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On the Development and Origin of the Village Name Jedžiõtai.
No full textRemiantis gyvosios kalbos, istorinės toponimikos ir antroponimikos duomenimis, straipsnyje analizuojama Skuodo r. Aleksandrijos seniūnijoje esančio kaimo vardo Jedžiõtai raida ir kilmės galimybės. Tuo tikslu plačiai aptariami XVII a. II pusės – XVIII a. I pusės Ylakių bažnyčios metrikų knygose esantys kaimo ir jo gyventojų paminėjimai. Apžvelgus užrašymus istorijos šaltiniuose detaliai paaiškinamos galimos įvairių fonetinių ir morfologinių formų atsiradimo juose priežastys, išskiriami būdingiausi šaltinių variantai. Įrodinėjama, kad pirminė oikonimo forma buvo *Eidžiõtai, kilusi iš dvikamienio asmenvardžio Edžiotas, *Eidžiõtas. Iškėlus tokią raidos ir kilmės hipotezę kritiškai vertinama anksčiau kitų tyrėjų pateikta oikonimo kildinimo iš avd. *Jedžiotas arba *Jedžius, *Jadžius galimybė. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Oikonimas Jedžiõtai; Oikonimų raida; Oikonimų kilmė; Istoriniai užrašymai; Asmenvardžiai Eidžiotas; Eidžiõtas; Oikonym Jedžiõtai; Evolution of oikonyms; Origin of oikonyms; Historical records; Personal names Eidžiotas; EidžiõtasJedžiotai village in Aleksandrija eldership, Skuodas district, is not a very well-known Lithuanian settlement, but its name has a unique structure with no analogues in the onomasticon of Lithuania. Its origin is not easy to explain. In the work devoted to the research on the formation of Lithuanian suffix-derived oikonyms, this name is attributed to the category of unclear structures: it is believed that it is of anthroponymic origin and is derived from the personal name *Jedžiotas, *Jedžius, or *Jadžius, the plausibility of which is justified (with a question mark) by the surname Jedzevičius. As for this hypothesis, the authenticity of all three reconstructed personal names is highly questionable. Such anthroponyms are not presumed by the current list of surnames, as the dubious surname Jedzẽvičius is probably borrowed from Slavic languages. In addition, personal names *Jedžiotas, *Jedžius have not been recorded in historical anthroponymy research, at least for the time being: this also casts doubt on the possibility that the oikonym Jedžiõtai originated (was derived) from these surnames. Given the opaque structure of the oikonym and the emerging doubts about the discussed hypothesis of its origin, it is necessary to study, in as much detail as possible, the peculiarities of the use of the oikonym in the living language and historical sources. The analysis of the records of the oikonym from the living language suggests that the current form of Jedžiõtai is undoubtedly used by the locals and is rather old. This is evidenced by the data from the beginning and the first half of the twentieth century. The origin of Jedžiotai village should be linked to the sixteenth century, in the second half of which the settlement is already mentioned. Much information on the development of the village name may be obtained from the surviving records of the church books of the Ylakiai parish to which Jedžiotai belonged. The detailed analysis of the records of the village name in ecclesiastical and other types of historical sources allows distinguishing the following variants of the oikonym in historical records relevant to the study of its development and origin: with the initial ei- (Woytowstwo Eydziackie, Εйдзяты, de Eydziaty, de Eydʓiaty, Eydziatty, Wies Eydziaty, do Eydziat, Do Wsi Eydʓiat, Ейдзяны); with the initial e- (de Edʓiatiʃ, de Edziatis, de Edziotis, de Edʓiatis, de Edziaty, de Edziatow, de Edzioty, de Edziatiʃ, de Edźiatis, Edziatty, Edziotty); with the initial je- (de Jiadziatis, de Jedzioty, de Iiadziaty, de Iedziaty, de Iedzioty, de iedziaty, Jédžiotã). Considering the chronology of oikonym variants, the frequency of their use, the possibility to explain the reasons for their occurrence, and their implied origin, it can be stated that the most probable primary form of the village name Jedžiotai was *Eidžiõtai. In this case, a slightly later but rather frequent variant *Edžiõtai, which has originated due to the two-part monophthongization [ei] characteristic of the residents of Telšiai in northern Samogitia, can be considered dialectal. The earliest form *Eidžiõtai used in historical sources can also be considered primary due to its relatively easy-to-explain origin. It would be an oikonym derived from the two-stemmed personal name Edžiotas, *Eidžiõtas. The possibility that there could have been an anthroponymic variant with the accent on the second stem beside the one with the accented first stem is proved by surnames of a similar structure, such as Dáujotas, Daũjotas and Daujõtas, Gniotas and Giniõtas, Grijotas and Girijõtas, Giriõtas. The two-stemmed personal name Edž-iotas is mentioned in many anthroponymic works and has survived as a surname that at the beginning of the twentieth century was widespread in the vicinity of Varniai. The antiquity and evolution of this two-stemmed personal name is evidenced by the names of the nobility recorded in the historical sources from the middle of the seventeenth century: Kaʓimierʓ Eydʓiatowicʓ (= Kazimieras Eidžiotavičius) and Pana Jana Eydziatowicza (= Jonas Eidžiotavičius). Considering *Eidžiõtai the original form of the village name, it can be speculated that the current form Jedžiõtai may have originated from a dialectal or slavicised name *Edžiotai with the initial j. This can be assumed in view of the fact that in the area of Telšiai in northern Samogitia, there are cases when j is added at the beginning of the word with the initial e, cf. jẽma ← ẽma. On the other hand, it cannot be ruled out that the emergence of such a form may also be associated with slavicisation of names
Non-extant oikonyms from Linkmenys church records of the 18th century
No full textPratarmė -- Įvadas -- 1. VIETOVARDINĖS KILMĖS OIKONIMAI. 1.1. Iš vandenvardžių kilę oikonimai, įvardiję išnykusias gyvenamąsias vietas -- 1.2. Variantiškai vartoti vandenvardinės kilmės oikonimai, įvardiję dabar esančias arba tarpukariu buvusias gyvenamąsias vietas -- 1.3. Neaiškaus statuso vandenvardinės kilmės oikonimai -- 1.4. Oroniminės kilmės oikonimai -- 1.5. Apibendrinimas -- 2. ASMENVARDINĖS KILMĖS OIKONIMAI. 2.1. Oikonimai, įvardiję išnykusias gyvenamąsias vietas -- 2.2. Variantiškai vartoti oikonimai, įvardiję dabar esančias gyvenamąsias vietas -- 2.3. Neaiškaus statuso oikonimai -- 2.4. Apibendrinimas -- 3. APELIATYVINĖS KILMĖS OIKONIMAI. 3.1. Oikonimai, įvardiję išnykusias gyvenamąsias vietas -- 3.2. Variantiškai vartoti oikonimai, įvardiję dabar esančias gyvenamąsias vietas -- 3.3. Neaiškaus statuso oikonimai -- 3.4. Apibendrinimas -- 4. NEAIŠKIOS KILMĖS OIKONIMAI -- Išvados -- Šaltiniai ir literatūra -- Sutrumpinimai -- Summary -- Vietovardžių rodyklė -- Asmenvardžių rodyklė.Monografijoje identifikuojami išnykę, t. y. iki mūsų dienų neišlikę, XVIII amžiaus Liñkmenų parapinės bažnyčios metrikuose rasti oikonimai, atskleidžiami jų raidos ypatumai ir kilmės bruožai, taip papildant lietuvių gyvenamųjų vietų vardų inventorių naujais duomenimis. Pagal galimybes stengiamasi nustatyti jų lokalizaciją, statusą (ar įvardijo išnykusią gyvenvietę, ar buvo išlikusio vardo variantas), vartojimo pradžią, išnykimo priežastis, kaitos pobūdį, aptarti svarbiausius rašybos ypatumus, išanalizuoti darybą ir apibūdinti ryšius su kilmės pamatu esančiais tikriniais ir bendriniais žodžiais.[...] The studies addressing the oikonymy of the extinct Old Prussian language pay particular attention to reconstructing and identifying the non-extant oikonyms and determining the status of the objects named by them. The studies on Old Prussian often include a detailed analysis of both the extinct toponyms and the places designated by them by sometimes even updating their type established in earlier studies. To explain the origin of Latvian oikonyms, the previous variants, which have not reached our days, are also provided; the relationships between contemporary and defunct names of the same inhabited place are analysed as well. The relationship between extinct and extant inhabited places and their names is also discussed in German historical research; in the analysis of oikonyms, their status is differentiated considering whether the name is only known from historical sources, i.e., whether it has already disappeared from common usage. In the study of historical oikonymy in the territory of Poland, attention is also drawn to the cases where the name of a settlement is already out of use, non-existing. This research aims to identify the 18th century oikonyms from Linkmenys parish, which are no longer extant, i.e., which have disappeared from common usage; to reveal the specific characteristics of their development and origin and in this way supplement the inventory of Lithuanian oikonyms with new data. To achieve the aim, the following objectives were set: to pick out the names of inhabited places from Linkmenys church record books of the specific period which have no equivalents in the oikonymy of interwar Lithuania and later periods; where possible, identify their localization, status, the start of use, reasons of disappearance, type of change; to discuss the key characteristics of their spelling; to analyse word formation and discuss the relationship with the proper and common words used as their base words. The data for the research were collected from the most voluminous Linkmenys parish record books: Baptismal Record Book of 1708–1940, Baptismal and Marriage Record Book of 1740–1760, and Baptismal Record Book of 1760–1790. As mentioned before, in the 18th century the area of Linkmenys parish was far bigger. It included certain settlements which are now part of the parishes of Kirdeikiai, Saldutiškis, Palūšė, Ignalina, and Kazitiškis, which originated at a later period. It is therefore likely that certain oikonyms, already out of use, existed in the areas that no longer belong to Linkmenys parish. In other words, the study focuses on the oikonyms from the historical parish of Linkmenys. [...
On the origin of the village name Jaunódava.
No full textStraipsnyje analizuojama kaimo, esančio Šilalės r. Kaltinėnų seniūnijoje, vardo Jaunódava raida ir kilmė. Remiantis užrašymais istorijos šaltiniuose Jonawdo (vok.), Janowdowo, Яновдовo, Janowdowa, Jonowdow, Janowdów, Яновдовь, Janowdow, įrodinėjama, kad dabartinė gyvosios kalbos forma yra antrinė, dėl liaudies etimologijos atsiradusi iš *Jonaudai, iš kurios vėliau susidarė priesaginis variantas *Jonaudava. Oikonimai *Jonaudai ir *Jonaudava kildinami iš lie. dvikamienio avd. Jó-naudas. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Istorinė toponimika; Oikonimų kilmė; Oikonimų raida; Liaudies etimologija; Lithuanian; Historical toponymy; Origin of oikonyms; Evolution of oikonyms; Folk etymologyThe paper analyses the evolution and origin of Jaunódava, the name of a village located in the Kaltinėnai civil parish of the Šilalė region. It is argued that the current modern language form is secondary and, due to folk etymology, emerged from *Jonaudai → *Jonaudava, which was derived from the Lithuanian compound anthroponym Jó-naudas. This theory is based on the following name entries in historical sources: Jonawdo (German), Janowdowo, Яновдовo, Janowdowa, Jonowdow, Janowdów, Яновдовь, Janowdow
Dėl miestelio vardo <em>Saldùtiškis</em> raidos ir kilmės
No full textDabartinio Utenos raj. miestelio vardas Saldùtiškis nėra labai senas, tačiau turi daug įvairiausių formos variantų. Todėl straipsnyje, remiantis istorinėmis gyvenvietės radimosi ir raidos aplinkybėmis, jos vardo vartosenos istorijos dokumentuose ir gyvojoje kalboje ypatumais, siekiama nustatyti labiausiai galimą pirminę vardo formą, surasti jos raidos (kitimo) priežastis ir paaiškinti kilmę. Pirminės formos ir vėlesnių variantų kilmės aiškinimas grindžiamas lingvistinėmis ir istorinėmis jų sąsajomis su galimais kilmės šaltiniais.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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