1,720,966 research outputs found
Treinamento anaeróbio/aeróbio associado à suplementação da dieta com óleo de fígado de tubarão diminui o crescimento tumoral, atenua a instalação da síndrome da caquexia e modula parametros imunitários de ratos portadores do tumor de Walker-256
Get PDFOrientador: Luiz Cláudio FernandesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciencias Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular. Defesa: Curitiba, 12/03/2009Inclui bibliografiaÁrea de concentração: FisiologiaCâncer é um estado patológico que leva ao desenvolvimento de uma síndrome metabólica em cerca de 2/3 dos pacientes em estado avançado da doença. A caquexia se caracteriza por estado debilitante, com perda de peso, desencadeada por perturbações metabólicas no indivíduo portador de tumor. Esta promove anorexia, astenia, perda de peso, saciedade prematura, anemia e alterações no metabolismo dos carboidratos, gorduras e proteínas. Muitos estudos têm demonstrado que o exercício físico moderado promove incremento da função do sistema imunitário e redução do quadro de proteólise no músculo esquelético em indivíduos caquéticos. Ainda, os estudos envolvendo óleo de fígado de tubarão demonstram sua atuação na melhoria da atividade imunitária. Uma vez que o exercício físico e o óleo de fígado de tubarão atuam sobre o desenvolvimento tumoral, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito do treinamento anaeróbio/aeróbio associado à suplementação da dieta com óleo de fígado de tubarão sobre o crescimento tumoral, caquexia e parâmetros imunitários de ratos portadores do tumor walker-256. Ratos Wistar foram distribuidos em oito grupos: sedentário (S), sedentário suplementado com óleo de fígado de tubarão (SA), exercitado (EX), exercitado suplementado com óleo de fígado de tubarão (EXA) sedentário portador de tumor (SW), sedentário portador de tumor suplementado com óleo de fígado de tubarão (SWA), exercitado portador de tumor (EXW) e exercitado portador de tumor suplementado com óleo de fígado de tubarão (EXWA). Os grupos exercitados realizaram um programa de treinamento, constituído de 6 séries de saltos com 1 minuto de intervalo, sobrecarga de 50% do seu peso corporal acoplada ao tórax, cinco minutos após o término do treinamento de saltos os mesmos grupos exercitados foram submetidos a 30 minutos de natação com uma carga equivalente a 6% do peso corpóreo. Foram realizadas 4 sessões semanais de treinamento durante 8 semanas. Na sexta semana de treinamento foram inoculadas 1 mL de células do tumor de Walker-256 (3x107 células) nos grupos SW, SWA, EXW e EXWA. Os ratos foram ortotanasiados 15 dias após a inoculação do tumor, sendo coletado sangue, tecidos e células. O grupo SW apresentou hipoglicemia (68,67±2,12 mg/dL), hiperlaticidemia (1,489±0,061 mmol/L), hipertriacilglicerolemia (161,4±9,43 mg/dL) e perda de peso (23,01±1,47g), ainda reduziu significativamente o conteúdo de glicogênio hepático e muscular, quando comparado aos demais grupos, caracterizando quadro de caquexia. A atividade fagocítica e citotóxica dos macrófagos estavam significativamente elevadas em ratos portadores de tumor. A prática de exercício e a suplementação com óleo de fígado de tubarão incrementou as capacidades fagocíticas e citotóxicas de macrófagos peritoneais, em indivíduos não portadores de tumor. Além disso, a suplementação com óleo de fígado de tubarão e o exercício físico, isoladamente, elevaram a proliferação basal dos linfócitos e a estimulação pelo mitógeno concanavalina-A promoveu aumento expressivo na proliferação, tanto nos animais sem tumor quanto nos com tumor.Cancer is a pathological condition that leads to the development of metabolic syndrome in about 2/3 of patients in advanced disease. The cachexia is characterized by debilitating condition, with weight loss, metabolic disturbances triggered by the individual with tumor. This promotes anorexia, asthenia, weight loss, early satiety, anemia and changes in metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Many studies have shown that moderate physical exercise promotes increased function of the immune system and reduction of part of the skeletal muscle proteolysis in cachectic individuals. Still, the studies of shark liver oil demonstrate its performance in improving the immune activity. Since exercise and shark liver oil act on the tumor development, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of training anaerobic / aerobic associated with the dietary supplementation with shark liver oil on tumor growth, cachexia and parameters immune from rats carrying the Walker-256 tumor. Wistar rats were randomized divided into 8 groups: sedentary (S), sedentary shark liver oil supplemented (SA), Exercised (EX), Exercised shark liver oil supplemented (EXA), sedentary tumor-bearing (SW), sedentary tumor-bearing shark liver oil supplemented (SWA), exercised tumor-bearing (EXW) and exercised tumor-bearing shark liver oil supplemented (EXWA). Training section consisted of 6 bouts, 30 seconds each with 50% body-weight load attached to the back followed by 1 minute of resting. Five minutes after the jump training the same exercise groups were subjected to 30 minute of swimming with a load equivalente to 6% of body weight, during 4 times a week during 8 weeks. A suspension of Walker 256 tumor cells (1mL of 3 x 107 cells/mL) was inject in the rats (tumor bearing) after 6 weeks of training. All individuals were killed 15 days post tumor inoculation and the blood and tumor tissue were harvested. The group SW showed hypoglycemia (68,67±2,12 mg/dL), hyperlacticidemia (1,49±0,061mmol/L), hypertriacylglycerolemia (161,4±9,4 mg/dL) and weight reduction (23,01±1,47g), also significantly reduced the glycogen content of liver and muscle when compared to other groups, characterizing cachexia state. The cytotoxic and phagocytic activity of macrophages were significantly elevated in tumor-bearing rats. The practice of exercise and supplementation with shark liver oil increased the phagocytic and cytotoxic capacity of peritoneal macrophages in non-tumor-bearing rats. Moreover, supplementation with shark liver oil and exercise alone, increased basal proliferation of lymphocytes and stimulation by mitogen Concanavalin-A stimulated significant increase in proliferation, in tumor-bearing and non-tumor-bearing rats
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
INCIDÊNCIA DA SÍNDROME DA CAQUEXIA CANCERÍGENA EM PACIENTES COM CÂNCER DE PULMÃO SUBMETIDOS A TRATAMENTO ONCOLÓGICO NO MEIO-OESTE DE SANTA CATARINA
No full textNas últimas décadas, o câncer ganhou uma dimensão maior, convertendo-se em um evidente problema de saúde pública mundial. O câncer de pulmão é o mais comum de todos os tumores malignos, apresentando aumento na incidência de 2% por ano. O comprometimento do estado nutricional dos pacientes diagnosticados com essa doença é muito prevalente e associa-se à diminuição da resposta ao tratamento quimioterápico e à qualidade de vida. A perda de massa corporal significativa tem associação com a anorexia espontânea, ou seja, a perda não intencional de apetite, sendo um dos sintomas mais comuns de pacientes com câncer, que acaba resultando em alterações do paladar e olfato ou em mudanças na regulação hipotalâmica. A desnutrição grave acompanhada de anorexia é denominada Caquexia. O avanço progressivo do estado nutricional do paciente oncológico está relacionado com a baixa ingestão alimentar, além de alterações metabólicas que levam ao estado caquético, sendo de suma importância uma avaliação e acompanhamento adequados dos profissionais para a identificação desses pacientes e tratamento nutricional, avaliando a resposta ao tratamento.Palavras-chave: Câncer. Pulmão. Caquexia. Estado nutricional. Paciente oncológico
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
