167 research outputs found
What Is the Biological Cause of Dreams?
No full textThe purpose of this experiment was to examine varying types of dreams and how they were connected with our everyday lives. Previous research has shown that the biological causes of dreams can be based on what type of sleep they are in, either REM or NREM, the amount of cortical activation caused by what point of the circadian cycle the dreamer is in, and the type of external or internal stimuli that may initiate the memory sources. In our first (correlational) study, we tested the strength of these relationships by examining naturalistic daily changes in their variables longitudinally over a two-week period. REM sleep was measured by using the information provided from the phone app called Pillow, giving us the percentage spent in REM, as well as the total minutes slept per night from each participant. Amount of sleep in the late circadian morning was measured by recording how many hours past midnight each participant slept in for each night of the study. The amount of light was measured with both the use of an app called Light Meter upon waking each morning and the number of words used to describe each recorded dream by their relevance to light stimulation. Dream recall was determined by the average score that participants gave themselves on a scale of 0-10, depending on the clarity of recalled dreams. Data pooled across participants in our correlational study showed no significant correlations of REM sleep or sleep in the late circadian morning with dream recall. Similarly, light stimulation showed no significant correlation with dream tallies. Although our correlations were not significant, the strongest was sleep in the late circadian morning and dream recall. Based on the strength of correlation found between the strength of dream recall and sleep in late circadian morning in our correlational study, we then conducted a second (experimental) study to test for specifically a causal relationship between these two variables. Over a ten-day period, we randomly assigned participants each day to wake up either one hour earlier or at their normal wake time and measured the effect this had upon dream recall each day. The results of our experimental study showed statistical significance in pooled raw data but not in pooled standardized data. The biological causes of dreams thus remain unsolved.Supervising Instructor & Course Number:
Michael Pollock, Psyc 215 (“Biological Psychology”
Supervisor Development: Clinical Supervisors' Lived Experiences of Supervising Counselors Who Counsel Clients Who Engage in NSSI
No full textThe author has granted permission for their work to be available to the general public.The prevalence of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) continues to grow. Counselors may find it difficult to grasp the complex nature of the behavior. Due to these complexities, counselors may experience increased anxiety or feel a lack of competency when working with clients who engage in NSSI. Therefore, supervisors may play a critical role in increasing counselors' competency levels when working with this vulnerable population. Understanding how supervisors work with their supervisees in relation to NSSI can potentially inform future training opportunities and inform pathways to supervisor competence and development. Thus, it may be important to understand supervisor training and development to better understand supervisees needs. In the present study, Watkin's Supervisor Complexity Model (1990) provided the theoretical framework for supervisor development. A phenomenological approach was utilized to understand the experiences of the nine clinical supervisors who participated in this study. Three main themes were identified with eight subthemes: transition to LPC-S (previous experience, seeking support), conceptualizing NSSI (exposure, difference between NSSI/SI, reaction to NSSI), supervisor role within supervision (normalize, assurance of skills, build relationships). The findings suggest implications for the counseling profession and recommendations for future research.Counselin
An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis of the Experiences of Neurodivergent Students who Pursued a Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at a CACREP Accredited Program
No full textThe full text of this item is not available at this time because the author has placed this item under an embargo until November 15, 2025.This qualitative dissertation explores the lived experiences of neurodivergent individuals who graduated from CACREP-accredited clinical mental health counseling programs. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis and grounded in neurodiversity theory, this study examined how neurodivergent students made sense of their identities and educational experiences in systems often rooted in deficit-based, medical models of disability. Ten participants engaged in semi-structured interviews, resulting in four superordinate themes: Neurodiversity and Identity; The Counseling Program; Barriers, Pressures, and Burdens; and Recommendations for Programs.
Findings revealed that neurodivergent students build a neurodivergent identity and face challenges, such as masking, lack of accommodations, stigma, and systemic ableism, while simultaneously demonstrating resilience, creativity, and a strong commitment to advocacy. Participants emphasized the need for counselor education to move beyond basic accommodations and adopt neurodiversity-affirming practices that support identity development and flexible learning. This study also highlights the underrepresentation and frequent misunderstanding of neurodivergent individuals in counselor training programs.
The research underscores the importance of faculty awareness, anti-ableist pedagogies, and systemic reform within counselor education. By centering neurodivergent voices, this dissertation contributes to a growing body of literature that redefines professionalism and competence in equitable, inclusive ways. Ultimately, this dissertation calls on the counseling profession to recognize neurodiversity as an essential component of identity and equity, positioning neurodivergent counselors not as exceptions to accommodate but as valuable contributors to the future of the field.Counselin
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CHAMP: Compliant Hook Arboreal Mobility Platform
No full textObserving wildlife, monitoring forest health, conducting research, and detecting invasive species and infections are just a few of the crucial tasks that currently require humans to climb trees. Putting people into trees is an expensive and potentially dangerous task. The CHAMP (Compliant Hook Arboreal Mobility Platform) is a tree climbing robot that carries and controls job-specific payloads to improve the safety and efficiency of many arboreal tasks
Data from: Fine-scale geographic patterns of gene flow and reproductive character displacement in Drosophila subquinaria and D. recens
No full textWhen two species are incompletely isolated, strengthening premating isolation barriers in response to the production of low fitness hybrids may complete the speciation process. Here we use the sister species Drosophila subquinaria and D. recens to study the conditions under which this reinforcement of species boundaries occurs in natural populations. We first extend the region of known sympatry between these species, and then we conduct a fine-scale geographic survey of mate discrimination coupled with estimates of gene flow within and admixture between species. Within D. subquinaria reinforcement is extremely effective: we find variation in mate discrimination both against D. recens males as well as against conspecific allopatric males on the scale of a few kilometers and in the face of gene flow both from conspecific populations and introgression from D. recens. In D. recens we do not find evidence for increased mate discrimination in sympatry, even where D. recens is rare, consistent with substantial gene flow throughout the species’ range. Finally, we find that introgression between species is asymmetric, with more from D. recens into D. subquinaria than vice versa. Within each species admixture is highest in the geographic region where it is rare relative to the other species, suggesting that when hybrids are produced they are of low fitness. In sum, reinforcement within D. subquinaria is effective at maintaining species boundaries, but even when reinforcing selection is strong it may not always result in a pattern of strong reproductive character displacement due to variation in the frequency of hybridization and gene flow from neighboring populations
The principle of Ultra Vires and the local authorities’ decisions in England
No full textThe hypothesis of this thesis is that valid administrative decisions from local authorities are guaranteed via clear and precise enabling clauses in the primary legislation. Taking examples from local government in England, the author argues that the style of drafting local authorities’ legislations influences decisions taken by local authorities - so in attempting to exercise implied powers conferred by the imprecise enabling legislation and insufficient guidance, local authorities tend to go beyond intended legal powers and as a result take unreasonable, arbitrary and invalid decisions
Recens raw mating data
No full textRaw mating data in .csv format of mate trials for D. recens females. Column 1 has the block (i.e. day), Column 2 has the individual female replicate number, Column 3 has the female line (see Table 1 of the paper for the population abbreviations), Column 4 has the male type, and Column 5 is whether mating took place with 1=yes and 0=no
Microsatellite data for D. recens and D. subquinaria
No full textAll microsatellite data with annotations, in structure format. Column 1 contains the unique label, Column 2 contains the unique fly ID (Species_Population_number), Column 3 indicates the sex of the fly (Female or Male), Column 4 indicates the population (see table 1 of the paper for abbreviations), Column 5 indicates the species (subquinaria or recens), Column 6 indicates the unique population number, and the remaining columns have the microsatellite genotypes. Loci with an X at the end of the name are on the X-chromosome. Missing data are indicated by a -9
Structure analyses
No full textThis folder contains the data, program files, and scripts to run the structure analyses. Sub-folders are by genome location (all loci, X-linked, autosomal) and by subset of samples (only recens, only subquinaria, both species (i.e., all)). Within the structure data file, each individual is coded by Species_population_individual in the first column and the population number in the second column
DAPC analyses
No full textThis folder contains the files to run the DAPC analyses, including the R code and input files. Analyses were completed by genome location (all loci, X-linked, autosomal) and by subset of samples (only recens, only subquinaria, both species (i.e., all))
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