117,736 research outputs found
Molophilus (Molophilus) tarra Billingham & Theischinger 2018, nov.sp.
No full textMolophilus (Molophilus) tarra nov.sp. (Figs 9, 10) T y p e m a t e r i a l: Holotype ♂: Victoria, Tarra Bulga National Park, Macks Creek by Bulga picnic area (38.4252°S, 146.5716°E), 7-ii-2014, Z. Billingham; NMV (MVT22306). Paratypes: 2♂♂: same data as Holotype; NMV (MVT22307, MVT22308), 1♂: Victoria, Tarra Bulga National Park, Tarra Valley Picnic ground (38.4470°S, 146.5388°E), 8-ii-2014, Z. Billingham; NMV (MVT22309). D e s c r i p t i o n Male (Fig. 9) H e a d. Pale whitish yellow. Antennal pedicel and scape pale whitish yellow, antennal flagellum and palpus greyish brown T h o r a x. Pronotum whitish. Prescutum, scutum, scutellum and mediotergite pale whitish yellow. Cervical sclerite and pleurites pale whitish yellow. Coxae, trochanters, femora and tibiae pale whitish yellow, tarsi greyish brown. W i n g. Hyaline with veins pale yellowish brown. Halter with stem pale whitish yellow, knob white. A b d o m e n. All segments pale whitish yellow. G e n i t a l i a (Fig. 10). Hypopygium pale whitish yellow with dorsal lobe of segment 9 quadrate, caudal margin broadly U shaped. Gonocoxite with dorso-lateral lobe very small, medial lobe not prominent and ventral lobe large, largely parallel sided and apically strongly bowed mediad, ending in a blunt beak. Inner gonostylus long, straight and blade like, a short curved subapical spike on the lateral face. Outer gonostylus largely parallel sided, with apex forked into two subequal prongs. Aedeagus long and thin; parameres oval to truncate. D i m e n s i o n s. Wing length 4.5 mm; body length (excluding antennae) 4.3 mm. Female unknown. E t y m o l o g y. This species is named after the Tarra-Bulga National Park which contains the type localities; to be treated as a noun in apposition.Published as part of Billingham, Zacariah D. & Theischinger, Günther, 2018, Three new species of Crane Fly from Australia (Diptera: Tipuloidea), pp. 321-332 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on pages 326-327, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.398565
Dolichopeza (Dolichopeza) rowanorum Billingham & Theischinger 2018, nov.sp.
No full textDolichopeza (Dolichopeza) rowanorum nov.sp. (Figs 11-15) T y p e m a t e r i a l: Holotype ♂: Tasmania, Tasman National Park, Agnes Creek off Fortescue Bay Rd (43.1498°S, 147.9514°E), 20-ii-2016, Z. Billingham; TMAG F65805. Paratype: ♂: same data as Holotype; TMAG F65806. D e s c r i p t i o n Male (Fig. 11) H e a d. Yellowish brown, vertex darker brown. Rostrum yellowish brown, palpus dark- er grey. Antenna with scape pale brown, pedicel pale yellowish brown and flagellum dark brown. T h o r a x (Fig. 13). Pronotum, prescutum, scutum, scutellum and mediotergite brown, a narrow pale yellow stripe arising at the anterior margin of the prescutum, extending onto the scutum and terminating at the transverse suture. Pleurites largely pale yellowish brown with darker brown areas as follows; the whole of the anepisternum, the base of the katepisternum, the base of the meron and the whole of the anatergite. Legs with coxa, trochanter and base of femur pale yellowish brown, remainder of fore and mid leg darker greyish brown, tarsi of hind leg missing. W i n g (Fig. 12). Membrane largely greyish brown, pterostigma darker grey. Halter with stem dark grey, knob dark grey at the base, paling to white distally. A b d o m e n (Fig. 11). First tergite entirely greyish brown, tergites 2-7 greyish brown dorsally with lateral pale yellow patches. These lateral patches appear to be variable in size and are more extensive in the paratype than in the holotype. Sternites 2-4 greyish brown with broad subapical transverse pale yellow band, sternites 5-7 similarly patterned but with the transverse band apical in position. Eighth abdominal segment entirely greyish brown. G e n i t a l i a (Figs 14, 15). Hypopygium brownish yellow, the outer gonostylus pale whitish yellow, inner gonostylus and aedeagus greyish brown to black. Tergite 9 with two faintly developed flat posterior lobes separated by a shallow quadrate notch. Outer gonostylus straight, distal third slightly broader. Inner gonostylus moderately curved and with pointed beak, a row of short serrations along the dorsal edge. Aedeagus, when viewed laterally, strongly arched at mid-length. Distal portion of adminiculum not expanded, distally truncate. D i m e n s i o n s. Wing length 9.0 mm, body length (excluding antennae) 8.1 mm. E t y m o l o g y. This species is dedicated to the Rowan family, particularly Lyn Rowan, for unending support and for helping to fund the first author’s Tasmanian survey work.Published as part of Billingham, Zacariah D. & Theischinger, Günther, 2018, Three new species of Crane Fly from Australia (Diptera: Tipuloidea), pp. 321-332 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on pages 328-329, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.398565
Rhabdomastix (Rhabdomastix) collessiana Theischinger & Billingham & Martin & Growns 2019, sp. nov.
No full textRhabdomastix (Rhabdomastix) collessiana Theischinger & Billingham, sp. nov. (Figs. 39–41) Material examined. Holotype ♀: Australia, Queensland, Blackdown Tableland, 23–24–iv–1981, D.H. Colless (ANIC); specimen dry, pinned, terminalia preserved (glycerol) in microvial on the pin. Paratypes: 2 ♀♀, same data as holotype (ANIC); 1 ♀, Bimberamala Ck, 7–ii–1997, G. Theischinger and L. Müller (AM); 3 ♀♀, New South Wales, Wilson River Reserve, 15 km NW Bellangry, 244 m, 7–xii–1986, G. Theischinger (AM). Description. Female (Figs. 39–41). Head. Largely greyish yellow to greyish brown; rostrum and palpus medium brown. Antenna 1.4–1.7 mm long, largely pale greyish yellow, only terminal 4–6 segments somewhat darker; pedicellus approximately as long as f1 and slightly shorter than f2–f5; f1 conical, f3 twice to three times as long as wide; verticils about as long as flagellomeres. Thorax. Very pale greyish to brownish yellow with mostly ill-defined dark greyish brown patches as follows: four indistinct stripes on presutural part of scutum; one (or two) indistinct patches on postsutural part; at least one ill-defined patch each covering most of scutellum and mediotergite; small, ill-defined patches on mesopleuron and sternopleuron (rather indistinct along the pleural suture) and all of meron. Legs very pale greyish yellow, increasingly darker from coxa to claws. Wing. Membrane slightly suffused with pale greyish brown all over and with distinct greyish brown pattern. Cell dm produced along vein M 1+2 . Dark patch at origin of Rs small, squarish and not extending into basal radial cell, dark patch between cord and end of R 1 not distinctly fused with patch on cord, dark patch on R 3 rather narrowly rectangular, same as dark patch on end of R 4 which is only vaguely fused with darkening of wing tip. Halters dull yellow to pale yellowish brown. Abdomen. Largely brownish grey. Terminalia. Cerci distinctly longer than 0.2 mm. Dimensions. Wing length 5.2–5.9 mm. Male unknown. Distribution. Eastern: Queensland, New South Wales (Map 2). Etymology. Dedicated to the great Australian dipterist D. H. Colless. Discussion. R. (R.) collessiana shares only with R. rosae and R. tonoirana a cell dm that is produced along vein M 1+2 . It differs from R. rosae and R. tonnoirana by lacking a dark wing patch between level origin of Rs and cord level. R. collessiana and R. tonoirana were found to coexist at Wilson River Reserve, 15 km NW Bellangry, at 244 m asl, in north-eastern New South Wales.Published as part of Theischinger, Günther, Billingham, Zacariah D., Martin, John & Growns, Ivor, 2019, The genus Rhabdomastix Skuse in Australia (Diptera: Tipuloidea: Limoniidae), pp. 65-100 in Zootaxa 4661 (1) on pages 85-88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4661.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/337850
Humic Products–Potential or Presumption for Agriculture. Do Humic Products Have a Place in Australian Grazing Enterprises?
No full textAustralian soils are inherently low in organic matter. Agricultural practices have compounded this problem. As farmers look for more sustainable farming methods a commercial niche has opened for a range of alternative products including the humic products. More than 200 humic products are manufactured and sold by Australian companies (Billingham 2012). Many more can be purchased via overseas websites.
The term ‘humic products’ denotes a range of materials derived from lignites (brown coals), peats, lignins, composts and other organic wastes. Most are manufactured by alkali and acid extraction of the source material. Humic products are usually sold as soil amendments or foliar sprays under a wide range of trade names and product descriptions in an unregulated market with no standardisation requirements (Billingham 2012). Common groupings are the solid humic acids or humates, the liquid fulvic acids or fulvates and the natural, organic or ‘raw’ humates that have not been extracted with an alkali. The humates and fulvates are often blended with macro and/or micronutrients with the broad claim of increased fertiliser use efficiency. Most application rates range from 5 kg/ha to 1 t/ha for solid products and 1-50 L/ha for liquid products with dilution rates up to 1:200. In 2012 available prices ranged from AU2500/t (Billingham 2012).
Humic products are marketed with a myriad of claims, but little evidence, of improved soil properties and plant growth. These claims closely resemble the properties of soil organic matter and, especially, the humic substances that occur naturally in soils and are responsible for many of its functions. Very little research into humic products has been conducted in Australia. To determine their efficacy, the peer-reviewed literature was searched and the claims investigated against the evidence found in the literature
Rhabdomastix (Rhabdomastix) rosae Theischinger & Billingham & Martin & Growns 2019, sp. nov.
No full textRhabdomastix (Rhabdomastix) rosae Theischinger & Billingham, sp. nov. (Figs. 42–44) Material examined. Holotype ♀: Australia, Queensland, Lacey Creek walking track by El Arish-Mission Beach Rd, Djiru N. P., 17.8511°S / 146.0652°E, 1–xi–2017, R. StClair (NM); specimen in 70% ethanol, terminalia preserved (glycerol) in microvial in glassvial together with specimen. Paratypes: Australia, Queensland: 7 ♀♀ same data as holotype (ZB); 1♀, Tributary of Mulgrave River off Mulgrave River Forestry Rd, Wooroonooran N. P., 17. 2400°S / 145.7740°E, 26–x–2017, R. StClair (NM); 1 ♀, Kearny Falls, Goldborough Valley, 3–iv–1997, G.Theischinger & L. Müller (AM); 1 ♀, Tully River Gorge N.P., 8–iv–1997, G. Theischinger & L. Müller (AM); 1 ♀, 16°28’S / 145°21’E, Mossman Gorge, Daintree N.P., 17–xii–1988, MV light, K. Walker (MV). Description. Female (Figs. 42–44). Head. Largely including rostrum and palpus variably dark greyish brown. Antenna 1.3–1.5 mm long, largely pale greyish yellow, only terminal 4–6 flagellomeres pale greyish brown; pedicellus approximately as long as f1, f2, f3 or f4; f1 slim conical, f3 twice to three times as long as wide; verticils about as long as flagellomeres. Thorax. Very pale greyish to brownish yellow with mostly well-defined dark greyish brown patches as follows: four stripes on presutural part of scutum; two patches on postsutural part; a less well-defined patch each at median angle of scutal suture and on most of scutellum and mediotergite; several well-defined specs on mesopleuron and sternopleuron (most notably along the pleural suture) and all of meron. Legs very pale greyish yellow, increasingly darker from coxa to claws. Wing. Membrane slightly suffused with greyish yellow all over and with distinct greyish brown pattern. Cell dm produced along vein M 1+2 . Dark patch at origin of Rs large, squarish and extended into basal radial cell, dark patch between cord level and end of R 1 distinctly fused with patch on cord, a small dark patch between patch at origin of Rs and anterior to cord much closer to origin of Rs than to cord; dark patch on R 3 rather small and extended into cell R 3+4 ; patch on end of R 4 broadly to completely fused with extensive darkening of wing tip; distinct darkening on m-m and m-cu, on end of vein R 5 and M 1+2 (fused with dark area on wing tip) and on end of CuA; dark smears in cell A 1 rather distinct. Halter with stem largely dull yellow and knob brownish grey. Abdomen. Largely variably dark greyish brown. Terminalia. Cerci markedly longer than 0.2 mm long, pointed, with ventral edge widely and evenly rounded. Hypogynial valves short, not sharply pointed. Dimensions. Wing length 5. 2–6.2 mm. Male unknown. Distribution. North-eastern: Queensland (Map 2). Etymology. R. (R.) ro s ae is named for one of its collectors, Mrs Ros StClair, her Christian name given in Genitive case. Discussion. The female of R. (R.) rosae stands out from all consubgeneric species by its rich colour pattern including a very distinct thoracic mark along the pleural suture and by its specific pattern of the wings.Published as part of Theischinger, Günther, Billingham, Zacariah D., Martin, John & Growns, Ivor, 2019, The genus Rhabdomastix Skuse in Australia (Diptera: Tipuloidea: Limoniidae), pp. 65-100 in Zootaxa 4661 (1) on pages 88-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4661.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/337850
Ray's a laugh: a reader
No full text'Ray’s a Laugh: A Reader' by Liz Jobey, pub MACK Books (160pgs) by traced the history of Billingham’s photo series ‘Ray’s a Laugh’ which still remains as vital and provocative as on its first release. Editor Liz Jobey charted the history in a new commissioned essay that drew on interviews with Billingham and all the primary protagonists of the work’s emergence. This was followed by an extensive selection of conversations and essays from 1996 to the present, by writers including Charlotte Cotton, Gordon Burn, Lynn Barber, and Jim Lewis.
The book coincided with the release of a new edition of Ray’s a Laugh that restored Billingham’s original vision for the book.
'Ray’s a Laugh: A Reader is part of DISCOURSE, a series of books published by MACK Books in which a theorist, artist, or writer engages in a dialogue with a theme, an artwork, an idea, or another individual across an extended text
An audit of sample sizes for pilot and feasibility trials being undertaken in the United Kingdom registered in the United Kingdom Clinical Research Network database
No full textThere is little published guidance as to the sample size required for a pilot or feasibility trial despite the fact that a sample size justification is a key element in the design of a trial. A sample size justification should give the minimum number of participants needed in order to meet the objectives of the trial. This paper seeks to describe the target sample sizes set for pilot and feasibility randomised controlled trials, currently running within the United Kingdom. Data were gathered from the United Kingdom Clinical Research Network (UKCRN) database using the search terms 'pilot' and 'feasibility.' From this search 513 studies were assessed for eligibility of which 79 met the inclusion criteria. Where the data summary on the UKCRN Database was incomplete, data were also gathered from: the International Standardised Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) register; the clinicaltrials.gov website and the website of the funders. For 62 of the trials, it was necessary to contact members of the research team by email to ensure completeness. Of the 79 trials analysed, 50 (63.3%) were labelled as pilot trials, 25 (31.6%) feasibility and 14 were described as both pilot and feasibility trials. The majority had two arms (n = 68, 86.1%) and the two most common endpoints were continuous (n = 45, 57.0%) and dichotomous (n = 31, 39.2%). Pilot trials were found to have a smaller sample size per arm (median = 30, range = 8 to 114 participants) than feasibility trials (median = 36, range = 10 to 300 participants). By type of endpoint, across feasibility and pilot trials, the median sample size per arm was 36 (range = 10 to 300 participants) for trials with a dichotomous endpoint and 30 (range = 8 to 114 participants) for trials with a continuous endpoint. Publicly funded pilot trials appear to be larger than industry funded pilot trials: median sample sizes of 33 (range = 15 to 114 participants) and 25 (range = 8 to 100 participants) respectively. All studies should have a sample size justification. Not all studies however need to have a sample size calculation. For pilot and feasibility trials, while a sample size justification is important, a formal sample size calculation may not be appropriate. The results in this paper describe the observed sample sizes in feasibility and pilot randomised controlled trials on the UKCRN Database
Early photographic work exhibited in 'All in the Family', UK Art Museum, University of Kentucky and 2nd Story, Lexington, KY
No full textEarly Photographic work was exhibited in 'All in the Family,' UK Art Museum, (July 16 – November 23, 2024) and 2nd Story, 522 West Short Street, Lexington (July 16 – October 12, 2024), University of Kentucky, College of Fine Arts. Co-curated by Stuart Horodner and Leah Kolb. This was a two-venue exhibition exhibiting works by emerging and established artists who have used their relatives (parents, children, siblings, partners) as subject matter to examination love and intimacy, acceptance and forgiveness, rituals and routines, and illness and loss. Selections offered a broader definition than blood relations, including aspects of chosen families and the significance of pets. The show provided opportunity to consider who and what we value, and the related joys and challenges that are part of the equation. The exhibition title was taken from the American television sitcom that aired on CBS for nine seasons, between 1971 – 1979. The TV show broke ground in its depiction of issues previously considered unsuitable for US network comedies, including racism, homosexuality, women’s liberation, religion, abortion, menopause, impotence, and the Vietnam War. Many of the works were part of the Museum’s permanent collection. Additional art was borrowed from studios, galleries, and collections. Besides Billingham, artists included Edgar Tolson, Elinor Carucci, Gaela Erwin, Tommy Kha, Rolf Koppel, Guy Mendes, and Marilyn Minter, Rachael Banks, Tyanna Buie, Rockwell Kent, Tony Tasset, Russell Lee, and Baldwin Lee; Robert Morgan, Aaron Skolnick, James Baker Hall, Barbara Pollack, and Chris Verene, Bill Adams and others
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
- …
