1,720,978 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Liliane HILAIRE-PEREZ, François JARRIGE (dir.), Claude Pierre Molard (1759-1837). Un technicien dans la cité
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Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Illuminated Publics: Representations of Street Lamps in Revolutionary France
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To the lamp post! Modes of existence of a trivial object, between technical and political imaginary. Invention, urban economy, publics and circulations of the ‘réverbère’, Paris, Barcelona, 18th c.
No full textNotre culture a banalisé la lanterne publique, objet technique du quotidien urbain. Or, à la fin du XVIIIe s., la lanterne devient un véritable leitmotiv visuel et sémantique révolutionnaire.Innovation technique pour l’éclairage public au XVIIIe s., la lanterne « à réverbères » optimise l’intensité lumineuse en utilisant des artifices, les réflecteurs métalliques concaves (réverbères), afin de rationaliser le chemin optique. Si l’historiographie s’est focalisée sur la lampe d’Argand, nous avons construit notre étude autour du réflecteur, moins noble et peu valorisé. L’émergence de la nouvelle technique est intrinsèquement accompagnée de discours, d´images et de mythes qui structurent son imaginaire. La biographie d’objet est une ressource précieuse pour l’appréhender, par des prismes s’affranchissant de la distinction objet/sujet pour traiter la lanterne comme acteur et interroger ses modes d’existence.Le premier prisme porte sur la genèse de l’objet et l’inscription de son imaginaire technique comme réponse rationalisée au problème d’éclairage. Mais, interroger le sens de la technicité de l’objet n’est pas suffisant, le second prisme étudie la lanterne « en action de rue», soit sa « réticulation spatiale » et son intégration au milieu. Le troisième moment interroge les médiations transformatrices des valeurs initiales de l’objet à travers les circulations techniques (transculturelles) franco-espagnoles, et un champ de media (annonces techniques et cartes de commerce) : elles structurent la zone entre invention, publics et marchés. Enfin, le quatrième moment est consacré à la lanterne politique et ses paradoxes, basculant du double imaginaire de l’administration monarchique et du contrôle policier parisien– ou militaire barcelonais – à l’emblème révolutionnaire. Fidèle à une méthode « au ras de l’objet », nous faisons dialoguer ses fonctions symboliques avec son schème technique, pour faire ressortir les résonances – ou les déphasages– de l’imaginaire politique dans la matérialité. Nous souhaitons ainsi redonner de l’épaisseur à la lanterne, afin de retrouver son sens humain et comprendre son empreinte dans la culture.Our culture has trivialized the streetlamp and deprived it of its meanings. However, the lantern became a visual and semantic revolutionary leitmotiv at the end of the 18th c.As a technical innovation of 18th c streetlighting, the lantern à réverbères optimizes the luminous intensity by using concave metal reflectors (réverbères) to direct the beam of light where needed. If the historiography focused on the Argand’s lamp, this research deals with a far less noble and valued technical element, the reflector. The entwinement of the innovation with narratives and cultural discourses structures its imaginary: artefact biography is therefore a precious tool to approach it, by getting rid of the subject-object distinction in order to question its modes of existence.Firstly, we study the genesis of the lantern and the inscription of its technical imaginary as a rationalized answer to the lighting challenge. To continue with, we analyse the streetlamp in action and its extramaterial properties through its integration to its milieu. Processes of mediation and their transformative power are the next focus, though the study of the technical (transcultural) circulations between France and Spain, and the media of advertising and promotion (technical press, trade cards), all of which shaping the interactions between the invention, the public and the markets. We finish this survey with the political lantern and its paradox, as the artefact, strongly linked to absolute monarchy and police– or military- control, became a revolutionary emblem. By entwining the technical and symbolic functions of the streetlamp, we want to shed light upon the resonances of the political imaginary within the lantern materiality. This study therefore aims at drawing attention to the multi-layered meanings of this so-called “banal” object, and at considering the streetlamp as a significant bearer of cultural identity
Stéphanie Le Gallic, Lumières publicitaires. Paris, Londres, New York
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Adaptations et résistances au mode d'éclairage public parisien: les traductions différenciées de Barcelone et Madrid
Full text linkIluminated Paris: Essays on Art and Lighting in the Belle Époque by Hollis Clayson (review)
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