975 research outputs found
Evaluation of the ZigBee based wire-less soil moisture sensor network SoilNet
No full textA remaining challenge in hydrology is to explain the observed patterns of hydrological behaviour over multiple spacetime scales as a result of interacting environmental factors. The large spatial and temporal variability of soil water content is determined by factors like atmospheric forcing, topography, soil properties and vegetation, which interact in a complex nonlinear way (e.g. Western et al., 2004).
A promising new technology for environmental monitoring is the wireless sensor network (Cardell-Oliver et al., 2005). The wireless sensor network technology allows the real-time soil water content monitoring at high spatial and temporal resolution for observing hydrological processes in small water-sheds (0.1-80 sqkm). Although wireless sensor networks can still be considered as an emerging research field, the supporting communication technology for low cost, low power wireless networks has matured greatly in the past decade (Robinson et al., 2008). Wireless environmental sensor networks will play an important role in the emerging terrestrial environmental observatories (Bogena et al., 2006), since they are able to bridge the gap between local (e.g. lysimeter) and regional scale measurements (e.g. remote sensing).
This paper presents a first application of the novel wireless soil water content network SoilNet, which was developed at the Forschungszentrum Jülich using the new low-cost ZigBee radio network
Typescript Bill H.R. 20819 for the Construction of Roads and other Permanent Improvements
No full textTypescript draft of Bill H.R. 20819 to provide for the construction of roads and other permanent improvements at or near the Grand Canyon. The sum of $110,000 dollars is to be appropriated for the project under the direction of the Secretary of Agriculture
Development of a Measurement Operator for Cosmic Ray Soil Moisture Observations
No full textCosmic ray sensors measure neutron fluxes close to the earth surface. Effective absorption of energetic cosmic rays by hydrogen nuclei in the soil establishes a direct relationship between measured neutron flux and soil moisture content. Using this relationship, cosmic ray sensors are becoming increasingly popular for measuring soil moisture content at the field scale. The interesting aspect of the measurement is that the average soil moisture content (with diameter around 600 m and a vertical depth up to 70 cm) over a larger scale can be obtained (Zreda et al., 2008). However, the relation between the spatial distribution of soil moisture content in the footprint of a cosmic ray probe and the measured number of neutron counts is non-linear and the exact relationship is still subject to uncertainty. The soil moisture monitoring network SoilNet (Bogena et al. 2010) established in the framework of the TERENO project offers an excellent opportunity to compare soil moisture measurements and neutron counts and improve the calibration of cosmic ray probes. The established relation between the two methods is a non-linear measurement operator in a data assimilation framework. Here soil moisture contents measured in Rollesbroich (Eifel, Germany) at 83 locations and 3 depths (5, 20 and 50 cm) were used to calibrate a cosmic ray probe. First results of the analysis to illustrate the influence of soil moisture heterogeneity in the cosmic ray footprint, the relation between mean soil moisture content and vertical footprint, as well as the causes for deviations between soil moisture content measured by a cosmic ray probe and by SoilNet will be shown. It will be demonstrated that a good correspondence between measured soil moisture contents by TDR or FDR and soil moisture estimated with a cosmic ray probe for a period of a few months does not guarantee a good fit at other times of the year. References: Bogena, H.R., M. Herbst, J.A. Huisman, U. Rosenbaum, A. Weuthen, and H. Vereecken (2010): Potential of wireless sensor networks for measuring soil water content variability. Vadose Zone J. 9: 1002-101, doi:10.2136/vzj2009.0173. Zreda, M., Desilets, D., Ferré, T. P. A., and Scott, R. L. (2008): Measuring soil moisture content non-invasively at intermediate spatial scale using cosmic-ray neutrons, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23(9), 949-952
Innovative Ways of Dealing with Existing Problems: How to reliably Assess the Cause of Damage of Masonry Structures in an Area with Man-induced Earthquakes?
No full textGroningen, a province in the northern part of the Netherlands, suffers from earthquakes because of gas drilling. The residential building stock in Groningen was not designed for these loads. Over the years a lot of smaller and larger damage has developed, possibly - but not necessarily - caused by the effects of gas drilling. Delft University of Technology was asked by the Dutch government to come up with a method to reliably assess the cause of damage of masonry structures in Groningen. This paper discusses the developed approach for reliably assessing the causes of failure of masonry structures in earthquake-prone areas and the way innovative monitoring techniques were applied.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Applied Mechanic
Efficient material use through smart flexible formwork method
No full textConcrete is an excellent material for application in free-form architecture as a result of its initial fluid state. Double-curved building shapes have been realized in various fibre-reinforced mixtures, using advanced CNC-milled formwork systems. However, a substantial reduction of material use is still possible on two ends: by using a flexible formwork very thin and structurally efficient elements can be manufactured, reinforced with fibres or textiles. Moreover, the reusability of the flexible formwork considerably limits the waste material that was always remaining after the use of milled formwork systems. This paper discusses experiments with both formwork and mixtures in a PhD-study of the first author, demonstrating the ecological potential of this innovative production method.Structural EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Cosmetic Testing on Animals
No full textPushing the Humane Cosmetics Act (H.R.4148) both to Remove Harmful Ingredients from Cosmetics and Promote the Health and Welfare of AnimalsFall 2014Accompanied by video fil
Bundeling van zonlicht door gekromde gevels: Een concreet probleemgeval onderzocht met parametrische tools, simulatie en controlemetingen
No full textWat te doen als je prachtige gekromde glazen gevel onverwacht als vergrootglas blijkt te werken? Het fenomeen, dat al enigszins bekend was van de beruchte “Walkie Talkie” in Londen, is al eens eerder beschreven in Bouwfysica in 2018 [1]. Helaas kon dat artikel niet voorkomen dat ook in Nederland dit probleem vorig najaar plotseling optrad bij een nieuw gebouw dat op het punt stond opgeleverd te worden. Smeltende auto-onderdelen op het ondergelegen parkeerterrein, mogelijk gevaar voor bezoekers en een ongeruste opdrachtgever waren het resultaat. Parametrische tools en software voor simulatie van bezonning hielpen het ontwerpteam en de opdrachtgever om samen te zoeken naar de meest geschikte oplossing.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Applied MechanicsEnvironmental & Climate Desig
Time-Dependent Behaviour of Polymers and Unidirectional Polymeric Composites
No full textMechanical Maritime and Materials Engineerin
Nilai Budaya Pada Novel Gugur Bunga Kedaton Karya Wahyu H.R: Kajian Antropologi Sastra Dan Implementasinya Dalam Pembelajaran Sastra Di Sma
No full textThis study has four objectives. Describe the social background of historical authorship of Wahyu H.R. Describe the structure builders novel GBK work of Wahyu H.R. Describe the cultural values embodied in the novel GBK work of Wahyu H.R. Explained implementation of novel research results GBK of Wahyu H.R work in teaching literature in high school. This study uses descriptive qualitative method. Object of research is cultural values contained in the novel GBK of Wahyu H.R with a review of the anthropological literature. The data in this study a paragaf, sentences, and words related to novel structures and cultural values. The primary data source in this study is novel GBK. While secondary data sources in the research is a biography of the author and literary authors. Data collection techniques used are literature, see, and record. Validation data using triangulation theory. Data were analyzed using heuristic and hermeneutic reading method. In the novel there are five cultural values were analyzed using the theory presented by Djamaris. This value includes the value of culture in the human relationship with God which consists of the value ketawakalan, piety, faith in destiny, grateful, and pleasure, the value of culture in human relationships with the society of the value of consensus, mutual cooperation, harmony or balance, and solidarity ,cultural values in human relationships with others that consist of the value of love, loyalty, obedience to parents, and wisdom, the value of culture in the human relationship with yourself that consists of the value of willpower, study, live custom and religion, courage and vigilance, and cultural values in human relationships with nature consisting of human values that unite with nature and human nature conquered or utilize. Implementation of cultural value in GBK novel as literature in high school teaching materials appropriate and relevant learning materials to be used as literature. GBK novel contains elements of intrinsic and extrinsic elements. Intrinsic element is implemented to the students to find a theme, a fact the story and the story means. Extrinsic elements of the novel are implemented to discover cultural values contained in the novel
No-Fault Peer Review Charges: The Price of Selectivity Need Not Be Access Denied or Delayed
No full textPlans by universities and research funders to pay the costs of Open Access Publishing ("Gold OA") are premature. Funds are short; 80% of journals (including virtually all the top journals) are still subscription-based, tying up the potential funds to pay for Gold OA; the asking price for Gold OA is still high; and there is concern that paying to publish may inflate acceptance rates and lower quality standards. What is needed now is for universities and funders to mandate OA self-archiving (of authors' final peer-reviewed drafts, immediately upon acceptance for publication) ("Green OA"). That will provide immediate OA; and if and when universal Green OA should go on to make subscriptions unsustainable (because users are satisfied with just the Green OA versions) that will in turn induce journals to cut costs (print edition, online edition, access-provision, archiving), downsize to just providing the service of peer review, and convert to the Gold OA cost-recovery model; meanwhile, the subscription cancellations will have released the funds to pay these residual service costs. The natural way to charge for the service of peer review then will be on a "no-fault basis," with the author's institution or funder paying for each round of refereeing, regardless of outcome (acceptance, revision/re-refereeing, or rejection). This will minimize cost while protecting against inflated acceptance rates and decline in quality standards
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