28 research outputs found
Fine tuning of size and morphology of magnetite nanoparticles synthesized by microemulsion
No full textFABRICATION AND RELEASE KINETICS OF PIPERAZINE CITRATE TABLETS USING NATURAL GUM
No full textObjective: The objective of the present study was to formulate the piperazine citrate tablets using natural aloe vera gum as a binding agent and evaluate the tablets.
Methods: The extracted aloe vera gum was used for the preparation of piperazine citrate tablets, and the binding characteristics are compared with an equivalent amount of acacia and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) in different formulations of piperazine citrate tablets. Three batches of piperazine citrate tablets were prepared using acacia (F1), NaCMC (F2), and aloe vera gum (F3) as binding agents. The assessment parameters that are used to evaluate the binding property were the hardness, friability, disintegration time, in vitro dissolution rate, and amount release study. The drug release kinetics of different formulations was determined.
Results: The granules were evaluated by determining the angle of repose (25.39±0.13 to 26.23°±0.11°), bulk density (0.567±0.004 to 0.596±0.006 g/cm3), tapped density (0.672±0.006 to 0.717±0.007 g/cm3), Hausner ratio (1.185±0.03 to 1.211±0.016), and Carr’s index (15.62±0.021 to 17.48%±0.009%), which shows a satisfactory flow ability. The tablets were subjected to hardness (3±0.63 to 4±0.82 kg/cm2), friability (0.57±0.01 to 0.75%±0.001% w/w), disintegration time (14.78±0.23 to 20.02±0.11 min), and in vitro release studies. The drug release kinetics of different formulations was determined.
Conclusion: As per the results, aloe vera gum has good binding properties and can be preferred over other binders and might be found to be a suitable binder in fast dissolving tablets formulation
A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMISED STUDY TO COMPARE IINTERINDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN EFFECT OF RADIOTHERAPY ON URINARY BLADDER AND RECTAL TOXICITY IN PRONE AND SUPINE POSITION IN LOCALLY ADVANCED CANCER OF CERVIX
No full textIntroduction: Cancer of the cervix has been the most important cancer among women in the past two decades. In India the peak age for cervical cancer incidence is 55–59 years. In India in every 8 minutes one woman dies of cervical cancer.Radical radiotherapy along with concurrent chemotherapy is the standard of care of advanced carcinoma cervix. Combination of teletherapy and brachytherapy is a conventional practice. Teletherapy includes whole -pelvic radiotherapy which consists of external beam irradiation to the primary tumor and regional lymphatics followed by brachytherapy to boost the gross tumour in the cervix. However, success achieved with this treatment carries a risk of inadvertent normal tissue irradiation of the small bowel, bladder and rectum.
Aims: To study the anticipated reduction in dose in small bowel, urinary bladder irradiated in prone position during pelvic radiotherapy and whether it results in decreased toxicity.
Materials and methods: Prospective randomizedly allocated control study from January 2017 to January 2018 Patients visiting at Radiotherapy department Out door of Nilratan Sirkar Medical College and Hospital,Kolkata-700014.
Result: We found that for the urinary bladder (UB), V20, V30, and V40 showed no significant variance between the two positions (p > 0.05). However, UB V45 demonstrated a notable difference (p = 0.9), while UB V50.4 indicated a statistically significant variance (p = 0.021), indicating higher radiation exposure in the supine position. UB Dmean and total volume did not exhibit substantial differences (p > 0.05) and Regarding the rectum, V20, V30, V40, and V45 showed no significant variation between positions (p > 0.05). However, rectum V50.4 indicated a significant difference (p = 0.004), implying higher radiation exposure in the prone position. Rectum Dmean and total volume did not display substantial differences (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: In conclusion, our study revealed varied radiation exposure in prone versus supine positions. The urinary bladder indicated higher exposure in supine (V50.4 p = 0.021), while the rectum exhibited increased exposure in prone (V50.4 p = 0.004). Overall, patient positioning significantly influences organ-specific radiation dose
STUDIES ON HOST RESISTANCE OF MUNGBEAN AGAINST MUNGBEAN YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS IN THE AGRO-ECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF LATERITIC ZONE OF WEST BENGAL
No full textAn experiments was conducted on various aspect of mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) under the agroecological condition of lateritic zone of West Bengal during the pre-kharif season of 2009 on mungbean (Vigna radiate). Survey on the natural incidence of the yellow mosaic disease (YMD) in different locations indicated an incidence range of 5.33% to 14.00% according to the location and variety. Out of 18 mungbean germplasm tested, one was found Resistant (R), 9 Moderately Resistant (MR), 7 Moderately Susceptible (MS) and only one accessions was found Susceptible (S). Minimum incidence 4.80% was recorded from variety ML-818 and found resistant (R) against MYMV. Whereas, variety Pusa-Baishakhi was found most susceptible (S) in this region and showed maximum incidence of 21.03%. Mungbean genotype ML-818, IPM-99-125, PANT-M-4, PDM-139, UMP-9903, Pusa-2072, SML-668, Asha, PS-16, and MH-96-1 can be considered as prominent lines against mosaic disease. The percentage reduction in yield was varied among the germplasm of mungbean. Minimum reduction in yield (4.11%) was noticed in genotype ML-818 followed by IPM-99-125 (4.27%), PANL-M-4 (5.03%), PDM-139 (5.06%), UMP-9903 (5.56%) and Asha (6.25%)
Chrono-Colonic Delivery in Engineering Time-Responsive Systems for Site-Specific Therapy
No full textBackground: Chrono-colonic drug delivery represents a novel pharmaceutical engineering strategy that combines the principles of circadian rhythm-based chronotherapy with colon-targeted the drug delivery. This approach seeks to optimize therapeutic efficacy by synchronizing drug release with the body’s biological clock while ensuring precise site-specific delivery.
Objective: The primary aim of chrono-colonic delivery is to achieve controlled drug release after a predetermined lag time, ensuring that the therapeutic effect coincides with peak disease activity and that the drug reaches the colon for localized or systemic action.
Methods: This strategy integrates time-dependent and site-specific technologies, employing pH-sensitive polymers, biodegradable coatings, osmotic systems, and microbially triggered release platforms. These delivery systems are designed to withstand the upper gastrointestinal tract environment and to release the active agent in the colon, where favorable physiological conditions such as near-neutral pH, slower motility, and microbial activity can be exploited.
Results: Chrono-colonic delivery systems offer significant therapeutic benefits, including improved precision of drug action, reduced systemic side effects, and enhanced patient compliance. They are particularly beneficial in managing diseases with circadian variability, such as asthma, hypertension, arthritis, ulcerative colitis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Conclusion: By integrating chrono-therapeutic principles with colon-targeted technologies, chrono-colonic drug delivery holds promise as a next-generation approach for achieving site- and time-specific therapy. It represents a forward-looking strategy for addressing both local and systemic diseases with enhanced safety and efficacy.
Keywords: Chrono-Colonic Delivery, Circadian Rhythm, Colon-Targeted Drug Delivery, Time-Responsive Systems, Site-Specific Therapy, Chronotherap
The philosophy of Edgar Allan Poe in Eureka.
No full textFor over a century Edgar Allan Poe's cosmological prose poem, Eureka, has lain in obscurity. The work has been generally disregarded as having any relative importance to an evaluation of the life and works of Edgar Allan Poe; and where it has been treated, the picture which has been painted of Eureka is often unfavorable to the author's mental capacities.
Eureka is a splendid example of the ambivalence of the nineteenth century in regard to science and religion. The bulk of Poe's arguments in Eureka is materialistic; but because his scientific motives conflict with his inherent religious principles, Poe moves from a mechanistic world governed by mathematical laws to a spiritual plane of pure Transcendentalism in the rhapsodic conclusion of the treatise. One single philosophy cannot pinpoint the whole of Eureka; it must be regarded as a dioramic evolvement of several schools of thought, each having antithetical concepts to be reconciled with the other parts, and each concept expressed with equal sincerity in different sections as Poe works out his own unique philosophy.
Therefore, the purpose of this paper is threefold--to evaluate the validity of Eureka as a noteworthy cosmological and metaphysical treatise on the basis of the scientific, astronomical, and philosophic works available to the author in his day; to analyze the perplexing concepts of Eureka; and to synthesize all of the various schools of thought evidenced throughout the work into one composite philosophy. A conscientious effort has been made to utilize and cite all possible sources pertinent to an interpretation of Eureka, but because of the scarcity of material on the subject, the main premises for this paper are drawn from the work itself.
Chapter One treats the credibility of Poe in an effort to explain the apparent disrespect of the critics for the work in question. Chapter Two attempts to prove the cosmological ideas in Eureka evolved from scientific, astronomical, and philosophic sources drawn from Poe's prodigious reading. Chapter Three presents intuitionism as the mode in which Eureka was written and the pervading force behind it. Chapter Four discusses materialism, with its inescapable implications of determinism; evolutionism, as a process of how organic life arose from particles of matter; and teleology, which Poe finds necessary to explain the striving of all material things toward unity with God. Chapter Five analyzes the concepts of Pantheism and mysticism in Eureka, and Chapter Six demonstrates the elements of Transcendentalism in the work. The conclusion attempts to unravel the various conflicting skeins of thought in Eureka in an effort to synthesize the scattered parts of Poe's philosophy into a total world view.
This paper is an endeavor to define the philosophical ideas set forth in Eureka and where possible to cite authoritative sources to show that these ideas did not spring unfounded from a diseased mind, but rather from a mature intellect rationally attempting to formulate a cosmology based on data afforded to Poe as a journalist and avid reader. Numerous references have been specified as background material for Eureka. Critics unsympathetic to Poe or unfamiliar with Eureka cannot justifiably discount the work as the incomprehensible ravings of a liquor-ridden lunatic when perspicacious observation reveals that Poe upheld many of the same theories as did such esteemed thinkers as Humboldt, Newton, Laplace, Herschel, Eddington, and Einstein. As to the stilted, conventional view that Poe's prose poem cannot contain any serious philosophical thought of any consequence, one must remember that Plato, Lucretius, Dante, Goethe, Schiller, and Emerson were likewise poets
Sensor-based measurements of NDVI in small grain and corn fields by tractor, drone, and satellite platforms
No full textThis article was originally published in Crop and Environment. The version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crope.2023.11.001. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Huazhong Agricultural University.The use of sensors for variable rate nitrogen (VRN) applications is transitioning from equipment-based to drone and satellite technologies. However, regional algorithms, initially designed for proximal active sensors, require evaluation for compatibility with remotely sensed reflectance and N-rate predictions. This study observed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data from six small grain and two corn fields over three years. We employed three platforms: tractor-mounted active sensors (T-NDVI), passive multispectral drone (D-NDVI), and satellite (S-NDVI) sensors. Averaged NDVI values were extracted from the as-applied equipment polygons. Correlations between NDVI values from the three platforms were positive and strong, with D-NDVI consistently recording the highest values, particularly in areas with lower plant biomass. This was attributed to D-NDVI's lower soil reflectance and its ability to measure the entire biomass within equipment polygons. For small grains, sensors spaced on equipment booms might not capture accurate biomass in poor-growing and low NDVI regions. Regarding VRN, S-NDVI and D-NDVI occasionally aligned with T-NDVI recommendations but often suggested half the active sensor rate. Final yields showed some correlation with landscape variables, irrespective of N application. This finding suggests the potential use of drone or satellite imagery to provide multiple NDVI maps before application, incorporating expected landscape responses and thereby enhancing VRN effectiveness.We would like to acknowledge our Maryland farmer cooperators and Shawn Tingle for his assistance in the field. We acknowledge the support provided by the Harry R. Hughes Center for Agro-Ecology. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript
