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The twelve large colour prints of William Blake: a study on techniques, materials and context
No full textThe aim of this thesis is to study in entirety the group of large colour prints which William Blake made between 1795 and 1805. The series of prints represents the single most important and complete development of Blake’s skill as an innovative printmaker. Although they include some of Blake’s best-known images, they have not been studied before in their entirety or from the point of view of analysing the techniques and methods Blake had used. My study will show how Blake executed these truly impressive prints in terms of materials, method and motives. The first half of the thesis deals with the materialistic aspects of Blake’s colour printing. In chapter one tracing the controversial two-pull discussion to the root, I will make clear the focus points as well as revealing the early tradition of experimental criticism on Blake’s colour printing method. Focusing on two important critics, W. Graham Robertson and Ruthven Todd, and the periods they lived, I attempt to reveal the role they played in a wider context. Also I show how the tradition of Blake’s art was inherited directly through the Ancients to the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, which leads to Robertson and Todd. In the second chapter I deal with the development of Blake’s colour printing experiments. It is obvious that the Twelve Large Colour Prints were produced as a result of Blake’s series of colour printing experiments, starting with monocolour simple prints, going through the illuminated books progressing with more colours and higher skills
Tradução comentada de Milton de William Blake
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-graduação em Estudos da TraduçãoPartindo de uma análise do percurso da tradução das obras de William Blake no sistema literário brasileiro, esse trabalho discute uma proposta de tradução de Milton, uma das três maiores profecias do autor, como uma possibilidade de reescrita complementar às reescritas existentes do poeta inglês no Brasil. Fornecem dados para essa discussão a própria tradução de Milton e seu confronto com a tradução do mesmo livro realizada por Manuel Portela (Blake, 2009b). Na proposta de tradução apresentada neste trabalho, o ritmo, a pontuação, o uso de adjetivos, as repetições, as aliterações e consonâncias e os nomes próprios são identificados como algumas das características relevantes na totalidade do texto de Milton, e o estudo crítico sobre a obra e seu autor é considerado fundamental para determinar tanto as escolhas de tradução em nível textual como o perfil geral da reescrit
William Blake and the visionary poetry of the law.
No full textPhDThis dissertation examines the meaning of law in Blake's work. I argue that Blake's poetry
intersects with contemporaneous challenges to the traditional model of the ancient constitution,
a debate which I present as a conflict between custom and code. Blake's support for the French
Revolution's overthrow of the customary systems of the ancien regime is countered by his
nervousness about the rights-based discourse advanced by leading radical intellectuals such as
Thomas Paine, a belief that the new systems which they proposed merely re-stated those which
they sought to replace within an even narrower compass.
Law is also a contested ground within radical political discourse of this period; although the
dominant proposals advocated the enshrinement of fundamental rights and the codification of
law, there was also a tendency towards a more enthusiastic radicalism These millenarian
groups, emerging from antinomian heresy, rejected the notion of life being framed within a set
of moral laws. I argue that Blake cannot easily be placed in either group; his work exhibits a
fidelity to the redemptive potential of law, coupled with a real concern that to define freedoms
in legal terms serves to limit rather than to liberate.
Blake's work thus engages with a problem of the period: how to understand the new
discourses of law. The customary account of the ancient English conunon law is predicated on
the idea that it is codified, yet not written down; secular, though grounded in divine principle.
These ambivalences are exploited by Blake in his poetic exploration of the law in the 1790s. In
his nineteenth-century epics, Blake finds increasing help in dissenting religion's reconstruction
of a radicalized Jesus. Through this radical prophetic voice, Blake is able to construct a
redemptive legality founded on a deinstitutio-nalized Christianity, a constitutionalism that is
also recovered from the conventional customary account
Blake and Kierkegaard Creation and Anxiety
No full textThis study applies Kierkegaardian anxiety to Blake's creation myths to explain how Romantic era creation narratives are a reaction to Enlightenment models of personality.Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1 Blake and Kierkegaard: Shared Contexts -- The Sources of Kierkegaardian Anxiety and Creation Anxiety -- Denmark's and England's Shared Histories -- Denmark's and England's Cultural Anxieties -- Blake, Kierkegaard, and the Cultural Tensions -- 2 Blake, Kierkegaard, and the Socratic Tradition -- Human Personality and the Socratic Tradition -- Kierkegaard and the Socratic Tradition -- Blake and the Socratic Tradition -- 3 Blake, Kierkegaard, and the Classical Model of Personality -- Kierkegaard's Aesthetic Stage and Blake's Innocence -- Kierkegaard's Ethical Stage and Blake's Experience -- Kierkegaard's Religiousness A and B and Blake's Visionary Personality -- 4 Innocence, Generation, and the Fall in Blake and Kierkegaard -- Kierkegaard and the Problem of Generation -- Generation in Blake -- Urizen the Reflective-Aesthetic King -- Reason and Imagination in Blake and Kierkegaard -- 5 Creation Anxiety and The [First] Book of Urizen -- Urizen the Creator-Monarch -- Science and Religion in the Urizen Books -- Haufniensis, the Demonic, and Spiritlessness -- Conclusion: Nature, Artifice, and Creation Anxiety in William Blake -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- YThis study applies Kierkegaardian anxiety to Blake's creation myths to explain how Romantic era creation narratives are a reaction to Enlightenment models of personality.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Profecia poética e tradução: America a prophecy, de William Blake, traduzida e comentada
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expresão. Programa de Pós-graduação em Estudos da TraduçãoEsta dissertação consiste na tradução comentada do livro America A Prophecy (1793), do poeta inglês William Blake (1757-1827). O trabalho contextualiza America no conjunto da obra de Blake e apresenta um quadro de suas traduções publicadas no Brasil. Discute também alguns tópicos da teoria da tradução de textos poéticos utilizados a seguir no estudo dos elementos mais importantes de America para a nova tradução proposta - ritmo (esquema acentual, anáfora, paralelismo rítmico e assonâncias, correspondência rítmica), aliterações, colocações blakeanas, símbolos, nomes de personagens históricas -, que é sistematicamente confrontada com a versão portuguesa do poema, realizada por Manuel Portela. This dissertation consists of a translation with commentary of the book America A Prophecy (1793), by the English poet William Blake (1757-1827). It contextualizes America in the ensemble of Blake's work and presents a summary of the published translations of his work in Brazil. It also discusses some aspects of translation theory concerning poetical texts, which are then used in the study of the elements of America which are most important for the new translation - rhythm (accentual scheme, anaphora, rhythmic parallelism and assonance, rhythmic correspondence), alliterations, Blakean collocations, symbols, names of historical characters -, which is systematically confronted with a Portuguese version of the poem, by Manuel Portela
William Blake The Critical Heritage
No full textThe Critical Heritage gathers together a large body of critical sources on major figures in literature. Each volume presents contemporary responses to a writer's work, enabling students and researchers to read for themselves, for example, comments on early performances of Shakespeare's plays, or reactions to the first publication of Jane Austen's novels. The carefully selected sources range from landmark essays in the history of criticism to journalism and contemporary opinion, and little published documentary material such as letters and diaries. Significant pieces of criticism from later periods are also included, in order to demonstrate the fluctuations in an author's reputation. Each volume contains an introduction to the writer's published works, a selected bibliography, and an index of works, authors and subjects. The Collected Critical Heritage set will be available as a set of 68 volumes and the series will also be available in mini sets selected by period (in slipcase boxes) and as individual volumes.Cover -- WILLIAM BLAKE: THE CRITICAL HERITAGE -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Note on the Text -- Preface -- Introduction: BLAKE'S CRITICAL REPUTATION 1780-1863 -- PART I BLAKE'S LIFE -- 1. General comments: 1826, 1827, 1855 -- (a) Crabb Robinson, 1826 -- (b) John Linnell, 1827 -- (c) Samuel Palmer, 1855 -- 2. External events: 1757-1812 -- 3. Politics: 1804, 1805 -- (a) Samuel Greatheed, 1804 -- (b) William Hayley, 1805 -- 4. Visions: 1761-1825 -- (a) Blake, 1761-1800 -- (b) Thomas Phillips, 1807 -- (c) Blake, 1819-25 -- 5. Madness: 1841, 1805, 1830 -- (a) W.C.Dendy, 1841 -- (b) Lady Hesketh, 1805 -- (c) Caroline Bowles, 1830 -- (d) Robert Southey, 1830 -- (e) James Ward, Edward Calvert, F.O.Finch, Cornelius Varley -- (f) Seymour KirKup -- 6. 'He is always in Paradise': 1825-60 -- (a) Crabb Robinson, 1825 -- (b) Samuel Palmer -- (c) Thomas Woolner, 1860 -- (d) Seymour Kirkup -- (e) Crabb Robinson, 1826 -- (f) Frederick Tatham, 1832 -- PART II WRITINGS -- 7. Reviews of Malkin's account of Blake (1806): 1806, 1807 -- (a) Literary Journal, 1806 -- (b) British Critic, 1806 -- (c) Monthly Review, 1806 -- (d) Monthly Magazine, 1807 -- (e) Annual Review, 1807 -- 8. General comments: 1807-38 -- (a) George Cumberland, 1808 -- (b) Blake, 1808 -- (c) Wordsworth, 1807 -- (d) Crabb Robinson, 1812, 1813, 1838 -- (e) W.S.Landor -- 9. Poetical Sketches (1783): 1828, 1784 -- (a) J.T.Smith, 1828 -- (b) John Flaxman, 1784 -- 10. The Book of Thel (1789): 1839 -- J.J.G.Willinson's, 1839 -- 11. The French Revolution (1791) -- Samuel Palmer, 1827 -- 12. Songs of Innocence and of Experience (1789, 1794): 1811-63 -- (a) J.T.Smith, 1828 -- (b) Crabb Robinson, 1811 -- (c) William Hazlitt, 1826 -- (d) Coleridge, 1818 -- (e) Gilchrist, 1863 -- (f) Blake, 1827 -- (g) Edward FitzGerald, 1833 -- (h) J.J.G.Wilkinson, 1839(i) Edward Quillinan, 1848 -- (j) John Ruskin -- 13. America (1793) and Europe (1794): 1828 -- Richard Thomson, 1828 -- 14. Descriptive Catalogue (1809): 1809-47 -- (a) Blake, 1809 -- (b) Crabb Robinson, 1810 -- (c) Robert Southey, 1847 -- (d) George Cumberland, Jr, 1809 -- (e) George Cumberland, 1809 -- (f) Robert Hunt in the Examiner, 1809 -- (g) Blake -- 15. Jerusalem (1804-?20): 1811-28 -- (a) Crabb Robinson, 1811 -- (b) T.G.Wainewright, 1820 -- (c) J.T.Smith, 1828 -- PART III DRAWINGS -- 16. General comments: 1780-1865 -- (a) Crabb Robinson, 1825 -- (b) Blake, ?1820 -- (c) Gilchrist, 1863 -- (d) J.T.Smith, 1828 -- (e) Blake -- (f) Fuseli -- (g) George Richmond -- (h) Allan Cunningham, 1830 -- (i) Isaac D'Israeli, 1836 -- (j) William Hayley, 1803 -- (k) Gilchrist, 1863 -- (l) J.T.Smith, 1828 -- (m) Frederick Tatham, ?1832 -- (n) John Linnell, 1863 -- (o) Blake -- (p) George Cumberland, 1780 -- (q) John Flaxman, 1783 -- (r) Dr Trusler, 1799 -- (s) John Flaxman, 1800 -- (t) Blake, 1802 -- (u) T.F.Dibdin, 1836 -- (v) William Hayley, 1801 -- (w) Blake, 1801 -- (x) Nancy Flaxman, 1805 -- (y) Blake, 1808 -- (z) Ozias Humphry, 1808 -- (aa) George Cumberland, Jr, 1815 -- (bb) J.T.Smith, 1828 -- (cc) C.H.B.Ker, 1810 -- (dd) Seymour KirKup, 1865 -- (ee) George Cumberland, 1808 -- (ff) J.J.G.Wilkinson, 1838 -- (gg) John Ruskin, 1849 -- PART IV ENGRAVED DESIGNS -- 17. General comments -- (a) Blake, 1804 -- (b) Gilchrist, 1863 -- (c) John Flaxman, 1805 -- (d) Joseph Johnson, 1791 -- (e) John Flaxman, 1804, 1808, 1814 -- 18. Salzmann, Elements of Morality (1791): 1791 -- Analytical Review, 1791 -- 19. Burger, Leonora (1796): 1796 -- (a) British Critic, 1796 -- (b) Analytical Review, 1796 87 -- 20. Cumberland, Thoughts on Outline (1796): 1796 -- Reference to Blake in the text, 1796 -- 21. Stuart and Revett, Antiquities of Athens, 1794: 1803John Flaxman, 1803 -- 22. Young, Night Thoughts (1797): 1796-1830 -- (a) J.T.Smith, 1828 -- (b) Joseph Farington 1796-7 -- (c) Advertising flyer, 1797 -- (d) Advertisement in Night Thoughts, 1797 -- (e) T.F.Dibdin, 1824 -- (f) Bulwer Lytton, 1830 -- (g) Auction catalogue, 1821 -- (h) Auction catalogue, 1826 -- (i) Auction catalogue, 1828 -- 23. Hayley, Essay on Sculpture (1800): 1800 -- (a) William Hayley"s, 1800 -- (b) Blake, 1800 -- (c) William Hayley, 1800 -- 24. Hayley, Designs to a Series of Ballads (1802): 1802 -- (a) William Hayley, 1802 -- (b) Lady Hesketh, 1802 -- (c) John Flaxman, 1802 -- (d) Charlotte Collins, 1802 -- (e) Lady Hesketh, 1802 -- (f) Blake -- (g) John Johnson, 1802 -- (h) Lady Hesketh, 1802 -- (i) William Hayley, 1802 -- (j) Lady Hesketh, 1802 -- 25. Hayley, Life…of William Cowper (1803): 1801-4 -- (a) William Hayley, 1801 -- (b) Lady Hesketh, 1801 -- (c) William Hayley, 1801-2 -- (d) John Flaxman, 1802 -- (e) William Hayley, 1802 -- (f) Lady Hesketh, 1802-3 -- (g) Blake, 1803 -- (h) Lady Hesketh, 1803 -- (i) Samuel Greatheed, 1804 -- 26. Hayley, Triumphs of Temper (1803): 1803 -- John Flaxman, 1803 -- 27. Hoare, Academic Correspondence, 1803 (1804): 1804 -- Literary Journal, 1804 -- 28. Hayley, Ballads (1805): 1805, 1806 -- (a) William Hayley, 1805 -- (b) Lady Hesketh, 1805 -- (c) Samuel Greatheed, 1805 -- (d) Samuel Greatheed review, 1805 -- (e) Robert Southey review, 1806 -- 29. Blair, The Grave (1808): 1805-63 -- General comments, 1805-63 -- (a) John Flaxman, 1805 -- (b) Blake, 1805 -- (c) Prospectus, 1805 -- (d) R.T.Stothard, 1863 -- (e) John Flaxman, 1805 -- (f) R.H.Cromek, 1807 -- (g) Louis Schiavonetti, 1807 -- (h) John Hoppner, 1808 -- (i) Advertisement, 1808 -- (j) W.Walker, 1808 -- (k) William Bell Scott -- (l) David Scott, 1844 -- (m) James Montgomery -- Reviews -- (n) Review by Robert Hunt in the Examiner, 1808(o) Blake's reply in his Descriptive Catalogue, 1809 -- (p) Antijacobin Review, 1808 -- (q) Monthly Magazine, 1808 -- General comments, 1810-26 -- (r) W.P.Carey, 1817 -- (s) Repository of Arts, 1810 -- (t) C.H.B.Ker, 1810 -- (u) Quarterly Review, 1826 -- (v) J.J.de Mora, 1826 -- (w) Sir Edward Denny, 1826 -- 30. The Prologue and Characters of Chaucer's Pilgrims (1812): 1812 -- (a) Introduction -- (b) Gentleman's Magazine, 1812 -- 31. Virgil, Pastorals (1821): 1821-63 -- (a) Henry Cole, 1843 -- (b) Gilchrist, 1863 -- (c) Virgil, Pastorals, 1821 -- (d) Edward Calvert -- (e) Samuel Palmer -- 32. Remember Me! (1825, 1826): 1825 -- Introduction -- 33. Illustrations of The Book of Job (1826): 1826-45 -- (a) J.T.Smith, 1828 -- (b) E.T.Daniell, 1826 -- (c) Robert Balmanno, 1826 -- (d) Sir Edward Denny, 1826 -- (e) H.S.C.Shorts, 1827 -- (f) George Cumberland, 1827 -- (g) H.Dumaresq, 1828 -- (h) Bernard Barton, 1830, 1838 -- (i) F.T.Palgrave, 1845 -- 34. Blake's Illustrations of Dante (?1838): 1824-?32 -- (a) Samuel Palmer, 1824 -- (b) T.G.Wainewright, 1827 -- (c) Crabb Robinson, 1827 -- (d) Bernard Barton, 1830 -- (e) Frederick Tatham's, ?1832 -- PART V GENERAL ESSAYS ON BLAKE -- 35. B.H.Malkin, A Father's Memoirs of his Child: 1806 -- 36. H.C.Robinson, 'William Blake, artist, poet and religious mystic': 1811 -- 37. Obituary in Literary Gazette: 1827 -- 38. Obituary in Literary Chronicle: 1827 -- 39. Allan Cunningham Lives of. British Painters: 1830 -- 40. Anon., 'The inventions of William Blake, painter and poet': 1830 -- 41. Anon., 'The last of the supernaturalists': 1830 -- 42. Frederick Tatham, 'Life of Blake': ?1832 -- PART VI FORGOTTEN YEARS REFERENCES TO WILLIAM BLAKE: 1831-62 -- Bibliography -- Annotated index of namesThe Critical Heritage gathers together a large body of critical sources on major figures in literature. Each volume presents contemporary responses to a writer's work, enabling students and researchers to read for themselves, for example, comments on early performances of Shakespeare's plays, or reactions to the first publication of Jane Austen's novels. The carefully selected sources range from landmark essays in the history of criticism to journalism and contemporary opinion, and little published documentary material such as letters and diaries. Significant pieces of criticism from later periods are also included, in order to demonstrate the fluctuations in an author's reputation. Each volume contains an introduction to the writer's published works, a selected bibliography, and an index of works, authors and subjects. The Collected Critical Heritage set will be available as a set of 68 volumes and the series will also be available in mini sets selected by period (in slipcase boxes) and as individual volumes.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Job’s Gethsemane: tradition and imagination in William Blake’s illustrations for the book of job
No full textBlake created two versions of his Illustrations of the Book of Job, and it is now agreed that about twenty years separates his first watercolour series and the final engraved set of plates. The first chapter is biographical and technical: it establishes that the Butts series of water-colours was the product of the tumultuous and creative years 1805-10, following a time wh6n Blake experienced a strong sense of vision and Christian regeneration; whereas the engraved set was produced 1821-1826, at the end of his life. It also reviews all Blake's treatments of the Job theme. The friends-turned-accusers seem to have been a central pre-occupation. Blake's illustrations contain important elements which are not found in the Old Testament text. I have followed Bo Lindberg's principle that explanation should be sought in the artistic tradition, and in the work itself The second chapter concentrates on the tradition available to Blake, following and supplementing Lindberg's examination of the influence of the apocryphal Testament of Job, and of the artistic tradition of seeing Job as alter Christus and as Christian. Chapters three to five, interpreting Blake's imaginative use of this material, are new both in focussing on the Butts set, and in exploring the importance to Blake of St.Teresa, Fenelon, Mme. Guyon, Hervey and other people of prayer. Also discussed are Joseph Hallett's radical biblical commentary, of which Blake owned a copy, variant proofs discovered by Robert Essick of the first and last engraved plates, and the thirteenth century Job wall- paintings discovered in 1800 in St. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster. Blake's Job was unique in the corpus of his work. Previous studies have followed Wicksteed in concentrating on the engraved set, and no one has explored the implications of the earlier dating now agreed for the watercolour series. The thesis is essentially concerned with Blake's Christocentric theme, and Job's inner journey of prayer, in these illustrations. Conclusions drawn differ substantially from Wicksteed's
Oligobregma Kudenov & Blake 1978
No full textGenus Oligobregma Kudenov & Blake, 1978 Type-species: Pseudoscalibregma aciculatum Hartman, 1965, designated by Kudenov & Blake 1978. Diagnosis. Body elongate and arenicoliform. Prostomium T-shaped with two prominent frontal horns; eyes present or absent; nuchal organs present. Peristomium achaetous, surrounding prostomium dorsally and forming upper and lower lips of mouth ventrally. Branchiae absent. Parapodia with well-developed dorsal and ventral cirri on posterior segments; interramal papilla present or absent. Large acicular spines present on anterior setigers. Capillaries present in all parapodia; lyrate setae present anterior to capillaries of setigers 2, 3, or 4; some species with short, slender, blunt or pointed spinous setae anterior to capillaries of setigers 1, 2 or 3, representing homologues of lyrate setae. Pygidium with anal cirri. Remarks. Oligobregma is one of four genera with dorsal and ventral cirri: Scalibregma (with branchiae and without large anterior acicular spines); Sclerobregma (with branchiae and with large anterior acicular spines); Pseudoscalibregma (without branchiae or large anterior acicular spines); and Oligobregma (without branchiae and with large anterior acicular spines). The boundaries between these genera are not great and since the presence and absence of branchiae and large anterior acicular spines are characters occurring in other genera, it is obvious that the generic arrangement of scalibregmatids should be revised. In addition, the observations in this paper of branchiae developing late in juvenile Scalibregma australis n. sp. ontogeny means that they pass through a Pseudoscalibregma -like phase where the genus (and species) cannot be confirmed. A similar situation has been identified with Sclerobregma branchiatum in the western North Atlantic, where juveniles lacking branchiae were initially thought to represent a new species of Oligobregma (Blake & Luzak unpublished). However, for the time being the definition of these genera and others provide a practical way to use a suite of characters to classify and identify them with the caveat that small specimens thought to be one genus might be a juvenile of another. At present, ten species have been described as Oligobregma, all except one from the southern ocean and hemisphere: Oligobregma aciculata (Hartman, 1965). Western North Atlantic Oligobregma blakei Schüller & Hilbig, 2007. Antarctica, Scotia Sea, 2889‒2892 m. Juvenile, possibly belongs to a different genus. Oligobregma collare (Levenstein, 1975). Subantarctic and Antarctic seas, 1622‒6070 m. Oligobregma hartmanae Blake, 1981. Antarctica, Weddell Sea, 505 m. Here referred to the genus Pseudoscalibregma. Oligobregma lonchochaeta Detinova, 1985, North Atlantic, Reykjanes Ridge. Oligobregma notiale Blake, 1981. Antarctica, widespread, shallow water to over 900 m. Oligobregma oculata Kudenov & Blake, 1978. Off New Caledonia, 57 m. Oligobregma pseudocollare Schüller & Hilbig, 2007. Antarctica, Scotia and Weddell Seas, 753‒3050 m. Oligobregma quadrispinosa Schüller & Hilbig, 2007. Antarctica, Scotia and Weddell Seas, 2258‒4069 m. Oligobregma simplex Kudenov & Blake, 1978. SE Australia, Westernport Bay, 11 m. Of these species, all except O. hartmanae and O. blakei are validly placed in Oligobregma. O. hartmanae has only small spines in setigers 1‒2 anterior to and smaller than the accompanying capillaries. These represent the small spinous setae that are considered to be homologues of lyrate setae that occur from setiger 3 and are not the large heavy acicular spines of other species. The short spinous setae have now been observed in many species in which they were not originally described. O. hartmanae is therefore referred to the genus Pseudoscalibregma. Oligobregma blakei is described from a very small specimen only 3 mm in length and less than the size where branchiae developed in Scalibregma australis n. sp. (see above) and may not be validly placed in Oligobregma. A new species of Oligobregma has been discovered in the LIS-A area and is described herein.Published as part of Blake, James A., 2015, New species of Scalibregmatidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from the East Antarctic Peninsula including a description of the ecology and post-larval development of species of Scalibregma and Oligobregma, pp. 57-93 in Zootaxa 4033 (1) on pages 79-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4033.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/28981
Chaetozone adunca Blake 2022, new species
No full textChaetozone adunca new species Figures 15–16 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0936557E-257C-466D-8857-A24CF9309413 Chaetozone sp. 11: Blake et al. 1987: 61, 68, C-2; Maciolek et al. 1987b: D-2; Blake & Grassle 1994: 850, 855; Blake & Hilbig 1994: 883–884, 896; Hilbig 1994: 940. Chaetozone sp. B: Maciolek et al. 1987b: D-2 (in part). Chaetozone sp. 1: Maciolek et al. 1987b: D-2 (in part). Material examined. (407 specimens) Off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, US South Atlantic ACSAR Program, coll. J.A. Blake, Chief Scientist. Sta. 9: Cruise SA-3, Rep. 1, 22 Jul 1984, 35°28.30′N, 74°47.70′W, 579 m, holotype (USNM 1660944), 7 paratypes (USNM 1660945); Rep. 2, 22 Jul 1984, 3°28.40′N, 74°47.50′W, 614 m, 18 paratypes (USNM 1660946); Rep. 3, 22 Jul 1984, 35°28.30′N, 74°47.60′W, 598 m, 32 paratypes (USNM 1660947); Cruise SA-4, Rep. 1, 24 May 1985, 35°28.41′N, 74°47.44′W, 640 m, 23 paratypes (USNM 1660948); Rep. 2, 24 May 1985, 35°28.41′N, 74°47.56′W, 603 m, 9 paratypes (USNM 1660949); Rep. 3, 24 May 1985, 35°28.28′N, 74°47.52′W, 623 m, 25 paratypes (USNM 1660950); Cruise SA-5, Rep. 1, 25 Sep 1985, 35°28.41′N, 74°47.46′W, 629 m, 18 paratypes (USNM 1660951); Rep. 2, 25 Sep 1985, 35°28.41′N, 74°47.47′W, 629 m, 23 paratypes (USNM 1660952).— MMS Cape Hatteras Survey, August 1992, coll. J.A. Blake, Chief Scientist. Sta. SA-9: 35°28.36′N, 74°47.42′W, 620 m (57, USNM 1660953); Sta. CH-1: 35°42.47′N, 74°46.58′W, 804 m (15, USNM 1660954); Sta. CH-3, 35°37.08′N, 74°46.12′W, 812 m (7, USNM 1660955); Sta. CH-18: 35°30.01′N, 74°47.61′W, 530 m (1, USNM 1660956); Sta. CH-19: 35°29.79′N, 74°46.59′W, 812 m (13, USNM 1660957); Sta. CH-34: 35°25.10′N, 74°48.35′W, 775 m (8, USNM 1660958); Sta. CH-41: 35°22.19′N, 74°52.31′W, 590 m (6, USNM 1660959); Sta. CH-42: 35°21.28′N, 74°50.64′W, 785 m (1, USNM 1660960). — Off Cape Lookout, North Carolina, ACSAR, Sta. 2: Cruise SA-3, Rep. 1, 15 Jul 1984, 34°14.50′N, 75°43.90′W, 984 m (1, USNM 1660961); Rep 3, 15 Jul 1984, 34°15.00′N, 75°43.70′W, 1002 m (2, USNM 1660962).— Off Charleston, South Carolina, ACSAR Sta. 14: Cruise SA-4, Rep. 3, 20 May 1985, 32°23.67′N, 77°01.12′W, 803 m (1, USNM 1660963).— Off New England, U.S. North Atlantic ACSAR Program, coll. G.W. Hampson, Chief Scientist. Sta. 4: Cruise NA-2, Rep. 1, 28 Apr 1985, 40°21.23′N, 67°32.32′W, 563 m (3, USNM 1660964); Rep. 2, 28 Apr 1985, 40°21.23′N, 67°32.33′W, 572 m (6, USNM 1660965). Sta. 7: Cruise NA-1, Rep. 1, 10 Nov 1984, 40°27.54′N, 67°40.34′W, 560 m (19, USNM 1660966); Rep. 2, 10 Nov 1984, 40°27.49′N, 67°40.29′W, 560 m (21, USNM 1660967); Rep. 3, 10 Nov 1984, 40°27.52′N, 67°40.36′W, 560 m (1, USNM 1660968); Cruise NA-2, Rep. 1, 28 Apr 1985, 40°27.50′N, 67°40.27′W, 560 m (10, USNM 1660969); Rep. 2, 28 Apr 1985, 40°27.46′N, 67°40.22′W, 560 m (22, USNM 1660970); Rep. 3, 28 Apr 1985, 40°27.44′N, 67°40.19′W, 558 m (4, USNM 1660971); Cruise NA-3, Rep. 1, 06 Jul 1985, 40°27.47′N, 67°40.26′W, 556 m (22, USNM 1660972); Rep. 2, 06 Jul 1985, 40°27.50′N, 67°40.22′W, 555 m (12, USNM 1660973); Rep. 3, 06 Jul 1985, 40°27.48′N, 67°40.21′W, 560 m (18, USNM 1660974); Sta. 12: Cruise NA-2, Rep. 2, 04 May 1985, 39°54.26′N, 70°55.07′W, 555 m (1, USNM 1660975); Cruise NA-5, Rep. 2, 06 May 1986, 39°54.27′N, 70°55.17′W, 548 m (1, USNM 1660976); Cruise NA-6, Rep. 2, 30 Jul 1986, 39°54.26′N, 70°55.07′W, 559 m (1, USNM 1660977); Cruise NA-6, Rep. 3, 30 Jul 1986,, 39°54.24′N, 70°55.09′W, 563 m (1, USNM 1660978). Description. A moderately sized species, holotype with 75 setigers, 10.25 mm long, 0.5 mm wide across setiger 1, increasing over swollen anterior segments to 1.1 mm wide, and then decreasing posteriorly to 0.5 mm wide. Body variable in shape, larger specimens with a swollen thoracic region (Fig. 15A); most specimens with thorax only slightly enlarged (Fig. 16A–B). Individual segments short, narrow, about five times wider than long at first, with some middle thoracic segments 6–8 times wider than long in some specimens; posterior cinctured segments about twice as wide as long (Figs. 15B, 16F). Venter with shallow groove along most of body, absent in posterior cinctured segments. Dorsum with narrow groove in mid-body segments (Fig. 15A), reduced posteriorly. Posterior cinctured segments with deep intersegmental grooves (Figs. 15B, 16F) and a low elevated membrane from which capillaries and acicular spines emerge (Fig. 16B). Color in alcohol light tan; no apparent pigmentation. Pre-setiger region long, narrow, smooth, about as long as first ten setigers (Fig. 15A). Prostomium long, narrow, triangular, pointed anteriorly, merging seamlessly with peristomium (Fig. 15A); eyespots absent; nuchal organs narrow slits. Peristomium triangular, not divided into rings, with weakly developed shallow lateral grooves visible on some specimens; dorsum narrow, producing weakly developed dorsal crest (Fig. 15A). Peristomium merging seamlessly with setiger 1; dorsal tentacles arising from posterior margin with first pair of branchiae lateral to tentacles (Fig. 15A); second pair of branchiae dorsal to notosetae on setiger 1 and posterior to position of first branchiae; subsequent branchiae from setiger 2 in same location dorsal to notosetae; present along most of body, but most missing and reduced to stubs or scars. Parapodia of anterior and middle segments reduced to low ridges or mounds from which setae arise; posterior parapodia swollen, with low raised membrane from which setae arise forming prominent segmental cinctures on last 20–25 setigers. Setiger 1 and thoracic segments with 9–12 capillaries in notopodia and neuropodia; capillaries mostly of moderate size; a few long, natatory-like capillaries present or absent, but not associated with sexual maturity. Acicular spines first present in holotype from setiger 58 in notopodia and setiger 55 in neuropodia; spines 1–2 at first, increasing posteriorly, transitioning into full cinctures with 14 spines in notopodia and 13 neuropodia, up to 27 spines on a side (Fig. 16C); spines alternating with capillaries as long as or slightly longer than spines; cinctures with only narrow dorsal, lateral, and ventral gaps between noto- and neuropodial fascicles providing a prominent armature (Fig. 16C–D). Notopodial spines clearly longer than neuropodial spines (Fig. 16C). Individual spines with basal manubrium at emergence from podial lobes; spines curving and tapering gradually to narrow blunted tip at first (Figs. 15C, E–G, 16D–E); more posterior spines with narrow hooked tip (Fig. 15H–J); last 3–5 cinctures bearing spines where tip of hook curves back and merges with shaft (Figs. 15D, K). Body narrowing sharply in last few cinctured segments, terminating in simple pygidium with a small, semicircular disk ventral to anal opening (Figs. 15B, 16F). Methyl green staining. A distinct MG pattern present (Fig. 16G), with the entire pre-setiger region staining intensely, with only the tip of prostomium and a diagonal transverse band between the prostomium and peristomium not staining; about 9–10 anterior segments also retaining stain laterally and ventrally; rest of body only staining weakly, with no pattern; de-stains rapidly; pre-setiger and anterior segmental stain retained well after return to alcohol. Remarks. Chaetozone adunca n. sp. belongs to the C. curvata group and represents the eighth species to be reported with acicular spines having a narrow tip that curves back and merges with the shaft. Chaetozone adunca n. sp. differs from others in this group by having a smooth pre-setiger region that is not divided into separate rings and with most segments having the acicular spines narrowing to a blunt or curved tip, with the spines having recurved tips limited to the posteriormost cinctured segments. This transition from blunt-tipped spines to the recurved type has not been previously reported in the genus. Two other species in group are also reported in the present paper: C. anasima and C. brychiata n. sp. (see below). All known species in the C. curvata group are compared in Table 3. TABLE 3. (Continued) Abbreviations: ant, anterior; br, branchiae; neuro, neuropodium; noto, notopodium; per, peristomium; pr, prostomium; Set, setiger. Biology. Chaetozone adunca n. sp., as Chaetozone sp. 11, was reported as among the dominant species off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, during the ACSAR surveys (Blake et al. 1987, Blake & Grassle 1994) and the separate Cape Hatteras Survey (Blake & Hilbig 1994). Station 9 is an ACSAR upper continental slope station located at a depth of about 600 m in an area that exhibits high sedimentation rates and is influenced by the Western Boundary undercurrent (WBUC) and Gulf Stream (Blake & Grassle 1994). Perhaps because of the high sedimentation rates, infaunal densities at Station 9 at an average of 46,255 individuals per m 2 were the highest found at any location along the entire U.S. Atlantic continental slope (Blake et al. 1987; Blake & Grassle 1994). Similarly high densities were reported by Blake & Hilbig (1994) at stations (SA-9 and CH-1, CH-3, CH-18, CH-19, CH-34, CH-41 and CH-42) in the 500–800 m range as part of the separate Cape Hatteras survey. At total of 145 species of benthic invertebrates were identified as Station SA-9 from nine samples collected on three surveys as part of the ACSAR program (Blake & Grassle 1994). Chaetozone adunca n. sp. (as C. sp. 11) ranked 11 th out of 20 dominant species at Station 9. The five most abundant annelids identified at this site in order of abundance were Cossura longocirrata Webster & Benedict, 1887, Scalibregma inflatum, Rathke, 1843, Limnodriloides medioporus Cook, 1969, Tubificoides intermedius (Cook, 1969) and Aricidea quadrilobata Webster & Benedict, 1887. Chaetozone adunca n. sp. also occurred at several upper slope stations in the North Atlantic ACSAR program, but was never among the dominant species (Maciolek et al. 1987b). Etymology. The epithet is from the Latin, aduncus, for bent inward, in reference to the inwardly curved tip of some of the acicular spines of this species. Distribution. U.S. Atlantic continental slope, 530–1003 m.Published as part of Blake, James A., 2022, New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean, pp. 1-89 in Zootaxa 5113 (1) on pages 31-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5113.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/634099
Kirkegaardia franciscana Blake, 2016, new species
No full textKirkegaardia franciscana new species Figures 21–22 Monticellina sp. 2: Hilbig & Blake 2006: 262; Blake et al. 2009: 1796. Material examined. California continental slope west of the Farallon Islands, San Francisco Deep Ocean Disposal Site (SF-DODS) 2003 monitoring survey, R/ V Point Sur, Sta. 19, 37º37.97′N, 123º30.04′W, 2983 m, 24 September 2003, coll. J.A. Blake, holotype and 3 paratypes (LACM-AHF Poly 8921–2); 2004 monitoring survey, R/V Point Sur, Sta. 52, 37º44.00′N, 123º28.00′W, 2237 m, 0 3 October 2004, coll. J.A. Blake, 3 paratypes (LACM- AHF Poly 8923). Description. A small, elongate, threadlike species (Figs. 21 A–B, 22A); holotype complete, 1.5 mm long, 0.11 mm wide for 26 setigerous segments; most paratypes complete, similar in size and number of segments. Color in alcohol opaque white; no pigment present. Pre-setigerous region about 1.5x as long as wide; prostomium a conical lobe, narrowing to rounded tip (Figs. 21 A, 22A–D); eyes absent; nuchal organs observed in two paratypes as darkly pigmented areas at posterolateral margins (Fig. 22 C). Peristomium expanded, relatively smooth, with one partial lateral groove, but no distinct annulations (Fig. 21 A); dorsally with two narrow longitudinal grooves outlining a smooth, curved, broad dorsal surface with a weak narrow crest (Fig. 21 A). Dorsal tentacles inserted at posterolateral margins of peristomium, more widely separated than in related species. First pair of branchiae lateral to tentacles on peristomium; second pair of branchiae on posterior margin of setiger 1, dorsal to notosetae; subsequent branchiae in similar positions (Fig. 21 A). Thorax with 4–6 narrow segments about 2x as wide as long; parapodia not elevated over dorsum as in many related species; dorsal surface not enclosed in a groove formed by parapodia; thoracic segments abruptly transitioning to abdominal segments that are as long as wide (Figs. 21 A, 22A–D), then becoming longer than wide (Fig. 21 B), some moniliform 1.5x as long as wide (Figs. 21 B, 22A–D); far posterior segments narrowing to pygidium with a single lobe (Figs. 21 B, 22A). Parapodia reduced to simple conical lobes from which setae emerge. Thoracic and anterior abdominal parapodia with simple capillary setae only; middle and posterior abdominal neurosetae becoming shorter, broader, and with fine denticles along one edge at about setiger 30 (Fig. 21 C), these best observed with 1000x magnification and with Phase Contrast optics; individual denticles short, pointed toward apex of seta. Some abdominal notosetae observed with long stiff fibrils or serrations along one edge (Fig. 21 D), these very regular in appearance. Methyl Green stain. A spectacular MG staining pattern characterizes this species. The prostomium and lateral and dorsal sides of the peristomium develop a deep reticulated turquoise pattern followed by similar staining on the ventral and lateral sides of the thoracic parapodia (Fig. 22 D); the two longitudinal grooves on either side of the peristomium stain a deep green; the thoracic parapodia are in effect banded (Fig. 22 D). The reticulated pattern is due to embedded glands that are also stained by MG on most abdominal segments although being sparse; the pattern is not as intense as on anterior segments. Etymology. The name franciscana refers to the proximity to the City of San Francisco of the sampling site, the San Francisco Deep Ocean Disposal Site. Remarks. Kirkegaardia franciscana n. sp. is a unique species in the very small size, expanded and rounded shape of the anterior end, narrow abdominal region with moniliform segments, and the distinctive MG staining pattern. The denticulated neurosetae are few, usually no more than two or three per abdominal neuropodium and with the fine denticles observed only with at least 1000x magnification. The serrated notosetae are also few and observed only with 1000x. The long pointed serrations of these setae were initially thought to be merely splayed fibrils sometimes observed on capillaries of other cirratulids. However, the regularity and consistent size of these serrations finally suggested they were a consistent type of tooth or denticle. It needs to be stated, however, that none of these specimens were sexually mature and it is entirely possible that they are juveniles. In a program during which more than 180 quantitative benthic samples were collected over a period of 13 years, K. franciscana n. sp. was rare, identified only three times, and either larger adults were never collected or were not recognized. The MG pattern was used to set them aside for further study resulting in this description as a new species. In checking other cirratulids from the study that are larger and might overlap with the morphology of smaller specimens of K. franciscana n. sp., two species of Aphelochaeta were described by Doner & Blake (2009); only one of which had a MG pattern and it was entirely different from that of K. franciscana. Other species of Aphelochaeta are also known from this area (Blake unpublished); none of these has a MG pattern as distinctive as that of K. franciscana. Kirkegaardia carinata n. sp. occurs throughout the study area and also has a distinctive, but different MG staining pattern and a very different morphology (see below). Biology. Kirkegaardia franciscana was collected only rarely over 13 years of monitoring at the San Francisco Deep-water Disposal site. The sediments where the species was collected are composed of fine silt. Throughout the study area the benthic fauna is dominated by a large suite of polychaetes of the families Paraonidae, Spionidae, Cossuridae, and cirratulids of the genus Chaetozone, most of which were described by Blake (2006). Ecology of the site was reported by Blake et al. (2009). Distribution. Known only from lower slope depths off northern California 2237–2983 m. Figures 21 and 22 about herePublished as part of Blake, James A., 2016, Kirkegaardia (Polychaeta, Cirratulidae), new name for Monticellina Laubier, preoccupied in the Rhabdocoela, together with new records and descriptions of eight previously known and sixteen new species from the Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Oceans, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 4166 (1) on pages 44-47, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4166.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/27234
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