1,720,967 research outputs found
Violence Against Men and Its Effects Within the Workplace: A Literature Review
Full text linkOver the years, there has been increasing interest in violence against women and its significant effects on victims. However, there has been comparatively little interest regarding violence against men and its effects within the workplace. This is despite the fact that scholarly research has highlighted the frequency of this phenomenon, further exacerbated by the poor functioning of support services, which intensifies distress among male victims. The present review focused on examining publications indexed in bibliographic databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science) from the years 2012–2023 to comprehend the contemporary landscape of academic literature concerning
violence against men, along with its implications within the workplace. A total of 20 studies met inclusion criteria, and all selected papers focused on male victims of violence were included in this review. The results highlight the significant presence of male victims within the context of genderbased violence and harassment, domestic violence, and intimate partner violence. This literature review additionally highlights that social representation and gender stereotypes seem to contribute to the low demand for intervention by victims and the imbalance in their effects on the public and
practitioners. Moreover, the results underscore the intricate and profound repercussions of violence against men within the workplace. This review, offering an overview of existing research in this field, emphasizes the necessity for future research to enhance understanding of quantitative methodologies and to facilitate specialized training for practitioners. Hence, it becomes imperative to actively identify interventions tailored to safeguarding the well-being of male victims of violence
Power distance in the workplace and its effect on prosocial behavioral intentions
Full text linkPower distance, the extent to which individuals in an organization accept unequal distributions of power, significantly influences workplace dynamics, particularly in shaping individuals' willingness to engage in prosocial behaviors. Previous research suggests that individuals with high levels of power distance tend to exhibit more self-centered behavior, making them less inclined to act charitably. In contrast, individuals with lower levels of power distance are more likely to engage in prosocial actions. This study investigates the effect of power distance on prosocial behavioral intentions in a workplace context and examines the moderating role of prosocial personality traits. A convenience sample of 169 employees from medium-sized enterprises was analyzed. The findings confirmed that participants with lower power distance perceptions exhibited significantly higher prosocial intentions and revealed the moderating role of prosocial personality traits. By examining the interaction between power distance beliefs, prosocial intentions, and prosocial dispositional traits, our study contributes new insights into how both structural beliefs and personality traits jointly shape prosocial intentions in organizational settings, potentially informing strategies to cultivate a supportive and collaborative work environment
Psychological Trust Dynamics in Climate Change Adaptation Decision-Making Processes: A Literature Review
Full text linkThere has been a growth in interest among academics and professionals in psychological
trust dynamics during climate change adaptation. This literature review aimed to examine the
research concerning trust dynamics in climate change adaptation from different levels of analysis,
encompassing the different phases of adaptation and considering the importance of trust in climate
change decision-making. The method consisted of systematically reviewing researches on this
topic published in scientific articles, by using appropriate and relevant search keywords (e.g., trust,
community, natural hazard, climate change adaptation, decision-making) in academic databases. A
total of 25 studies met inclusion criteria. All the articles focused on the latter phases of the climate
change adaptation cycle, specifically implementation and monitoring/evaluation, with limited
attention devoted to decision-making related to earlier phases of preparation, assessment of risks, and
identification and selection of adaptation options. The reviews also indicates that psychological trust
is related to different adaptive actions (e.g., adoption of renewable energy technologies), and low- and
high-impact mitigation behaviors (e.g., acceptance of paying taxes for actions that mitigate climate
change). Therefore, this review underscores the significant role of psychological trust dynamics
in shaping individuals’ decision-making processes concerning climate change adaptation, thereby
yielding immediate and direct implications for climate systems. Therefore, it is essential to actively
promote the culture of trust within the context of climate change adaptation
Interaction through social media: Development and validation of a social network site self-efficacy scale (SNS-SES)
Full text linkToday, more than ever before, awareness of our ability to interact with others through and use social network sites (SNSs) is of fundamental importance, in light of the fact that we are connected to the Web 24 h a day, 7 days a week. Studies of social media in recent decades have shown that self-efficacy is one of the key variables affecting individual online behavior. The general aim of the studies presented here was to develop and validate a new self-report scale measuring self-efficacy in SNS use (an SNS self-efficacy scale, or SNS-SES). Across two studies, a total of 1295 Italian adolescents and adults (ages 15 to 89; M = 38.21, SD = 15.6) participated. The SNS-SES consists of 24 items assessing four factors of self-efficacy in SNS use: task-oriented/technological, task-oriented/social, interpersonal, and emotional. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed a clear factorial validity of this stable four-factor solution
The Role of Trust in Disaster Risk Reduction: A Critical Review
Full text link: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the concept of trust within the domain of natural disaster management. Trust can be defined as a state of vulnerability where one party relies on another party with the expectation that the latter will carry out entrusted responsibilities without exploiting this inherent vulnerability. This comprehensive literature review is dedicated to the examination of research concerning community and institutional trust in the field of disaster risk reduction (DRR). Particular emphasis is placed on elucidating the influence of trust throughout the distinct phases of natural disaster management, namely prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. The critical examination of the pertinent body of the literature demonstrates that trust plays a central role across the different phases of DRR, being positively associated with effective community responses and resilience. Hence, it becomes imperative to actively foster the development of trust at both institutional and community levels within the realm of DRR. This endeavor is essential for adequately preparing communities to confront natural disasters, crafting effective protocols to enhance community responsiveness and mitigate adverse consequences, and advancing strategies for successful reconstruction and recovery
The Antecedents of the Technology Acceptance Model in Microentrepreneurs’ Intention to Use Social Networking Sites
Full text linkSocial media platforms offer significant growth opportunities for enterprises, particularly microenterprises, due to the chance to establish direct contact with customers. Drawing on the Technology-Acceptance Model (TAM), in the present study, we investigate the psychological reasons that lead microentrepreneurs to use Social Networking Sites (SNSs) for their business. In doing so, we also extend TAM by taking into account entrepreneurs' personalities (e.g., extraversion and openness to experience) and their perceived risk. We collected data by examining 247 microentrepreneurs engaged in the production of handmade objects. Our results confirm that of all the TAM behavioral antecedents tested, perceived usefulness and attitude toward SNSs' usage for business proved to be the best predictors of the intention to use SNSs for business activity. The results also indicate that extraversion, openness to experience, and perceived risk, as external factors, significantly affect the TAM constructs. We discuss implications and suggestions for future research
Social Media usage in enterprises. Empirical evidence from different perspectives
Full text linkIl nostro mondo è in continua evoluzione a causa dell'impatto pervasivo delle tecnologie dell'informazione e della comunicazione (TIC), come ad esempio gli Smartphone, i Social Media, i Blog e molto altro ancora. Molte di queste tecnologie non esistevano alcuni anni fa ma, oggi, stanno diventando fondamentali per la nostra vita, per la società e per le imprese. Nello specifico, questa tesi si concentra sugli aspetti economici e psicologici dell'uso dei Social Media nelle imprese, fornendo nuove evidenze empiriche, utili a corroborare e migliorare gli attuali modelli concettuali e teorici. La tesi è strutturata in tre capitoli. Nel primo capitolo, si utilizzano dati aggregati sull'uso delle TIC e dei Social Media nelle imprese europee, con lo scopo di analizzare la posizione dell'Italia rispetto agli altri paesi. In particolare, vengono analizzati i dati raccolti nell'indagine EUROSTAT del 2015: " ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises ". Nel secondo capitolo, vengono utilizzati i microdati delle imprese italiane, riferiti alla stessa indagine. Lo scopo principale è quello di esplorare i fattori determinanti a livello aziendale che possono influenzare significativamente la probabilità di utilizzo dei SM e gli obiettivi per i quali vengono utilizzate diverse tipologie di SM. Nel terzo capitolo, vengono mostrati i risultati di un caso di studio sul rapporto tra le caratteristiche psicologiche dei micro-imprenditori e l'uso dei Social Media per la propria attività. In questa parte, vengono indagati alcuni aspetti psicologici dei partecipanti, in relazione all’utilizzo/non utilizzo dei SM. A tal fine, vengono considerate e sperimentate empiricamente due importanti teorie: la Teoria Del Comportamento Pianificato (TPB) e il Modello di Accettazione della Tecnologia (TAM). Nello specifico, questo caso studio mira a confrontare il ruolo di diverse caratteristiche psicologiche dei micro-imprenditori che utilizzano i Social Media per la loro attività aziendale, rispetto a coloro che portano avanti il loro business in maniera tradizionale.The world is changing constantly due to the pervasive impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), such as mobile smartphones, social media, blogs, etc. Many of these technologies did not exist ten years ago and our lives, society, business and enterprises are being shaped by them. The thesis indeed focuses on economic and psychological aspects of the use of SM in enterprises, providing novel empirical evidence which is useful to corroborate and improve the current conceptual and theoretical models. The thesis is organized into three chapters. In the first chapter, we exploit aggregate data on the use of ICT and Social Media in European enterprises in order to look at the position of Italy with respect to the other countries. Specifically, we analyse data collected in the 2015 EUROSTAT survey on “ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises”. Data refer to 33 European countries. In the second chapter, we use microdata on Italian enterprises always referred to the same survey. The main purpose is here to explore the determinants at firm level which may significantly influence the probability of using SM and the aims for which different types of SM are used. In the third chapter, we show results from a case study on the relationship between entrepreneurs’ characteristics and the use of Social Media for their business. In this part, we particularly focus on the psychological aspects. To this end, two important theories are considered and empirically tested: Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Specifically, this case study aims to compare the role of different characteristics of entrepreneurs who use SM for their business activity with respect to those used in traditional ways
ONLINE SOCIAL COMPARISON ITS ROLE IN PREDICTING INDIVIDUALS’ WELL-BEING
Full text linkSocial comparison is the practice through which people compare their own opinions, abilities, behaviours, and emotions with those of others as an external guide and a source for self-evaluation. Social comparison has been put forward as a core feature of interpersonal relationships both in the offline context and in virtual interactions through social media. A growing number of studies has highlighted that online social comparison through social media can influence individuals’ everyday life. In this thesis, I will examine the role of online social comparison in influencing individuals’ well-being in three research designs with different outcomes. In the first empirical study, a cross-lagged panel model was used to examine the predictive role of online social comparison to ameliorate individual distress during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings of the first study showed that online social comparison predicted an increase in individuals’ levels of anxiety, stress, loneliness and life satisfaction over time. In the second study, Latent Class Analysis was adopted to classify participants into three groups with different levels of problematic Facebook use. Findings from this study showed that online social comparison was linked to passive use of social media and the fear of missing out. Moreover, longitudinal analyses showed that problematic Facebook users reported greater levels of psychological distress and lower levels of well-being at each time point. Finally, in the third study, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the association between online social comparison and body image outcomes. Results from 57 cross-sectional studies showed that online social comparison was linked to body image concerns, eating disorder behaviours and positive body image, demonstrating the importance of the physical appearance comparison in the online contexts. Overall, these results highlight the multifaceted nature of the social comparison construct, which can play a different role in predicting psychological well-being in specific contexts.Social comparison is the practice through which people compare their own opinions, abilities, behaviours, and emotions with those of others as an external guide and a source for self-evaluation. Social comparison has been put forward as a core feature of interpersonal relationships both in the offline context and in virtual interactions through social media. A growing number of studies has highlighted that online social comparison through social media can influence individuals’ everyday life. In this thesis, I will examine the role of online social comparison in influencing individuals’ well-being in three research designs with different outcomes. In the first empirical study, a cross-lagged panel model was used to examine the predictive role of online social comparison to ameliorate individual distress during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings of the first study showed that online social comparison predicted an increase in individuals’ levels of anxiety, stress, loneliness and life satisfaction over time. In the second study, Latent Class Analysis was adopted to classify participants into three groups with different levels of problematic Facebook use. Findings from this study showed that online social comparison was linked to passive use of social media and the fear of missing out. Moreover, longitudinal analyses showed that problematic Facebook users reported greater levels of psychological distress and lower levels of well-being at each time point. Finally, in the third study, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the association between online social comparison and body image outcomes. Results from 57 cross-sectional studies showed that online social comparison was linked to body image concerns, eating disorder behaviours and positive body image, demonstrating the importance of the physical appearance comparison in the online contexts. Overall, these results highlight the multifaceted nature of the social comparison construct, which can play a different role in predicting psychological well-being in specific contexts
A longitudinal investigation on problematic Facebook use, psychological distress and well-being during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic
Full text linkThe social isolation and the subsequent, increased use of Social Networking Sites due to the COVID-19 pandemic have had an impact on subjective well-being around the world. The present longitudinal study examined whether changes in psychological distress and well-being during the Italian second wave of the pandemic differ among people with different levels of Problematic Facebook Use (PFU). A total of 493 participants (Mage = 24.55 ± 7.25; 80.3% females) completed measures of passive use of Facebook, social comparison orientation on Facebook, fear of missing out, psychological distress (depressive symptoms and fear of COVID-19 pandemic) and well-being across three waves. Latent class analysis (LCA) categorized participants into three groups with different PFU levels: healthy users, moderate PFU users, and high PFU users. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) showed that the between-person level (class membership) accounted for most of the variability in psychological distress and well-being. No significant changes were found in psychological distress and well-being over time, but the High PFU users showed greater levels of psychological distress and lower levels of well-being at each time point. The findings of this study suggest that the relationship between PFU, psychological distress and well-being may reflect trait-like time-invariant differences between individuals rather than state-like changes
The Impact of the First and Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Eating Symptoms and Dysfunctional Eating Behaviours in the General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textBackground: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the prevalence of feeding and eating disorder (FED) symptoms or dysfunctional eating behaviours (DEB) in the general population during the COVID-19 outbreak. Method: We searched eligible articles in biomedical databases from 1 January 2020 to 31 March 2022. Prevalence rates of FED or DEB changes between pre-pandemic and pandemic time and correlation with psychological distress were pooled with a meta-analysis using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was tested using I-squared (I2) statistics. A total of 186 studies with 406,076 participants met the inclusion criteria. Results: The more prevalent FED or DEB during the COVID-19 outbreak were: body image concerns (52%, 95% CI 0.38, 0.66), binge eating (40%, 95% CI 0.25, 0.55), and overeating (40%, 95% CI = 0.32-0.48). Pooled data of longitudinal studies (k = 8) only showed a significant difference in the prevalence of weight gain from pre-pandemic to the pandemic time. Finally, increased levels of psychological distress (k = 35) positively correlated with some ED symptoms. Conclusion: This meta-analysis evidenced a negative impact of the pandemic on eating symptoms and DEB in the general population
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