1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Intraoperative Komplikationen bei der ureterorenoskopischen Steintherapie in Abhängigkeit eines Pre-Stenting
No full textHintergrund, Ziele und Methode: Das Harnsteinleiden stellt ein Krankheitsbild mit steigender Inzidenz dar, das bei einer Harnleiterpassage des Steins durch kolikartige Schmerzen zu häufiger Hospitalisierung mit Bedarf einer interventionellen Maßnahme führt. Hierbei steht unter anderem die Ureterorenoskopie zur Verfügung, die trotz hoher klinischer Sicherheit mit intraoperativen Komplikationen vergesellschaftet sein kann. Dazu zählen sowohl kleinere intraoperative Komplikationen wie Perforationen des Ureters, Verletzung der Ureterschleimhaut gefolgt von einer Blutung, als auch schwerwiegende Komplikationen wie beispielsweise ein Abriss des Ureters. Bereits in der Vergangenheit wurde untersucht, wie sich die präoperative Einlage einer Ureterschiene auf verschiedene Kriterien, unter anderem auch auf intraoperative Komplikationen, auswirkt. Hierbei zeigt die Studienlage ein heterogenes Bild. In diesem Zusammenhang stellt sich die Frage, ob ein präoperatives Stenting einen Benefit für das Outcome der Ureterorensokopie bringt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird diese Frage mit Hilfe von Patientendaten retrospektiv genauer analysiert. Für die Arbeit wurden Patienten selektiert, die sich im Zeitraum zwischen 01.01.2014 – 31.12.2014 mit einem Harnsteinleiden in der Klinik für Urologie des Universitätsklinikums Gießen und Marburg (Standort Marburg) vorstellten. Der Therapieerfolg sowie die Komplikationsraten wurden hierbei zwischen zwei Gruppen verglichen. Die Patienten der einen Gruppe erhielten vor dem endoskopischen Eingriff ein Pre-Stenting (90 Fälle), wohingegen bei den Patienten der anderen Gruppe keine Harnleiterschiene vor der Ureterorensokopie eingelegt wurde (57 Fälle).
Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie zeigen sowohl positive als auch negative Effekte durch das Pre-Stenting vor einer geplanten Ureterorenoskopie. Zu den positiven Effekten gehören beispielsweise eine signifikante Abnahme der Patienten mit einer Hämaturie und Nierenbeckenektasie bei stationärer Aufnahme mit Pre-Stenting. Auch der Anteil an Patienten mit kolikartigen Beschwerden wird durch ein Pre-Stenting gesenkt. Weiterhin führt die Anlage der Schiene zu einer signifikanten Verminderung der Einnahme von Spasmoanalgetika (z.B. Metamizol) und Alpha-Rezeptorblockern (Tamsulosin) während des stationären Aufenthaltes. Auch für den intraoperativen Verlauf können positive Effekte, wie die signifikante Abnahme an Bougierungen der Harnwege bei Patienten mit Pre-Stenting beobachtet werden. Auf der anderen Seite treten intraoperative Kompli-kationen signifikant häufiger in der Gruppe mit Pre-Stenting auf. Besonders für Harnleiterläsionen und intraoperative Blutungen ist ein signifikanter, bei letzterem ein hochsignifikanter Unterschied zu erkennen. Zudem zeigt sich bei Patienten mit liegender Harnleiterschiene signifikant häufiger eine bewachsene Urinkultur.
Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Das Hauptthema dieser Arbeit zielt auf die Frage ab, inwiefern sich ein Pre-Stenting auf die intraoperativen Komplikationen einer Stein-URS auswirkt. Dabei ist festzustellen, dass intraoperative Komplikationen in dieser Studie nur selten festgestellt werden konnten, allerdings fast ausschließlich in der Gruppe mit Pre-Stenting. Nach den Ergebnissen dieser Arbeit scheint das Legen einer Harnleiterschiene vor der geplanten Ureterorenoskopie zwar zu einer Erleichterung der OP-Bedingungen zu führen. Es zeigt sich eine Verringerung der Rate an Bougierungen der Harnwege, sowie eine Abnahme des Anteils an impaktierten Steinen. Zusätzlich kann häufiger ein flexibles Ureterorensokop bei Patienten mit Pre-Stenting verwendet werden. Dies kann auch durch eine vergleichbare Studie bestätigt werden (Navetta et al. 2019). Eine weitere Studie zeigt allerdings keine signifikante Verbesserung durch das Pre-Stenting unabhängig von der Lokalisation bzw. Steingröße bezüglich der Komplikationsrate (Dessyn et al. 2016). Zusammenfassend ist daher festzustellen, dass trotz der oben beschriebenen positiven Effekte eines Pre-Stentings aufgrund der erhöhten intraoperativen Komplikationen die Indikation zur Einlage einer Harn-leiterschiene vor geplanter Ureterorensoskopie wie bisher grundsätzlich nur nach den Vorgaben der entsprechenden Leitlinie gestellt werden sollte und Ausnahmen einer sorgfältigen Risikoabwägung im Sinne des Patienten bedürfen.Background, aims and methods: Urolithiasis and nephrolithiasis are clinical pictures with increasing incidence, which lead to frequent hospitalization requiring interventional measures due to colicky pain, associated with an obstruction of the ureter. Ureterorenoscopy is available as a standard treatment, which can however be associated with intraoperative complications despite high clinical safety. These include minor intraoperative complications such as perforation of the ureter, injury of the ureteral mucosa followed by bleeding as well as major complications such as a rupture or invagination of the ureter. Previous studies have addressed the question as to how the preoperative insertion of a ureteral stent affects various criteria including intraoperative complications. However, these studies show a heterogeneous picture. In this context the question arises as to what extent preoperative stenting provides a benefit for the outcome of the ureterorenoscopy. In the present work, this is retrospectively analyzed in more detail with the help of patient data. For the study patients presenting to the clinic for urology and pediatric urology of the University Hospital Gießen and Marburg (Marburg site) in the period between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2014 with a urinary stone were selected. In order to improve the informative value of the data for the present study the patients were divided into two large groups. In order to be able to work on the main topic of this work more precisely the patients were divided into two large groups. The first group received pre-stenting before the endoscopic intervention (90 cases) whereas the second group did not receive a ureteral stent before the ureterorenoscopy (57 cases).
Results: The results of this study show both positive and negative effects of pre-stenting before a planned ureterorenoscopy. For example, a significant decrease in the number of patients with haematuria and renal pelvic ectasia was observed in patients with pre-stenting. Pre-stenting also reduces the fraction of patients with colicky symptoms. Furthermore, the application of a ureteral stent leads to a significant reduction in the intake of spasm analgesics such as metamizole and alpha-receptor blockers (tamsulosin) during the inpatient stay. Positive effects, such as the significant reduction in bougienage of the urinary tract in patients with pre-stenting can also be observed during the intraoperative course. On the other hand intraoperative complications are significantly more common in the pre-stented group. A significant difference can be seen concerning especially ureter lesions and intraoperative bleeding. The proportion of detection of various germs in the urine during hospital admission is also significantly higher in patients with a ureteral stent.
Discussion and conclusions: The main question addressed in this study is how pre-stenting affects intraoperative complications of ureterorenoscopy. It should be noted that intraoperative complications were only rarely observed in this study, but almost exclusively in the group with pre-stenting. According to the results of this work, the placement of a ureteral stent before the planned ureterorenoscopy can potentially lead to an improvement in the surgical conditions. There is a reduction in the rate of urinary tract bulging and a decrease in the fraction of impacted stones. In addition, a flexible ureteral scope can be used more frequently in patients with pre-stenting. This is also confirmed by a comparable study (Navetta et al. 2019). However, another study shows no significant improvement regarding the complication rate by pre-stenting regardless of the location or stone size (Dessyn et al. 2016). However, another study shows no significant improvement for pre-stenting regardless of the location or stone size with regard to the complication rate (Dessyn et al. 2016). In summary, it can therefore be stated that despite the positive effects of pre-stenting, increased intraoperative complications imply that the indication for the insertion of a ureteral stent before an ureterorenoscopy should only be made according to the specifications of the cor-responding guideline. For this reason exceptions require a careful risk assessment in the interest of the patient
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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