1,720,993 research outputs found
Policy Measures to Realise Green Corridors - A Stakeholders Perspective
No full textThe findings from the implementation of economic incentives in Europe, such as CO2 tax and road user charges are encouraging, but it is unlikely to be enough to reduce CO2 emissions from the freight transport sector by the required amount. Creating the so-called Green Corridors is one of the many measures being applied by the EU to make the freight transport sectormore sustainable. The aim of this article is to adopt a stakeholder perspective on concepts and measures that will be necessary to establish a successful Green Corridor. A literature review and interviews with experts were used to generate input for a workshop at which stakeholders from academia, government bodies and the transport industry jointly devised newconcepts and policymeasures for the creation of Green Corridors. A combination of positive incentives, agreements, taxes and regulations is needed to maketransport companies willing to participate. A promising pathway employs measures that ensure punctuality and accessibility, but also remove bureaucratic and infrastructural bottlenecks. In return, the transport operators must use significantly improved environmental technology in the corridors. Cooperation between actors isneeded in order to raise load factors in the system, by increasing transparency and offering free capacity toother operators in the corridor
ELM: Environmental Assessment of Fuel Supply Systems for Vehicle Fleets
No full textThis thesis is based on the idea of applying a logistics approach to fuel supply systems. The complete supply chain from energy raw material to end use in the vehicle is analysed while keeping track of energy conversion efficiency, exergy consumption and emissions to air. This method, which is referred to as Energy Logistic Modelling (ELM), is heavily influenced by LCA practices. The viability of using this approach in the decision-making process of choosing fuel for a vehicle fleet is investigated.<p /> The emphasis is on organising and structuring life cycle inventories of fuels for entire fleets of vehicles and to give recommendations and guidelines for how to define system boundaries and allocation rules. ELM is suitable for assessing trade offs between changes of fuel or system boundaries and the above mentioned fuel supply chain measures, as well as technical modifications of the supply chain itself
Cost Effective Measures to Reduce CO2 Emissions in the Air Freight Sector
No full textThis paper presents cost effective measures to reduce CO2 emissions in the air freight sector. One door-to-door transport chain is studied in detail from a Scandinavian city to a city in southern Europe. The transport chain was selected by a group of representatives from the air freight sector in order to encompass general characteristics within the sector. Three different ways of shipping air cargo are studied, i.e., by air freighter, as belly freight (in passenger aircrafts) and trucking. CO2 emissions are calculated for each part of the transport chain and its relative importance towards the total amount CO2 emitted during the whole transport chain is shown. It is confirmed that the most CO2 emitting part of the transport chain is the actual flight and that it is in the take-off and climbing phases that most fuel are burned. It is also known that the technical development of aircraft implies a reduction in fuel consumption for each new generation of aircraft. Thus, the aircraft manufacturers have an important role in this development. Having confirmed these observations, this paper focuses on other factors that significantly affects the fuel consumption. Analyzed factors are, e.g., optimization of speed and altitude, traffic management, congestion on and around the airfields, tankering, "latest acceptance time" for goods and improving the load factor. The different factors relative contribution to the total emission levels for the transport chain has been estimated
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
ELM: Environmental Assessment of Fuel Supply Systems for Vehicle Fleets
No full textThis thesis is based on the idea of applying a logistics approach to fuel supply systems. The complete supply chain from energy raw material to end use in the vehicle is analysed while keeping track of energy conversion efficiency, exergy consumption and emissions to air. This method, which is referred to as Energy Logistic Modelling (ELM), is heavily influenced by LCA practices. The viability of using this approach in the decision-making process of choosing fuel for a vehicle fleet is investigated. The emphasis is on organising and structuring life cycle inventories of fuels for entire fleets of vehicles and to give recommendations and guidelines for how to define system boundaries and allocation rules. ELM is suitable for assessing trade offs between changes of fuel or system boundaries and the above mentioned fuel supply chain measures, as well as technical modifications of the supply chain itself
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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