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Screening of heavy metal degrading microbes from coal mine soils of Ramagundam and Sathupally
Full text linkBacterial community has been evolving and is been utilized in many ways for human welfare. Their very adaptive nature made them good remediators of the habitat of their presence. Such bacteria presence in the coal mine dumps in particular in the rhizosphere soils are having very vital role. They are the true bioremediation army for the heavy metals present in those soils via various metabolic processes. Such heavy metal degrading microbes are been screened from the rhizosphere soils of Ramagundam and Sathupally coal mine study areas and were studied for their bioremediation property in vitro. It was found that the gram positive bacteria have the capacity of heavy metal bioremediation in a better way than the gram negative ones in the present study.
KeywordsBioremediation, heavy metals, bacteria, coal mines, rhizosphere soil
Diagnostic Value of 1.5T MRI in Differentiating Acute and Chronic Osteomyelitis in Diabetic Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Full text linkPurpose: The aim of the review is to determine the usefulness of 1.5 T MRI in the distinction between acute and chronic osteomyelitis in diabetic patients, as an essential differentiation in order to achieve better results of treatment.
Methods: A meta-analysis and systematic review were done according to PRISMA guidelines. Articles published between January 2010 & May 2025 in Scopus, PubMed, ResearchGate, and Web of Science were searched. Inclusion criteria encompassed peer-reviewed studies involving diabetic patients with osteomyelitis, utilising 1.5 T MRI, and providing data on differentiation between acute and chronic forms. Diagnostic accuracy metrics were aggregated using a bivariate random-effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed with the I² statistic.
Results: From 1,200 identified records, 25 studies fulfil the inclusion criteria, comprising 1,500 patients. The meta-analysis revealed a sensitivity of 92% (95% CI: 88–95%) and a specificity of 85% (95% CI: 80–89%) for 1.5 T MRI in diagnosing osteomyelitis. Acute osteomyelitis was characterised by bone marrow oedema (sensitivity: 95%, specificity: 70%), while chronic osteomyelitis was marked by sequestrum (sensitivity: 60%, specificity: 98%). Gadolinium-enhanced sequences improved sensitivity for acute cases. Significant heterogeneity (I² = 60–65%) was observed, partly attributable to variations in MRI protocols and reference standards.
Conclusion: 1.5 T MRI demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy in differentiating acute and chronic osteomyelitis in diabetic patients, with distinct imaging features aiding clinical decision-making. Standardisation of MRI protocols and further research in advance imaging techniques are recommended to enhance diagnostic precision.
KEYWORDS
1.5 Tesla MRI, Diabetic foot osteomyelitis, Acute vs chronic osteomyelitis, Magnetic resonance imaging in diabetes, Diagnostic accuracy of MRI, Meta-analysis of osteomyelitis diagnosi
Analytical Quality by Design (A-QbD) Driven RP-HPLC Method for the Development and Validation of Analytical Methods for Ribavirin, Lopinavir, and Ritonavir
Full text linkAnalytical Quality by Design (A-QbD) provides a systematic, science-based, and risk-managed framework for developing robust analytical methods. This study aims to apply A-QbD principles to establish optimized and validated analytical procedures for Ribavirin, Lopinavir, and Ritonavir—drugs widely used in antiviral therapy. Critical Analytical Attributes (CAAs), Critical Method Parameters (CMPs), and Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) were identified through risk assessment and design of experiments (DoE). Method operable design ranges (MODRs) were established to ensure method robustness and lifecycle sustainability. The results demonstrate that A-QbD-driven method development improves accuracy, precision, linearity, robustness, and overall analytical reliability. The study confirms that A-QbD is essential for modern pharmaceutical analysis, ensuring regulatory compliance and product quality consistency. Successful separation of Ribavirin, Ritonavir and Lopinavir was achieved on Cromosil C18 column (5 µm 250 × 4 mm) with isocratic elution of Methanol:0.1 % Orthophosphoric acid 84:16 (v/v) as a mobile phase. The Ultraviolet detection was monitored at a wavelength of 223 nm at flow rate 0.8 mL/min. The proposed method is found to have linearity in the 40–200 μg/mL for Ribavirin and Lopinavir then 10–50 μg/mL for Ritonavir with correlation coefficients of not less than 0.999 respectively. All method validation criteria were within the range of acceptance. Relative standard deviation (%RSD) was observed to be <2% for inter- and intra-day precision. Besides, the recovery rate was observed close to 100% for both the drugs confirming the accuracy of the method. Minor alterations in the chromatographic conditions have revealed robustness and ruggedness of the developed method.
KeywordsAnalytical Quality by Design, A-QbD, Ribavirin, Lopinavir, Ritonavir, DoE, Method Validation, ICH Guideline
Fuctional outcome of intertrochanteric femur fracture after internal fixation with proximal femur nailing with medial entry portal
Full text linkIntertrochanteric fractures of the femur are common in the elderly population and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality if not treated appropriately. Early surgical fixation and mobilization are essential to restore function and reduce complications related to prolonged immobilization. This prospective study was conducted to evaluate the functional and radiological outcomes of intertrochanteric femur fractures treated with proximal femoral nailing (PFN). A total of 100 patients above 18 years of age with intertrochanteric femur fractures were included and managed surgically using PFN. Patients were followed up clinically and radiologically at regular intervals for a minimum period of six months. Functional outcome was assessed using the Harris Hip Score. The majority of patients belonged to the 60–79 year age group, with female predominance. Radiological union was achieved in most cases at a mean duration of 12 weeks. According to Harris Hip Score, excellent to good outcomes were observed in 85% of patients. Complications included superficial and deep infection, screw back-out, and varus collapse, with no cases of non-union or periprosthetic fracture. Proximal femoral nailing provided stable fixation, allowed early mobilization, and resulted in satisfactory functional and radiological outcomes. PFN is an effective and reliable method for the management of intertrochanteric femur fractures, particularly in elderly patients with osteoporotic bone.
KEYWORDS:
Intertrochanteric femur fracture; Proximal femoral nail (PFN); Proximal femur fracture; Internal fixation; Intramedullary nailing; Functional outcome; Harris Hip Score; Elderly patients; Osteoporotic Fractures; Evan’s classification; Stable and unstable fractures; Closed reduction; Early mobilization; Radiological union; Postoperative complications; Varus collapse; Screw back-out; Load-sharing implant; Minimally invasive fixation
Immunohistochemistry study of the effect of Oxalis corniculata extract on 1-methyl- 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced in mice
Full text linkGrowth Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a laboratory technique used to visualize and study the distribution of specific proteins or antigens within cells and tissues. Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of various neurological disorders. IHC enables researchers to study the distribution and activation of immune cells within the CNS, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms of neuroinflammation. Immune cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The present study was performed to verify the protective effect of the herb O. corniculata extract on brain, liver and kidney tissues in MPTP treated mice immunohistochemically. Sohxlet extraction method was used to obtain O. corniculata ethanol extract. Histopathological changes and immunohistochemical expression in the peripheral sciatic nerve and cerebral cortex were evaluated. Six groups (I – VI) of mice were used with six mice per group. MPTP treatment elevated the stress indicators, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and apoptotic proteins.
KeywordsCresyl violet staining, Crude extract, Histology, Herbal drug, Neuroprotective, Parkinson's disease
Drought stress alleviation in rice by endophytic Trichoderma sp. via modulation of physiological and antioxidant responses
Full text linkDrought is a major constraint to rice production, and beneficial endophytic fungi offer a promising strategy to enhance plant resilience under water-limited conditions. In this study, a drought-tolerant fungal endophytic Trichoderma sp. was evaluated for its ability to improve the physiological and biochemical performance of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR-64) under greenhouse-imposed drought stress. Plants were grown under four treatment combinations with and without endophyte inoculation and drought. Endophyte-treated plants showed improved growth under optimal conditions and exhibited strong protection against drought-induced declines in chlorophyll content, SPAD index, and leaf water status. Enhanced soluble sugar accumulation and elevated antioxidant enzyme activities further indicated improved osmotic balance and strengthened defense responses in inoculated plants exposed to drought. Overall, the Trichoderma sp. strain substantially mitigated drought-induced damage by enhancing water retention, maintaining photosynthetic capacity, and activating antioxidant and osmoprotective mechanisms. These findings highlight the potential of endophytic fungi as effective biological tools for improving drought tolerance in rice.
KeywordsTrichoderma sp., Rice IR-64, Drought stress, Endophytic fungi
Regional Differences in Lumbar Vertebrae Morphometry: A CT Study Comparing North and South Indian Populations
Full text linkBackground: Lumbar vertebral morphometry varies with ethnicity and has important implications for spinal diagnosis and instrumentation. Data comparing North and South Indian populations remain limited.
Objective: To evaluate and compare CT-based morphometric parameters of lumbar vertebrae (L1–L5) between North and South Indian adults and assess their clinical relevance for transpedicular fixation.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional CT-based study was conducted on 1,000 adults (500 North Indian, 500 South Indian) aged 18–50 years. Thin-slice (1 mm) multidetector CT images were analyzed to measure vertebral body dimensions, pedicle parameters, canal dimensions, and angular indices at L1–L5. Statistical comparisons were performed using t-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation, with p < 0.05 considered significant.
Results: Significant regional differences were observed across most lumbar parameters (p < 0.001). North Indians consistently demonstrated greater vertebral body heights, anteroposterior diameters, sagittal depths, and vertebral areas, indicating larger and taller vertebral bodies. South Indians showed significantly higher pedicle-related and transverse parameters, including pedicle width, interpedicular distance, and transverse pedicle angle, suggesting wider pedicles and spinal canals. These patterns were consistent across lumbar levels and both sexes, with a few level-specific non-significant variables.
Conclusion: Marked North–South Indian differences exist in lumbar vertebral morphometry. These findings highlight the necessity of population-specific anatomical data for optimal pedicle screw sizing, safer spinal instrumentation, and improved clinical outcomes in Indian patients.
KeywordsLumbar vertebrae; Vertebral morphometry; Computed tomography; North Indian population; South Indian population; Pedicle screw fixatio
Survey of Alternaria leaf blight incited by Alternaria alternata for dissease severity under different Isabgol growing agro-climatic regions
Full text linkA roving survey was conducted during the Rabi seasons 2023–24 and 2024–25 to assess the geographic variation in disease severity of Alternaria blight caused by Alternaria alternata across twenty locations representing diverse agro-climatic regions. Survey revealed a wide range of disease severity, with the average per cent disease severity (PDS) varying from 2.15 to 16.11 per cent, indicating considerable spatial variability in disease severity. This disease was prevalent in all surveyed locations, confirming the widespread distribution of the pathogen. The highest disease severity was recorded at Jinjinyala, Jodhpur, Rajasthan (16.11%), which was statistically at par with Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Garden, Anand, Gujarat (14.95%) and BRC Farm, Jodhpur (14.52%). A moderately high disease severity group comprised Menar F-1, Udaipur (13.47%), Khambolaz village, Anand (12.54%), ARS Farm, Mondor (12.23%), Kalakh, Jobner (12.20%), and Main Experimental Farm, Hisar (12.13%), which were statistically comparable, indicating similar epidemiological conditions favorable for disease development. Moderate disease severity was observed at Kunjrao village, Anand (11.65%), Manpuriya F-1, Mandsaur (11.37%), RCA Farm, Udaipur (11.32%), and Ranchhodpura village, Anand (11.23%), while lower disease intensity was recorded at Baori, Nagaur (9.88%), ANDUAT, Ayodhya (9.74%), MAPB at NRC on Seed Spices, Ajmer (8.80%), RVSKVV, Mandsaur (8.30%), and KVK Tabiji Farm, Ajmer (7.98%). The minimum disease severity was observed at Haripura, Jaipur (5.56%), Bhainslana, Jobner (4.26%), and Bhookhronki Dhani, Jobner (2.15%).
KeywordsIsabgol, Plantago ovata, Alternaria blight, Alternaria alternata, disease severity, roving survey, agro-climatic variability, epidemiolog
BIODEGRADATION OF PERMETHRIN PESTICIDE BY USING Brevibacillus brevis RCGM1
Full text linkThe high application of the permethrin pesticide in modern agriculture has resulted in their retention in the soil matrices making them a great threat to soil biodiversity and non-target organisms. Microbial biodegradation has been considered an economical and ecologically safe substitute to the traditional remedial processes. Soil samples enriched with permethrin were used in the current study to enrich putative pesticide degrading bacterial strains. A strain was identified as Brevibacillus brevis RCGM1 by the means of 16S rRNA gene sequencing with 97% sequence similarity and was successfully isolated and taxonomically identified. The isolate revealed the ability to use permethrin as the only carbon and nitrogen source and showed resistance to the high concentration of pesticides. The efficiency of degradation was 84.48% in eight days, which was proved by UV- Vis spectrophotometric analysis. Fourier -transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed a structural change of the compound, which indicated the cleavage of ester bonds, and Gc-MS confirmed that the metabolites were converted to ester hydrolysis and further oxidation to 3 -phenoxybenzoic acid and phenol. These results highlight the biodegradation capability of Brevibacillus brevis RCGM1 and indicate a promising future in their use in the bioremediation of pesticide contaminated soils, hence sustainable production and soil remediation.
KeywordsPermethrin, Biodegradation, Brevibacillus brevis RCGM1, FTIR, GCMS
HOMOEOPATHIC MANAGEMENT IN THE TREATMENT OF PSORIASIS – A CASE SERIES
Full text linkPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by recurrent episodes of erythematous, scaly plaques; it is often associated with physical and psychological stress with impaired quality of life. Homeopathy represents psoriasis as an external expression of internal constitutional and miasmatic disturbance, requiring an individualized therapeutic approach rather than symptomatic suppression. This case series includes three patients clinically diagnosed with psoriasis successfully managed with individualized homeopathic medicines after detailed case taking. The prescribed remedies were Phosphorus, Arsenicum Iodum and Aurum Metallicum. Remedies were prescribed according to the totality of symptoms and administered according to homeopathic principles, follow ups were done over a definite period of time and outcomes were evaluated based on lesion improvement, symptom reduction, relapse frequency and overall sense of wellbeing. All cases showed sustained improvement with notable reduction in lesions, itching and scaling which was calculated using PASI score. No adverse effects or disease suppression was recorded. The findings suggests that individualized homeopathic treatment may be effective in the management of psoriasis. Further controlled and long-term studies are required to substantiate these findings