1,721,372 research outputs found
Reducing malaria transmission in low endemic areas in Tanzania by antimalarial drugs. Epidemiological and intervention studies.
No full textContains fulltext :
89456.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)RU Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 25 januari 2010Promotor : Sauerwein, R.W. Co-promotores : Bousema, T., Drakeley, C.191 p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Anopheles gambiae salivary proteins as a tool to evaluate spatial and temporal variation of human exposure to malaria vectors.
No full textSaliva of blood sucking arthropods, injected into host skin during feeding, evokes an antibody response that may be used as serological indicator of exposure to disease vectors. Studies on mosquito salivary repertoires highlighted that Anopheles saliva carries genus-specific proteins (i.e. not found in Aedes/Culex or in other blood feeders). These proteins, if immunogenic, may be ideal candidates as markers of exposure to anopheline vectors, a tool which would be very useful for malaria epidemiological studies.
Human plasma samples collected in an hyperendemic area of Burkina Faso (Ouagadougou) and in an area of moderate malaria endemicity in Tanzania (Korogwe) were used to evaluate by ELISA the IgG, IgG1 and IgG4 antibody responses to the anopheline-specific salivary proteins gSG6 and cE5 from the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae.
The anti-gSG6 IgG response varied according to transmission/rainy season and was positively associated with the level of Anopheles exposure. The cE5 protein was more immunogenic than gSG6, but no variation of the IgG response was found during the transmission season, most likely because of its longer lasting nature. Moreover, the anti-gSG6 IgG level decreased with age, suggesting the induction of tolerance mechanisms, which was not the case for the anti-cE5 IgG response. Finally, the analysis of IgG1 and IgG4 subclasses pointed out the differential responses evoked by these two salivary proteins in exposed individuals with (i) gSG6 triggering a short-lived response of the Th2-type, with high IgG4 levels and induction of tolerance and (ii) cE5 eliciting a longer-lived Th1-type response, with high IgG1 levels and no tolerance induction.
The Entomological Inoculation Rate, which measures the number of infectious bites/person/unit of time, is presently the gold standard for the assessment of malaria transmission intensity. However, its determination may be problematic or not fully reliable (logistic constraints, low vector density, micro heterogeneity, low infection level, sampling technique, etc.) and additional/alternative tools would be very helpful. Our studies provide clear evidence that the An. gambiae gSG6 salivary protein can be used in malaria transmission areas as a reliable marker to evaluate spatial and temporal variation of human exposure to Afrotropical vectors. The cE5 protein showed higher sensitivity and may be of use in conditions of low or transient exposure to Anopheles vectors (i.e. low vector density, travellers). In conclusion, since parasite antigens (AMA-1, MSP-1, CSP) are already in use for the serological assessment of malaria transmission, the addition of Anopheles salivary antigens for measuring vector exposure may allow for comprehensive epidemiological profiling using just serological techniques
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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