415 research outputs found
Peripheral vagal nerve stimulation modulates the nociceptive withdrawal reflex in healthy subjects: A randomized, cross-over, sham-controlled study
No full textIntroduction The mechanism of action of non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation in the treatment of migraine is elusive. We studied its effect in a human model of pain, the nociceptive withdrawal reflex. Methods We enrolled 10 healthy subjects who underwent active non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation and sham treatment in a randomized, cross-over, sham-controlled study. Non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation was delivered with gammaCore®. The assessment of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex was performed at baseline (T0) and at 5 (T5) and 30 (T30) minutes after stimulation. Results Non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation significantly increased the reflex threshold to single stimulus at both T5 and T30 and the temporal summation threshold at T30. Sham treatment did not modify any parameters. Discussion These findings are consistent with a modulation of central descending pathways for pain control. An altered spinal and supraspinal control of pain has been described in primary headache, so this effect may partially explain the therapeutic effect of non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation. </jats:sec
Vito Volterra
No full textVito Volterra (1860-1940) was one of the most famous representatives of Italian science in his day. Angelo Guerragio and Giovanni Paolini analyze Volterra’s most important contributions to mathematics and their applications, as well as his outstanding organizational achievements in scientific policy. Volterra was one of the founding fathers of functional analysis and the author of fundamental contributions in the field of integral equations, elasticity theory and population dynamics (Lotka-Volterra model). He delivered keynote lectures on the occasion of the International Congresses of Mathematicians held in Paris (1900), Rome (1908), Strasbourg (1920) and Bologna (1928). He became involved in the scientific development in united Italy and was appointed senator of the kingdom in 1905. One of his numerous non-mathematical activities was founding the National Research Council (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR). During the First World War he was active in military research. After the war he took a clear stand against fascism, which was the starting point for his exclusion. In 1926 he resigned as president of the world famous Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei and was later on excluded from the academy. In 1931 he was one of the few university lecturers who denied to swear an oath of allegiance to the fascistic regime. In 1938 he suffered from the impact of the racial laws. The authors draw a comprehensive picture of Vito Volterra, both as a great mathematician and an organizer of science
Negative Short-Term Outcome of Detoxification Therapy in Chronic Migraine With Medication Overuse Headache: Role for Early Life Traumatic Experiences and Recent Stressful Events
No full textBackground: Early traumatic experiences and Stressful episodes appear to be associated to the development and perpetuation of chronic pain disorders and to dependence-related behaviors. Objective: The present study evaluated whether these factors can be predictors, together with psychiatric conditions, of the outcome of a detoxification treatment in patients suffering from chronic migraine and medication-overuse headache in a 2-month follow-up. Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing a detoxification program as therapy for treating chronic migraine and medication overuse headache at the Pavia Headache Center were analyzed. During this program, lasting about 1 week, all patients received the standard CARE in-patient withdrawal protocol, which consisted in discontinuing abruptly the overused drug(s) and receiving daily detoxification therapy. Data on childhood traumatic events and recent stressful ones were analyzed by means of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and Stressful life-events Questionnaire. Psychiatric conditions were evaluated using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders. Results: A total of 166 (80% females; mean age 44.7) patients completed the follow-up at 2 months after the detoxification program: of these 118 (71%) (78% females; mean age 44.7) stopped overuse and reverted to an episodic pattern of headache (Group A); 19 (11%) (89% females; mean age 41.3) kept overusing and maintained a chronic pattern of headache (Group B); and 29 (18%) (79% females; mean age 46.9) stopped overuse without any benefit on headache frequency (Group C). At the multivariate analyses, a higher number of early life emotional distress (Odds Ratio 11.096; p = 0.037) arose as a prognostic factor for the outcome in Group B, while major depression during life-time (Odds Ratio 3.703; p = 0.006) and higher number of severe stressful episodes in the past 10 years (Odds Ratio 1.679; p = 0.045) were prognostic factors for the outcome of Group C. Conclusions: Data suggest that early life traumas and stressful events have a negative impact on the outcome of the detoxification program in subjects overusing acute medication for headache. The history of emotional childhood traumas is associated to the failure to cease overuse, whereas recent very serious life events are associated to the persistence of headache chronicity
The part-time work and job on call in JustEatTakeaway supplementary company agreement for Takeaway.com Express Italy (Just Eat group) riders
No full textThe comment deals with the part-time work regulation, contained, in particular, in Part II of the JustEatTakeaway supplementary company
agreement. The use of this instrument is expected to be massive, considering that it is, in the parties' plans, the common form of work in the company.
The author analyses the provisions contained in the collective agreement, especially in the light of the discipline contained in the CCNL Logistica, Trasporto, Merci e Spedizione and in the Protocol signed on 18 July 2018 for the same sector. The author also discusses the rules on overtime and supplementary work and the rules on intermittent work, which are also subject to specific contractual regulations
The working time regulation in JustEatTakeaway supplementary company agreement for Takeaway.com Express Italy (Just Eat group) riders
No full textConsidering that the regulation of the time and the possible economic relevance of the phases of waiting for delivery is a field of discussion still access regarding the work of riders, the Author analyzes, in detail, how the JustEatTakeway supplementary company agreement regulates
the working hours of riders. The Author illustrates the discipline contained in the CCNL Logistica,Trasporto, Merci e Spedizione and in the Protocol signed on July 18, 2018 for the same sector, to which the same company agreement in comment refers
Fonti per la conoscenza del lessico quotidiano nella Puglia tardo-medievale. Un inventario di dote dai «Protocolli» del notaio Antonino de Juliano di Bitetto (1489)
No full textPresso l’Archivio di Stato di Bari, nel fondo notarile, si conservano numerosi «Protocolli» contenenti documenti in volgare barese, vergati da alcuni notai in un arco cronologico che va dal 1462 al 1521. Lo studio complessivo di questi testi consente di esplorare a fondo la variegata situazione linguistica nella Puglia medievale, ancora poco nota nonostante alcuni studi recenti.1 Nel fondo non ci sono testi redatti interamente in volgare; ma ci sono numerosi inserti volgari, alcuni di ampiezza ragguardevole, all’interno dei testi latini. E anche nel tessuto di documenti redatti interamente in latino, il volgare emerge con grande frequenza e consistenza, soprattutto a livello
lessicale. Il fenomeno ha una spiegazione duplice: da un lato può essere considerato
segno di una forte spinta all’adozione dell’idioma romanzo per esprimere concetti e situazioni specifi ci della realtà quotidiana; dall’altro è indizio della inadeguata padronanza da parte degli scriventi, o addirittura della insuffi cienza della lingua latina, proprio per rappresentare quella realtà (Pfi ster 2002, 1-3; Sabatini 1996, 231-237).
Nel presente contributo si intende mostrare, attraverso l’analisi di un documento inedito che possiamo considerare esemplare, l’infl uenza del volgare nel lessico del latino notarile, relativamente agli àmbiti della quotidianità2. Il contributo si sviluppa in tre fasi: in § 2. edizione del testo; in § 3. analisi dei volgarismi in esso contenuti; in § 4. riflessioni sui dati.
all’interno dei testi latini. E anche nel tessuto di documenti redatti interamente
in latino, il volgare emerge con grande frequenza e consistenza, soprattutto a livello
lessicale. Il fenomeno ha una spiegazione duplice: da un lato può essere considerato
segno di una forte spinta all’adozione dell’idioma romanzo per esprimere concetti e
situazioni specifi ci della realtà quotidiana; dall’altro è indizio della inadeguata padronanza
da parte degli scriventi, o addirittura della insuffi cienza della lingua latina,
proprio per rappresentare quella realtà (Pfi ster 2002, 1-3; Sabatini 1996, 231-237).
Nel presente contributo si intende mostrare, attraverso l’analisi di un documento inedito che possiamo considerare esemplare, l’infl uenza del volgare nel lessico del latino notarile, relativamente agli àmbiti della quotidianità2. Il contributo si sviluppa in tre
fasi: in § 2. edizione del testo; in § 3. analisi dei volgarismi in esso contenuti; in § 4.
rifl essioni sui dati
Facilmente digeribile...ma non per la Corte di giustizia! Ovvero: della nozione di «informazioni sulla salute» nell'etichettatura delle bevande alcoliche secondo la normativa UE
No full textIn this article the Author comments on the recent sentence of the Court of Justice EU of 6 September 2012, Deutsches Weintor. After a general introduction of the issue and a summary of the grounds of the decision, the Author highlights problems with the interpretation of the Regulation (Ec) No 1924/06 given by the Court of Justice and finds it both too restrictive and in non-compliance with the principle of proportionality. The negative consequences of the sentence in the specific sector of the functional foodstuffs market are analysed, and the juridical evaluation also covers the Commission Regulation (Eu) No 432/2012 of 16 May 2012 establishing a list of permitted health claims made in foods, as well as the role of EFSA in the definition of the criterion to interpret the Regulation on nutritional and health claims. The article concludes with a request for a future revision of the jurisprudence and the general regulation of this matter in order to achieve a better equilibrium between the protection of health, consumer rights and the economic interests of businesses
Il diritto sindacale al tempo della crisi. Intervento eteronomo e profili di legittimità costituzionale
No full textThe essay explores some recent law reforms in the field of individual and collective labour relations and focuses on the lowering of the level of protectiveness towards workers they seem to foster as well as on their effect on the system of sources of regulation (i.e. the shift from legislative regulation to contractual norms; from nation-wide collective agreements to plant-level agreements). In this perspective, the author focuses on the consistence of these trends with constitutional principles and rules concerning trade union freedom and collective bargaining. To this end, the author offers an analysis of relevant doctrine and case law and suggests re-reading some basic decisions issued by the Constitutional Court over the time, arguing they still deserve due attention. Throughout his analysis, the author warns about the risk of considering obsolete fundamental principles and rights that are rather still of crucial importance in the current constitutional legal framework
L'evoluzione della nozione di consumatore nel processo di integrazione europea
No full textThis article examines the evolution of the notion of "consumer" in the European Union law through an analysis of the EUCJ case law and secondary EU legislation, highlighting the most recent developments and the possible impact on the EU single market. The Author underlines, in particular, how the tendency to accentuate the abstraction of the notion of "consumer" can cause distortions which do not really help in the protection of consumer rights and create juridical uncertainty for business operators. Therefore it would be desirable to find a recylatoru and judicial approach that corresponds better to rhe reality of consumer dynamics in the framework of an increased sensitivity to individuals and their vulnerabilities
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