1,721,005 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Characterization and stability of nanoplastics in aquatic systems
Full text linkDen massive produksjonen av plastpolymerer, kombinert med deres mangel på nedbrytbare egenskaper har ført til omfattende plastforurensning i miljøet. Her brytes plasten sakte ned til fragmenter og rester, først i mikrostørrelse, deretter til nanopartikler. Egenskapene til mikroplast og små mikroplastpartikler er relativt godt dokumentert, men det finnes fortsatt kunnskapsmangel når det gjelder stabilitetsegenskaper og karakterisering av nanoplast (NP) i vandige miljøer.
Denne studien fokuserte på NP dannet fra vanlige plastprodukter for forbrukere, som syntetisk tekstilgarn og kommersielle plastposer. Prøver av disse produktene ble kjemisk degradert basert på tidligere etablerte metoder. NP av polyetylen (PE) ble produsert fra tre forskjellige typer plastposer (ubrukte, resirkulerte og resirkulerte med trykk). Syntetisk garn ble brukt for å produsere NP fra polyetylen tereftalat (PET). Metoden ble optimalisert med mål om å fremstille PE og PET NP med sammenlignbar størrelse (~ 200 nm), målt ved dynamisk lysspredning (DLS). For å karakterisere partikkelform, størrelse og overflatemorfologi, ble svipelektronmikroskopi (SEM) brukt. Pyrolyse-GC/MS og UV-spektroskopi ble forsøkt for å måle konsentrasjon av NP i suspensjoner. Zetapotensialet ble målt for å vurdere stabiliteten til NP-partiklene i suspensjon.
Nanoplastens skjebne ble evaluert gjennom stabilitetstester i både MilliQ-vann og miljørelevante vannprøver. Ferskvann (FW) ble hentet fra Nidelva i Trondheim, og sjøvann (SW) ble hentet fra Trondheimsfjorden. Disse ble også blandet (1:1) for å simulere brakkvann (BW). Evnen til naturlig organisk materiale (NOM) til å stabilisere NP i vandige suspensjoner ble testet ved bruk av ulike NOM-kilder i FW og MQ, og sammenlignet med stabiliteten til NP i naturlig (ufiltrert) FW og SW. Både umiddelbar stabilitet (77 min. eksperimenter) og langtidsstabilisering (14 dager) ble undersøkt. I tillegg ble ekstracellulær polymerisk substans (EPS) fra algen Raphidocelis subcapitata i ferskvannsalgevekstmedium (TG201) og bovin serum albumin (BSA) i MQ inkludert.
Det ble observert umiddelbar aggregering av PE og PET partikler i BW, SW og ufiltrert SW- partiklene var relativt stabile i MQ-suspensjonen, og tilsetning av BSA (0.025 %) viste en stabiliserende effekt med mindre variasjon i partikkelstørrelse over tid. I FW og ufiltrert FW var partiklene relativt stabile, og størrelsesfordelingen endret seg ikke betydelig etter tilsetning av en liten konsentrasjon (10 mgL-1) av NOM. Ved analyse av stabiliteten til partikler av PE og PET i en suspensjon som inneholdt alge-EPS, var det vanskelig å skille mellom EPS og faktiske NP ved bruk av DLS. Imidlertid ble en økning i partikkelstørrelse over tid observert, noe som kan indikere en potensiell dannelse av eco-corona som gir en stabiliserende effekt fra EPS på NP.The massive production of plastic polymers, combined with their lack of degradable characteristics, has led to vast plastic waste contamination in the environment. Here, the plastics slowly breaks down into fragments and debris, first in the micro size range, then to nanisized particles. The properties of microplastics and small microplastics are relatively well documented, but there still exist a knowledge gap for stability properties and characterisation of nanoplsatics (NP) in environmental waters.
This study focused on NP formed from common consumer plastic items such as synthetic textile yarn and commercial plastic bags. Samples of such products were chemically degraded based on previously established methods. NP of polyethylene (PE) was produced from three different grades of plastic bags (pristine, recycled and printed). Synthetic yarn was used to produce NP from polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Methodology was optimised aiming for PE and PET NP of comparable size (∼ 200 nm), measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). To characterise the shape, size and surface morphology of the particles, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used. Pyrolysis-GC/MS and UV spectroscopy were used as attempts to measure the concentration of NP in suspensions. The zetapotential was measured to assess the stability of NP particles in suspension.
The fate of NP was evaluated through stability tests in both MilliQ and environmental relevant waters. Freshwater (FW) was collected from the river Nidelva in Trondheim, and seawater (SW) from the Trondheimsfjord was used. These were also combined (1:1) to simulate brackish water (BW). The ability of natural organic matter (NOM) to stabilise NP in aqueous suspensions was tested using different NOM sources, in FW and SW. both immediate (77 min. experiments) and long-term stabilisation (14 days) was investigated. Also, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from the algae Raphidocelis subcapitata in freshwater algae growth media (TG201), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in MQ was included.
It was observed immediate aggregation for PE and PET particles in BW, SW and unfiltered SW. the particles were relatively stable in MQ suspensions, however, adding BSA (0.025 %) did show a stabilising effect with less variation in particle size over time. In FW and unfiltered FW, the particles were relatively stable, and the particle size distribution did not change significantly after adding a small concentration (10 mgL-1) of NOM. When analysing the stability of PE and PET particles in a suspension containing algae-EPS, it was difficult to distinguish between the EPS and actual NP on the DLS. However, an increase in particle size was observed over time, indicating a potential formation of eco-corona providing a stabilising effect from the EPS on the NP
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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