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    Gaming: løysinga på deltakande demokratiopplæring? Scoping review om spelbasert opplæring i samfunnsfag

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    Dette masterarbeidet handlar om spelbasert opplæring som eit verktøy i arbeidet med medborgarskap og demokratiopplæring i samfunnsfag. Korleis kan ein sikre at elevane får den demokratiopplæringa som gir ferdigheitene og dugleikane dei treng for å møte samfunnet som demokratiske medborgarar? Kva seier forskinga om spelbasert opplæring, og kan ein dra nytte av dette i arbeidet med demokratiopplæringa i samfunnsfag? Bakgrunnen for at eg ønskjer å undersøkje dette nærmare er at tidlegare forsking viser at norske elevar har høg kunnskap om demokrati, men har liten tru på at dei vil delta i demokratiet i framtida, ifølgje ICCS 2016. Det er derfor behov for ein demokratiopplæring som betre rustar unge til å bli demokratiske medborgarar. Fleire peikar på at deltakande demokratiopplæring kan vere løysinga, men det er få som konkretiserer korleis dette kan gjerast i klasserommet. På den andre sida har eg vore interessert i den auka bruken av digitale verktøy i skulen. Ifølgje Barn og medier-undersøkinga frå 2022 brukar 76 prosent av barn og unge i alderen 9-18 år ulike einingar. Desse er dei same elevane eg vil møte i klasserommet. Forsking på dataspel som pedagogisk verktøy viser også at det er kunnskapshol knytt til den praktiske og didaktiske bruken av dataspel i klasserommet. Studien er gjennomført som eit scoping review og har undersøkt nyare internasjonal forsking om spelbasert opplæring i samfunnsfag. Tolv internasjonale artiklar frå perioden 2013-2023, henta frå databasane ERIC og Science Direct, vart analyserte. Funna i denne studien viser at dataspel kan bidra til å gi elevane trening i ulike ferdigheiter som er viktige for å bli demokratiske medborgarar i framtida. Likevel ser ein dei same tendensane som tidlegare forsking har peikt på. Læraren spelar ein viktig og avgjerande rolle i arbeidet med spelbasert opplæring, og det er difor viktig at rammene rundt undervisninga er på plass. Studien viser òg at dataspel kan vere eit effektivt verktøy for å gi elevane praktiske og realistiske opplevingar som kan bidra til kompetanse som dei kan dra nytte av som deltakarar i samfunnet.Abstract This master's thesis revolves around game-based learning as a tool for fostering citizenship and democracy education in social studies. How can we ensure that democracy education provides students with the skills and competencies they need to engage as democratic citizens in society? What does research say about game-based learning, and can it be utilized in the context of democracy education in social studies? The motivation behind further investigating this topic stems from existing research indicating that Norwegian students rank highly in terms of knowledge about democracy, but have little confidence in their future participation in democracy, according to ICCS 2016. Consequently, there is a need for democracy education that better equips young individuals to become democratic citizens. While many advocates for participatory democracy education, few provide concrete strategies for implementing it in the classroom. On the other hand, I have taken an interest in the increased use of digital tools in schools. According to the Norwegian "Barn og medier" survey from 2022, 76 percent of children and adolescents between the ages of 9 and 18 use various devices, which are the same students I will encounter in the classroom. Research on using video games as an educational tool also reveals gaps in knowledge concerning the practical and didactic utilization of video games in the classroom. This study adopts a scoping review approach, analyzing recent international research on game-based learning in social studies. Twelve international articles from 2013 to 2023 were examined, sourced from ERIC and Science Direct databases. The findings of this study indicate that video games contribute to providing students with training in a range of skills that are relevant for becoming future democratic citizens. Nevertheless, similar patterns identified in prior research persist. The teacher plays a crucial and decisive role in game-based learning, underscoring the importance of establishing favorable instructional frameworks. Additionally, the study highlights that video games can serve as effective tools for providing students with practical and realistic experiences that enhance their competence as future participants in society

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts

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    We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more sophisticated methods

    Author Index

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    koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist

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    We have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used

    Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902

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    In Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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