1,720,968 research outputs found
Guidelines for landslide susceptibility, hazard and risk zoning for land-use planning. Commentary
No full textGuidelines for landslide susceptibility, hazard and risk zoning for land use planning
No full textMore and more natural disasters are being reported worldwide, particularly with respect to landslides. They cause injuries and deaths and induce physical, environmental and economic damages that hamper the development of wealthy as well as poor countries and regions. It is therefore necessary to include consideration of landslide hazards in land use and emergency response planning for public safety and realization of safe engineering projects. It is essential for authorities to have appropriate maps describing hazardous areas at their disposal. It is also important that they are aware of the different steps within a coherent approach that lead to the identification of landslide areas, the evaluation of the corresponding hazards, and the assessment of the risks these assessments imply. A large number of distinctive methods for landslide hazard mapping have been tested and applied in different contexts for more than 30 years. Many of them have been presented in recent international conferences such as the International Symposium on Landslides (Rio de Janeiro, 2004), the International Conference on Landslide Risk Management (Vancouver, BC, 2005), or the International Forum on Landslide Disaster Management (Hong Kong, 2007), all of them organized under the auspices of the JTC-1, the joint ISSMGE, IAEG and ISRM Technical Committee on Landslides and Engineered Slopes. The JTC-1 recognizes that there is a need for unified terminology in susceptibility, hazard and risk zoning, so that zoning in any area could be compared on a similar basis with zoning of adjacent areas, and to insure that fundamental assessment steps are properly considered and applied in the management of landslide-prone areas. JTC-1 also recognizes that the time has now been reached when quantitative hazard and risk zoning is possible. With this in mind, JTC-1 appointed a Scientific Committee to undertake the development of guidelines for landslide susceptibility and hazard and risk zoning for land use planning with the requirement that the committee produce guidelines that are acceptable to the international community. A first draft in this complex process was developed by the Scientific Committee using as a starting point a document prepared by the Australian Geomechanics Society. This draft was discussed and its applicability was tested within an international group of 40 experts (listed at the end of the preface) most of whom met for a workshop in Barcelona from September 18 to 20, 2006. This very fruitful workshop proved to be a forum for vigorous debate, and many helpful suggestions arose on how to improve the guidelines. Many of these suggestions have been included in the Commentary appended to the Guidelines. There were numerous additional suggestions (which were not included in the interest of balance and because of space restrictions) and a large number of formal corrections that were important to improve the quality of the guidelines. A set of accompanying papers have been also included in this special issue of Engineering Geology. These papers are intended to clarify and develop some concepts and methods covered by the Guidelines in greater detail or describe well documented case histories that may be considered for methodological guidance. The guidelines are freely available in electronic form from the JTC-1 web page: http://www.geoforum.com/jtc1. The JTC-1 strongly encourages all persons who are undertaking landslide susceptibility, hazard and risk zoning to follow these guidelines. It also encourages those carrying out research in these areas to use the terminology presented here so that all will share a common language. The JTC-1 and the authors of this document are quite aware that such guidelines are never eternally valid and that it will be necessary to provide some amendments or clarifications in the next decade. Moreover, the applicability of these guidelines in specific economic and jurisdictional contexts will have to be tested, in order to assess to what extent they are dealing with local land use planning needs with sufficient refinement. It is through the repetitive application of the guidelines in different contexts that it will be possible to prove their pertinence. Finally, all comments to the Scientific Committee related to the use of the guidelines will be most welcome. It is also essential that the long-term impact of the application of these guidelines be quantitatively assessed, so as to prove that the proposed process really leads to a sustainable way to “live with risks”. Some indicators referring to other types of natural hazards have proved that an appropriate land use planning policy can lead to a decrease of disasters, even if the value and number of exposed elements shows an increasing trend. Let us hope that it will also be the case with landslides, if the present guidelines are appropriately used and considered in land use and disaster management worldwide
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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