1,720,992 research outputs found
Avaliação e controlo do treino de exercício físico em contexto clínico : relatório de estágio
Full text linkOrientação: Lucimere BohnSabe-se que o exercício físico é benéfico ao nível da saúde. O treino controlado e repetido ao longo do tempo, contribui para a prevenção de várias doenças e dos respetivos fatores de risco. Adicionalmente, nos casos em que as doenças estão estabelecidas, o treino de exercício físico ajuda a controlar e a retardar o avanço das mesmas, contribuindo para a preservação da qualidade de vida e da independência para a realização das atividades de vida diárias. Por isso, o exercício físico em contexto clínico, como em clínicas de fisioterapia, pode trazer ganhos adicionais para a saúde de pessoas que estão em processo de recuperação/reabilitação de condições clínicas. O presente documento pretende sumariar a totalidade das atividades realizadas no âmbito do estágio prático na clínica de fisioterapia de Vila Praia de Âncora. Nomeadamente, pretende descrever o processo de avaliação e controlo do treino em três participantes diabéticos, cinco obesos, cinco participantes com doença de Parkinson e três sobreviventes de acidente vascular cerebral. Os programas de treino procuraram dar resposta às recomendações do Colégio Americano de Medicina Desportiva. Todos os participantes foram avaliados antes e após os programas de exercício físico. A duração dos programas foi de aproximadamente 14 semanas e houve uma variabilidade na duração que resultou de constrangimentos levantados pela pandemia COVID-19. O presente documento encontra-se organizado por capítulos. O primeiro, diz respeito ao contexto institucional para a realização do estágio. O segundo, que se encontra subdividido por patologias (isto é, diabetes, obesidade, doença de Parkinson e acidente vascular cerebral), tem como objetivo sumariar a totalidade das atividades desempenhadas no estágio prático. Para cada uma das patologias, estará descrito um breve enquadramento teórico acerca da patologia, procedimentos de avaliação física, protocolo de treino, resultados pré e pós programa de treino e reflexão finalIt is known that physical exercise is beneficial in terms of health. Controlled and repeated training over time contributes to preventing many diseases and their risk factors. Additionally, in cases where diseases are established, physical exercise training helps to control and delay their progress, contributing to the preservation of quality of life and independence to carry out daily activities. Therefore, physical exercise in a clinical context, such as in physical therapy clinics, can bring additional benefits for the health of people who are in the process of recovery/rehabilitation from clinical conditions. The present document intends to summarise all the activities carried out as part of the practical internship at the physiotherapy clinic in Vila Praia de Âncora. In particular, it intends to describe the process of evaluation and control of training in three diabetic participants, five obese participants, five participants with Parkinson's disease and three stroke survivors. The training programs sought to respond to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine. All participants were evaluated before and after physical exercise programs. The duration of the programs was approximately 14 weeks and there was variability in duration that resulted from constraints raised by the COVID-19 pandemic. This document is organized by chapters. The first one concerns the institutional context for carrying out the internship. The second, which is subdivided by pathologies (i.e., Diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease and stroke), aims to summarise all the activities performed in the practical stage. For each of the pathologies, a brief theoretical framework will be described about the pathology, physical assessment procedures, training protocol, pre and post training program results and final reflection
Força, Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória e Rigidez Arterial em Adultos 50+
Full text linkOrientação: Lucimere Bohn ; Co-orientação: Inês Marques AleixoA rigidez arterial (RA) é um preditor de risco independente de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV), mortalidade cardiovascular e mortalidade por todas as causas. As relações que a RA estabelece com as componentes da aptidão física, sobretudo força muscular, ainda não são claras. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo comparar a aptidão cardiorespiratória e força muscular, de acordo a RA (elevada versus normal), em adultos com idades a partir dos 50 anos
O efeito do treino de força crónico com restrição de fluxo sanguíneo nos parâmetros hemodinâmicos em adultos saudáveis
Full text linkOrientação: Lucimere BohnIntrodução: O treino resistido (TR) com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo (RFS) significa a realização de exercícios de força com diminuição do fluxo sanguíneo arterial para os músculos ativos. A diminuição do sangue arterial disponível para os músculos ativos impede que a intensidade e o volume do exercício sejam tão altos em comparação com o treino resistido sem RFS. As respostas hemodinâmicas ao TR-RFS parecem causar contração muscular com baixo fluxo sanguíneo, elevando o estresse metabólico, diminuindo o retorno venoso, exacerbando a atividade simpática e aumentando a resistência vascular periférica, que juntos aumentam agudamente a tensão arterial e a frequência cardíaca. No entanto, os efeitos hemodinâmicos crónicos do TR-RFS e sua comparabilidade com o treino resistido sem RFS e mesmo em comparação com grupos sem treino, ainda são escassos e precisam ser investigados. Objetivos: O objetivo desta revisão sistemática com meta-análise da literatura revisada por pares foi examinar os efeitos crónicos do TR-RFS na tensão arterial em adultos aparentemente saudáveis (PROSPERO: Registro: CRD42022339510). Metodologia: Foi realizada uma busca bibliográfica nas bases de dados PubMed, Sports Discus, Scielo e Web of Science. Dois revisores independentes extraíram as características do estudo e as medidas de tensão arterial. Foram avaliados o risco de viés através da Risk of Bias [ferramenta da Cochrane para ensaios clínicos randomizados (RoB-2)] e a certeza da evidência [através da escala Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)]. Um total de oito estudos preencheram os critérios de inclusão para tensão arterial sistólica (TAS), diastólica (TAD) e média (TAM). Resultados: Em relação à comparação TR-RFS versus não exercício, não foram observadas diferenças significativas a favor do grupo exercício (p>0,05). No entanto, quando comparado ao treino de força sem RFS, o TR-RFS promoveu melhorias adicionais na TAD (-3,35; IC 95% -6,00 a -0,71; I2 = 14%; z = -2,48, p = 0,01), e também na TAM (-3,96; IC 95% -7,94 a 0,02; I2 = 43%; z = -1,95, p = 0,05). Conclusão: Os resultados indicam que o TR-RFS pode promover uma diminuição na TAD, mas a falta de dados sobre este tópico torna qualquer conclusão especulativa. Futuras pesquisas sobre este tópico são garantidasIntroduction: Resistance training (RT) with blood flow restriction (BFR) means the performance of strength exercises with decreased arterial blood flow to the active muscles and impeded venous return. The decreased available arterial blood into the active muscles hinders exercise intensity and volume from being as high compared to resistance training without BFR. Hemodynamic responses to RT-BFR seems to cause muscle contraction at low blood flow elevates metabolic stress, diminishes venous return, exacerbates sympathetic activity, and increases peripheral vascular resistance, which together acutely raise blood pressure and heart rate. Although, the chronic hemodynamic effects of RT-BFR and its comparability against resistance training without BFR and even versus non-training conditions are still scarce and need to be investigated. Aims: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed literature was to examine the chronic effects of resistance training with blood flow restriction (RT-BFR) on blood pressure in apparently healthy adults (PROSPERO: Registry: CRD42022339510).
Methodology: A literature search was conducted across PubMed, Sports Discus, Scielo and Web of Science databases. Two independent reviewers extracted study characteristics and blood pressure measures. Risk of bias [The Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials (RoB-2)], and the certainty of the evidence [Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)] were determined. A total of eight studies met the inclusion criteria for systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Results: Regarding the comparison RT-BFR versus non-exercise, no significant differences favoring the exercise group were observed (p>0.05). However, when compared to TRT, the RT-BFR elicited additional improvements on DBP (-3.35; 95%CI -6.00 to -0.71; I2 = 14%; z = -2.48, p = 0.01), and on MAP ( -3.96; 95%CI -7.94 to 0.02; I2 = 43%; z = -1.95, p = 0.05). Conclusion: Results indicate that RT-BFR may elicit a decrease in DBP, but the lack of data addressing this topic makes any conclusion speculative. Future research on this topic is warranted
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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