1,720,969 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Les effets d’une périodisation non-linéaire de l’entrainement aérobie sur les réponses cardiopulmonaires à l’exercice et la fonction cardiaque au repos chez des patients atteints de la maladie coronarienne
Full text linkSelon les lignes directrices chez les patients coronariens, un programme d’entrainement aérobie doit combiner de l’entrainement continu à intensité modérée (ECIM) et par intervalles à haute intensité (EIHI), en étant progressif et structuré (périodisation linéaire [PL]), et manipulé selon les principes FITT qui incluent la fréquence, l’intensité, la durée, et la modalité (ou le type). Contrairement à la PL où la charge d’entrainement est constamment augmentée, la périodisation non-linéaire (PNL) de l’entrainement consiste à incorporer des périodes de récupération au cours d’un cycle d’entrainement afin d’optimiser les adaptations et d’éviter la monotonie et le surmenage. Chez les individus sains et atteints de maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique, la PNL de l’entrainement aérobie a parfois montré des bénéfices supérieurs à la PL sur l’amélioration de l’endurance aérobie.
Notre objectif principal était donc de comparer la PNL à la PL de l’entrainement aérobie sur la fonction cardiorespiratoire chez des patients coronariens. Nous avons ensuite comparé les adaptations cardiaques pour les deux types de périodisation au niveau du ventricule gauche (VG) dans une deuxième étude. Nous avions comme hypothèse que la PNL de l’entrainement aérobie apporterait davantage de gains sur les paramètres de réponses cardiopulmonaires à l’effort comparativement à la PL.
Un total de 39 patients coronariens stables, recrutés à l’Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal entre 2016 et 2018, ont effectué une épreuve cardiopulmonaire à l’effort avec mesure des échanges gazeux, et une échocardiographie de repos avant et après une intervention d’entrainement. Les mesures de fonction cardiorespiratoire comprenaient la consommation d’oxygène au pic de l’exercice (V̇O2pic), la puissance aérobie maximale, la ventilation minute (V̇E), les variables d’effort sous-maximales (pente d’efficacité de la consommation d’oxygène PECO], pente de ventilation sur la production de dioxyde de carbone [V̇E/V̇CO2]), les consommations d’oxygène aux 1er [SV1] et 2e [SV2] seuils ventilatoires), et le pouls en oxygène (pouls en O2). Nous avons également mesuré la proportion de hauts et faibles répondeurs dans chacun des groupes selon la médiane du delta V̇O2pic. Les mesures d’échocardiographie comprenaient des mesures de la fonction systolique et diastolique, et des mesures de déformation de la paroi du VG. Les participants ont été répartis aléatoirement soit dans le groupe PL (n = 20, 65±10 ans), soit dans le groupe PNL (n = 19, 66±5 ans) pour 3 mois d’entrainement. L’entrainement consistait à 3 séances par semaine, pour les deux groupes, d’une durée de 30 à 60 minutes/séance, combinant de l’ECIM et de l’EIHI progressifs périodisés, ainsi que des exercices en résistance similaires non progressifs. Bien que les deux groupes étaient isoénergétiques (dépense énergétique totale équivalente sur 12 semaines), la dépense énergétique hebdomadaire était constamment augmentée dans le groupe PL, alors qu’elle était augmentée plus rapidement et entrecoupée d’une semaine d’entrainement à charge plus légère toutes les 4 semaines dans le groupe PNL.
Nous avons observé une augmentation similaire du V̇O2pic, V̇E, PECO, VT1 et SV2, pouls en O2, de la fraction d’éjection du VG , la déformation radiale, et la vitesse de déformation radiale du VG (interaction tempsgroupe : p > 0,05 ; effet du temps : p < 0,05) entre les 2 groupes. La proportion de non, faibles et hauts répondeurs était similaire entre les 2 groupes (p = 0,29). Cependant, la fonction diastolique n’a pas évolué après les 12 semaines d’entrainement dans aucun des deux groupes.
Nos résultats suggèrent que dans cette population, une variation accrue de la charge par la périodisation non-linéaire d’entrainement ne procure pas de gain additionnel dans la réponse cardiopulmonaire à l’effort et dans la fonction cardiaque de patients coronariens. Bien qu’il ne s’agisse pas d’une comparaison directe, une autre étude a rapporté une proportion de 37 % de hauts répondeurs auprès de 1171 patients coronariens après un programme d’entrainement non périodisé de 3 mois, comparativement à 60 et 47 % dans nos groupes PL et PNL, respectivement. Sachant que la non-réponse à l’entrainement est associée à une plus grande mortalité à long-terme, davantage d’études sont nécessaires afin de déterminer si la périodisation de l’entrainement (PL ou PNL) peut mener à une réponse à l’entrainement plus grande et être incorporée dans les programmes de réadaptation cardiaque.Guidelines on exercise training in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD)suggest that an exercise training program with should combine moderate-intensity continuous (MICT) with a high-intensity interval (HIIT) training, with a constant progressive and structured increase of the training load (linear periodization [LP]) in the course of the program. As opposed to the LP, non-linear periodization (NLP) is characterized by greater increase of the training load intercepted by one training week with a lighter training load. NLP is used in athletes to bring variation in the training load, optimize training adaptation, avoid a plateau, monotony, and over-reaching. In healthy and individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, NLP showed greater improvement in aerobic endurance.
Our main objective was to compare the NLP with the LP protocol on the cardiopulmonary exercise response in patients with CHD. Then, we compared the cardiac adaptation of the left ventricle (LV) between both aerobic training periodization. We hypothesized that NLP will be superior for improving cardiorespiratory parameters compared to LP.
We recruited 39 patients with stable CHD from the Montreal Heart Institute, between 2016 and 2018. All completed a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) with gas exchange measurements and a resting cardiac echography before and after the training intervention. The CPET measurements included peak oxygen uptake (peak V̇O2), oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES), minute ventilation (V̇E), ventilatory efficiency slope (V̇E/V̇CO2 slope), oxygen uptake at the first (VT1) and second (VT2) ventilatory thresholds, and oxygen pulse (O2pulse). We also assessed the proportion of non, low, and high responders between both aerobic training periodization using the median of the delta peak V̇O2. The cardiac function measurements included the systolic and the diastolic functions, and the myocardial strain and strain rates in the LV. Exercise training protocols included 3 sessions/week, for 30 to 60 minutes/session, combining a periodized HIIT and MICT, and a non-periodized resistance training. Weekly energy expenditure was constantly increased in the LP group for the aerobic training, while it was increased and intercepted with a lighter training load week each fourth week in the NLP group.
VI
We observed a similar improvement in both groups for peak V̇O2, OUES, VT1, VT2, O2pulse, 3-dimensional LV ejection fraction, radial strain and radial strain rates, (interaction time*group : p>0.05 ; time effect : p<0.05 with a superior effect size in the LP group). Proportion of high responders was similar between groups (p=0.29).
Our results suggest that incorporating more training load variation does not bring more training adaptation in an exercise training program in patients with stable CHD. Despite it is not a direct comparison, another study showed a proportion of 37% of non-responders after a non-periodized training program in 1,171 patients with CHD, compared to 60 and 47% in the LP and NLP from our study, respectively. More studies are needed to examine if training periodization could lead to an increased training response and could be integrated in cardiac rehabilitation programs
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