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Vers une simplification du modèle cattellien de la personnalité
No full textBoyle Gregory John, Smári Jakob Jóh. Vers une simplification du modèle cattellien de la personnalité. In: Bulletin de psychologie, tome 55 n°462, 2002. La mesure en psychologie. pp. 635-643
Simplifying the cattellian psychometric model
Full text linkThis chapter concerns the scientific analysis of individual differences in human psychological functioning including personality structure, undertaken by the author over a 30-year period (Boyle, 2006b). A key aspect of this programmatic work has been the taxonomic delineation of psychological constructs relating to cognitive abilities, personality traits (both normal and abnormal), dynamic (motivation) traits and transitory (emotional/mood) states within the framework of the Cattellian psychometric model (e.g. see Cattell, 1973, 1979, 1980a, 1980b, 1982a, 1983, 1984, 1986a, 1986b, 1986c, 1986d, 1986e, 1986f, 1986g, 1988a, 1988b, 1988c, 1990a, 1990b, 1990c, 1995; 1996, Cattell and Child, 1975; Cattell and Horn, 1982; Cattell and Kline, 1977; Cattell and Nesselroade, 1988; Cattell et al., 2002). This extensive body of taxonomic ..
Critique of the five-factor model of personality
Full text linkAssuming that most aspects of human personality structure are represented in the trait lexicon (i.e. that the personality sphere is encompassed by trait-descriptive words — see Ashton et al., 2004; Saucier and Goldberg, 2001), Allport and Odbert's (1936) list of more than 4,000 English trait descriptors was reduced down to some 35+ clusters of trait synonyms (e.g. see Cattell, 1986). Raymond B. Cattell (who, along with Freud, Piaget, and Eysenck, was listed among the ten most highly cited psychologists of the twentieth.century — Haggbloom et al., 2002: 142), attempted.a comprehensive sampling of the trait lexicon, on the further assumption that the most important attributes of ..
Contribution of cattellian personality instruments
Full text linkRaymond B. Cattell, PhD, DSc (London) was ranked among the top ten most highly cited psychologists of the twentieth century (along with Freud, Piaget, Eysenck, and Skinner), as indexed in the peer-reviewed psychological journal literature (Haggbloom et al., 2002: 142). Over the span of more than half a century, Cattell undertook an extensive programmatic series of empirical research studies into the taxonomy of psychological structure (across the domains of intellectual abilities, normal and abnormal personality traits, dynamic (motivation) traits, and transitory mood states). Subsequently, a wide range of functional multidimensional psychological testing instruments were constructed (see Cattell, 1986d; Cattell and Johnson, 1986; Smith, 1988) to measure the factor-analytically derived constructs. The major personality instruments constructed within ..
Personality theories and models:An overview
Full text linkThe thesis of these volumes is that the study of personality traits has advanced towards ‘normal science’ in the sense of a Kuhnian paradigm (cf. Eysenck, 1981; Kuhn, 1962). That is, most researchers in this area share a set of common core beliefs supported by empirical evidence. These include the relative stability of traits over time, a significant genetic and biological influence on personality, and relevance of traits to many areas of everyday life. Each one of these beliefs has been vigorously contested in the past, but the evidence in favour of each one is now overwhelming (Boyle and Saklofske, 2004; Matthews et al., 2003). At the same time, researchers do not subscribe to ..
Measures of anger and hostility in adults
No full textThis chapter consists of psychometrically-oriented reviews of 16 self-report tests of anger or hostility in adults. We begin with the historic Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI: Buss & Durkee, 1957), but focus more importantly on its factor analytically improved and updated revision, the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ: Buss & Perry, 1992). Next we turn our attention to scales utilizing hypothetical anger-provoking scenarios: the Anger Self-Report Questionnaire (ASR: Reynolds et al., 1994), the Reaction Inventory (RI; version by Cho et al., 2009) and the Novaco Anger Scale and Provocation Inventory (NAS-PI: Novaco, 1994, 2003). This is followed by the Multidimensional Anger Inventory (MAI: Siegel, 1986) and the widely-used State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI: Spielberger, 1988, 1999). In the second section, nine additional self-report tests are reviewed. These are generally newer and less embellished with psychometric details, and hence they are reviewed relatively briefly. Together, the reviews enable comparisons of the 16 self-report instruments in terms of various aspects of reliability and validity
Schizotypal personality models
Full text link‘Schizotypy’ is a multidimensional construct referring to a range of biologically determined personality factors, reflected in cognitive style and perceptual experiences that manifest as subclinical levels of psychotic-like behaviours in otherwise psychologically healthy individuals (Claridge, 1985). Recent epidemiological studies provide support for the continuity of psychotic experience in the general population (see Hanssen et al., 2005; Johns and van Os, 2001; van Os et al., 2000, 2001), observed as oddities of belief, behaviour, eccentricities, idiosyncratic speech, peculiar ideas, and social awkwardness or aversion (Siever et al., 1993). While these schizotypal personality features may represent a dimensional susceptibility to clinically psychotic behaviour, the precise relationship of schizotypy with clinical disorders such as schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is a matter ...<br/
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Measures of affect dimensions
No full textSeveral multidimensional measures of state–trait affect dimensions have been reviewed, including the Melbourne Curiosity Inventory (MCI); the State–Trait Personality Inventory (STPI); the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule – Extended (PANAS-X); the Differential Emotions Scale (DES-IV); the Profile of Mood States (POMS-2); the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist – Revised (MAACL-R); the Eight State Questionnaire (8SQ); the Multidimensional Mood-State Inventory (MMSI); the Activation–Deactivation Adjective Check List (AD-ACL); the UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist (UMACL); and the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire (DSSQ). The major limitation of many of these measures is the use of somewhat arbitrary and restricted timeframes instructions. Several of the measures assess affects either as a state or as a trait dimension (e.g., the STAI, STPI, STCI, MCI, MAACL-R). Others allow measurement of affect dimensions as longer-lasting mood states (e.g., DES-IV, POMS-2; 8SQ). Only the PANAS-X allows measurement across a range of timeframes, and this is the model recommended for the measurement of affects in future studies. Clearly, there is a continuum of response timeframes ranging all the way from brief situationally-sensitive emotional states (that may change several times throughout the day), through longer-lasting moods (that remain somewhat stable over a period of a week or even months), to long-lasting enduring dispositional traits (that persist over many years, or even the lifespan). Adherence to discrete state or trait concepts provides an oversimplified approach to the measurement of affect dimensions
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