1,720,967 research outputs found
A Data-Driven Exploration: Providing Early Feedback on Socioeconomic Mitigation Strategies for Climate Change
Get PDFThe current rate of climate change is unprecedented in millennia and represents one of humanity’s most significant
issues for the 21st century, with serious consequences for both civilization and the environment if no action is taken.
To reduce the future impact of changes, coordinated international efforts such as those outlined in the Paris Agree-
ment are required. However, mitigation and adaptation efforts should not only be extensive, but also be precise in
order to align international socioeconomic development with temperature targets as well as other societal and envi-
ronmental sustainability goals. In order to inform about the future climate, extensive efforts through institutions such
as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have resulted in extensive scenario-based research with
Earth system models (ESMs). This work forms the knowledge basis for information provided to the worlds decision
makers.
Currently, established methods for near-term feedback on mitigation efforts are mainly based on the global surface
air temperature (GSAT) variable alone. By these methods, a clear separation of socioeconomic pathways does not
emerge before 20 to 30 years after emission separation due to the internal variability of the climate system. Here, we
use a machine learning approach to create a separation of the climatic response from the socioeconomic development
pathways based on ESM output data. This policy feedback strategy has not been described previously. Using 40
realizations of ACCESS-ESM1.5 under SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5, where emission starts to differ in 2015, we estimate
that a classification accuracy above 80 % is attainable by the appropriate feature-set/model combinations as early as
2026 based on the mean accuracy across 50 random states. However, the uncertainty of estimated accuracy is greatly
reduced towards 2030–2040, indicating that real-world applications are not yet attainable. Our findings suggest that
classification models trained on ESM-forecasts have the potential to become a powerful tool for providing early feedback
on how the climate system responds to mitigation efforts
Climate responses to a rapid phaseout of Black Carbon emissions, with a focus on the Asian summer monsoon
Get PDFThe absorption of shortwave radiation by aerosols is predominantly caused by black carbon (BC), which can significantly affect atmospheric stability, circulation, and the hydrological cycle. Driven by concerns over air quality, public health, and global warming, a reduction in BC emissions is anticipated in the coming decades. This shift is of particular significance in South and East Asia, regions identified as aerosol hotspots, where large populations and the reliance on the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) make them especially susceptible to changes in aerosol dynamics.
This thesis comprehensively analyzes the climatic responses to a global phaseout in BC emissions under the SSP3-7.0 scenario. Utilizing simulations from three distinct climate models within the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experiment— UKESM1.0-LL, MIROC6, and MPI-ESM1.2-HAM—this study spans the period from 2015 to 2054 (and to 2094 for UKESM1.0-LL) to project global, regional, and seasonal anomalies. The focus is on examining the responses in Aerosol Absorption Optical Depth (AAOD), near- surface temperature, vertical mass flux, vertical air temperature, precipitation, and their interdependencies across each model.
The results reveal significant inter-model differences. MIROC and MPI-ESM exhibit weaker responses to BC emission reductions, aligning closely with the ASM’s typical behavior. In contrast, UKESM projects a robust decrease in precipitation over India, counter to expectations, attributed to reduced convective activity. This variance in responses emphasizes the challenges in climate modeling, mainly due to the poorly constrained nature of aerosol absorption and the complex mechanisms driving the Asian climate system. The thesis provides insights into the potential impact of climate policies aimed at mitigating BC emissions
How cleaner air changes the climate
No full textAir quality improvements affect regional climate in complex ways</jats:p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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