1,720,954 research outputs found
Malaise dans les lettres : enquête sur l'histoire sociale du concept de littérature en France ces quatre dernières décennies
No full textThe turn of the 21st century in France seems marked by a powerful feeling of crisis of literature, described by some as a degradation of literary works, by others as a consequence of the society’s loss of interest for books and for reading, etc. Our research project was first inspired by our curiosity regarding this cry of alarm, hardly original in itself, but nevertheless reiterated these past few decades by many authors and by a variety of approaches (L’Adieu à la littérature by W. Marx, La littérature, pour quoi faire ? by A. Compagnon, La littérature en péril by T. Todorov, to name just three of the best known titles on the subject). Far from being episodic and secondary, the debate has recently been fueled by the general surprise of the award in 2016 of the Nobel Prize for literature to a singer: the American Bob Dylan. Built around a recurring question, addressed among others by A. Compagnon at the beginning of his inaugural lecture at the Collège de France – "Why and how to speak about literature? " – our investigation aims to reveal, through several case studies on some of the dialogue on this subject between literature researchers, historians, sociologists and philosophers, a series of tensions and conflicts within the contemporary French intellectual field. According to the hypotheses of D. Viart, D. Maingueneau and J.-M. Schaeffer, these tensions could be the cause of what we prefer to consider as a crisis of literary studies, rather than a crisis of literature itself. Plagued by internal unsolvable wrangling and given the risk of dissolution of their voice within the broad field of social sciences and humanities, concerned, firstly, to include their rhetoric in a pragmatist turn that places first emphasis on literature uses, while reaffirming, on the other hand, a certain specificity of their own language, literary studies would henceforth be obliged to redefine their object on new bases, as well as to justify their own existence.Le tournant du XXIe siècle littéraire paraît marqué par un ressenti puissant de crise de la littérature, qui se déclinerait à plusieurs niveaux : dégradation des productions littéraires, désintérêt de la société pour la lecture, etc. Notre projet de recherche est né avant tout d’une curiosité concernant la juste position à prendre devant ce cri d’alarme, en soi guère original, mais réitéré néanmoins, ces dernières décennies, par de multiples discours (L’Adieu à la littérature de W. Marx, La littérature, pour quoi faire ? d’A. Compagnon, La littérature en péril de T. Todorov, pour ne citer que trois des titres les plus retentissants dans ce sens). Loin d’être épisodique et secondaire, le débat s’est encore vu alimenter tout récemment par la surprise générale de l’attribution, en 2016, du prix Nobel de la littérature à un chanteur : l’Américain Bob Dylan. Articulée autour d'une question récurrente, formulée entre autres par A. Compagnon au début de sa leçon inaugurale au Collège de France – « Pourquoi et comment parler de la littérature ? » - notre enquête se propose de mettre au jour, à travers plusieurs études de cas portant sur quelques-uns des dialogues à ce sujet entre littéraires, historiens, sociologues et philosophes, une série de tensions et de conflits à l’intérieur du champ intellectuel français contemporain. Ces tensions seraient à la base de ce que, suivant les hypothèses d'auteurs comme D. Viart, D. Maingueneau et J.-M. Schaeffer, nous préférons considérer comme une crise des études littéraires, plutôt que de la littérature. En proie à des tiraillements internes difficiles à résoudre et devant le risque de dissolution de leur voix à l’intérieur du champ large des sciences humaines et sociales, soucieuses, d’une part, d’inscrire leurs propos dans un tournant pragmatiste qui met l’accent d’abord sur les usages de la littérature, tout en réaffirmant, d’autre part, une certaine spécificité de leur propre langage, les études littéraires se verraient désormais obligées de redéfinir sur de nouvelles bases leur objet, ainsi que de réinventer leur raison d’être même.(LALE - Langues et lettres) -- UCL, 201
Des Conquérants aux Enchanteurs : modes d’appréhension du réel à travers la création romanesque
Get PDFCreators of new worlds through their novels, André Malraux and Romain Gary equally reject the real universe – considered as odious, tragic, absurd – as well as any purely mimetic link between this universe and literary creation. But the two novelists translate this opposition into completely different registers. If Malraux’s writing seems to express the desire for a direct confrontation and defiance, Gary’s work is rather characterized by a mocking, disdainful attitude towards reality, which the writer intends to conquer mainly by humor. Our article aims to show that Gary’s literary response, far from being an escape, represents a rebellion that is just as powerful (and, in certain aspects, more relevant for our times) than the commitment and the fight explicitly assumed by Malrucian writing. Créateurs de mondes nouveaux par leurs romans, André Malraux et Romain Gary récusent en égale mesure l’univers réel – absurde, odieux, tragique – ainsi que tout lien purement mimétique de celui-ci à la création littéraire. Mais ce refus se traduit dans des registres complètement différents chez les deux romanciers. Si l’écriture de Malraux semble témoigner d’une volonté d’affrontement direct et de défi, l’œuvre de Gary se caractérise plutôt par une attitude moqueuse, dédaigneuse à l’égard de la réalité, dont l’écrivain entend triompher principalement par l’humour. Notre article se propose de montrer que la réponse littéraire de Gary, loin d’être une fuite, représente une révolte tout aussi puissante (et, sous certains aspects, plus actuelle) que l’engagement et le combat explicitement assumés par l’écriture malrucienne.
Nuo Užkariautojų iki Burtininkų: tikrovės suvokimas per romano prizmę
Anotacija. Tiek André Malraux, tiek Romainas Gary, savo romanuose kurdami naujus pasaulius, kaltina realiąją – absurdišką, bjaurią, tragišką – tikrovę, taip pat kiekvieną mimetinę jos sąsają su literatūrine kūryba. Šis prieštaravimas abiejų romanistų kūryboje pasireiškia skirtingais registrais. Malraux, regis, nori susidurti su tikrove tiesiogiai, jis kelia iššūkį. Gary kūryboje matyti pašaipi, paniekinanti laikysena tikrovės atžvilgiu, šis rašytojas tikrovę bando įveikti humoru. Straipsnyje siekiama įrodyti, kad literatūrinis Gary atsakas toli gražu nėra pabėgimas nuo tikrovės, tai greičiau galingas maištas (tam tikru požiūriu labai aktualus), kaip ir Malraux akivaizdžiai išreikštas angažuotumas ir kova.Reikšminiai žodžiai: tikrovė, vaizduotė, maištas, estetika, šiuolaikiškas
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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