on the electrodes. An additional diffusion barrier layer with a thickness of ≤ 3 µm should also prevent diffusion processes at the Cu–Al contact. Microstructuring (particle beam process) proved to be less resistant to plastic deformation, causing high variations in results. Macrostructuring (machining process) in the form of multi-ring contours was able to compensate for these specific disadvantages. Together with the developed barrier layers Ni (3.0 µm), W (2.5 µm) and TiB2 (0.6 µm), were tested in electrode life examinations. TiB2 (0.6 µm) led to a low electrode life due to insufficient oxide layer destruction. W (2.5 µm) showed early adhesion of aluminum and also led to unsatisfactory results. Ni (3.0 µm), on the other hand, led to a significant reduction in the degradation rate. The combination of macrostructuring and Ni coating significantly increased the electrode life and the quality of the joints
Hybrid threats, cyber warfare and NATO's comprehensive approach for countering 21st century threats - mapping the new frontier of global risk and security management
No full textThe author examines NATO's comprehensive conceptual framework (the Capstone Concept) for identifying and discussing emerging threats to international peace and security including cyber war and possible multi-stakeholder responses. Article by Sascha-Dominik bachmann, Senior Lectuer in Law, School of Law, University of Portsmouth
Hybrid threats, cyber warfare and NATO's comprehensive approach for countering 21st century threats - mapping the new frontier of global risk and security management
No full textThe author examines NATO's comprehensive conceptual framework (the Capstone Concept) for identifying and discussing emerging threats to international peace and security including cyber war and possible multi-stakeholder responses. Article by Sascha-Dominik bachmann, Senior Lectuer in Law, School of Law, University of Portsmouth
Emissions trading systems with cap adjustments
No full textAbstractEmissions Trading Systems (ETSs) with fixed caps lack provisions to address systematic imbalances in the supply and demand of permits due to changes in the state of the regulated economy. We propose a mechanism which adjusts the allocation of permits based on the current bank of permits. The mechanism spans the spectrum between a pure quantity instrument and a pure price instrument. We solve the firms׳ emissions control problem and obtain an explicit dependency between the key policy stringency parameter—the adjustment rate—and the firms׳ abatement and trading strategies. We present an analytical tool for selecting the optimal adjustment rate under both risk-neutrality and risk-aversion, which provides an analytical basis for the regulator׳s choice of a responsive ETS policy
Armed with swords and scales ::law, culture, and local courtrooms in London, 1860-1913 /
No full textIn the mid-eighteenth century, author and magistrate Henry Fielding adjudicated cases of theft, assault, and public disorder from his London home on Bow Street. By the middle of the nineteenth century, Fielding's modest 'police office' had expanded to become the most prolific court system in Britain and the cornerstone of criminal and civil justice in the metropolis. Sascha Auerbach examines the fascinating history of this institution through the lens of 'courtroom culture' - the combination of formal statute and informal custom that guided everyday practice in the London Police Courts. He offers a new model for understanding the relationship between law, culture, and society in modern Britain and illuminates how the local courtroom became a crucial part of everyday life and thoroughly entangled with popular representations of justice and morality
Open Access: Faculty and graduate student panel discussion
No full textThe Open Access Week panel discussion includes Virginia Tech graduate students, faculty, and alumni who have been involved in open access publishing from the author and editor perspectives. Each will relate their experience with open access, followed by a discussion, including questions from the audience. Light refreshments will be served. Panelists include:
- Carola Haas (faculty, Fish and Wildlife Conservation)
- Scott King (faculty, Geophysics)
- Alison Burke (PhD candidate, Biomedical Sciences)
- Sascha Engel (PhD candidate, ASPECT)
- Titilola Obilade (former adjunct faculty, School of Education)
- Jeremy Ernst (faculty, Integrative STEM Education)Virginia Tech. University LibrariesThis panel discussion was held in the Multipurpose Room of Virginia Tech's Newman Library on October 19, 2015 at 5:30pm EST
Does divorce change your personality? Examining the effect of divorce occurrence on the Big Five personality traits using panel surveys from three countries
No full textExperiencing a divorce can be challenging and have a lasting impact on people's lives, but does it change your personality? By making use of large panel surveys from Australia, Germany, and the United Kingdom, intra-individual change in the Big Five personality traits of those who separated during a four-year observation, was compared to that of those who remained married. We tested the replicability of divorce-induced personality change across the three country samples, while also examining gender differences and separation duration. Latent difference score models mostly indicated that divorce is not a consistent predictor of personality change, as only isolated effects were found, and these could not be replicated across samples. Aside from the overall lack of replicable effects a few isolated effects were detected that offer some support for a modified version of the social investment principle. Nonetheless, the overall finding of this study suggests that experiencing a divorce is unlikely to lead to permanent personality change.Funding
This research was supported by a grant from the Research Council of the University of Antwerp (Grant number 42/FA040100/FFB150348).
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Dries Van Gasse for proof reading the article. The data used in this study was based on unit record data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey. The HILDA Project was initiated and is funded by the Australian Government Department of Social Services (DSS) and is managed by the Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research (Melbourne Institute). The findings and views reported in this paper, however, are those of the author and should not be attributed to either DSS or the Melbourne Institute. Another part of the data used in this publication were made available to us by the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) at the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW), Berlin. The third source of data is the Understanding Society survey, which is an initiative funded by the Economic and Social Research Council and various Government Departments, with scientific leadership by the Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, and survey delivery by NatCen Social Research and Kantar Public. The research data are distributed by the UK Data Service
Author Recognition Test (age 13–80)
No full textAn author recognition test for German-speaking participants aged 13 to 80. This project provides the checklists and the validation study with psychometric information
Paintings of Pueblo Indians and the politics of preservation in the American southwest
No full textThis dissertation investigates paintings of Pueblo Indians produced in the 1920s. Painted at a time when the federal policy of assimilation was being vigorously contested, many of these images are imbued with a preservationist perspective. Artists, such as Marsden Hartley, John Sloan, and Ernest L. Blumenschein, struggled to find a new visual language for representing the Pueblo people, one that would correspond to their protests against assimilationist policy. Through the efforts of artists in favor of the preservation of American Indian culture, a new concept of "Indianness" was popularized. An anthropological perspective, or one that recorded the customs of "vanishing" Indians, was displaced by a subjective vision, which attempted to evoke the abstract qualities of contemporary Indian rituals, such as their rhythms, communalism, and connection to nature. This new visual language, with its ideological complexities and paradoxes, permeates Georgia O'Keeffe's paintings of Indian ceremonials.
A study of the extent to which artists' preservationist stance framed their view of Pueblo Indians, and the visual manifestation of this view in their art, enriches the discourse concerning the art of the Southwest by adding a critical interpretive layer.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 346-362)
- …
